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⛔ DEPRECATED ⛔ HERO Software Development Kit

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# DEPRECATED

This repository is part of a deprecated version of HERO.  Please refer to the [current HERO repository](https://github.com/pulp-platform/hero) for the current heterogeneous SDK.

# HERO Software Development Kit
**HERO** \[[1](https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06497)\], the open Heterogeneous Research Platform, combines a **PULP-based** \[[2](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7477325/)\] open-source parallel manycore accelerator implemented on FPGA with a hard ARM Cortex-A multicore host processor running full-stack Linux. HERO is the **first heterogeneous system architecture** that combines a powerful ARM multicore host with a highly parallel and scalable manycore accelerator based on a **RISC-V cores**.
HERO offers a **complete hardware and software platform** which advances the state of the art of transparent accelerator programming using the **OpenMP v4.5 Accelerator Model**. The programmer can write a single application source file for the host and use OpenMP directives for parallelization and accelerator offloading. Lower-level details such as differing ISAs as well as **shared virtual memory (SVM)** \[[3](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7797491/)\] between host and accelerator are handled by our heterogeneous toolchain based on GCC 7 \[[4](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3079071)\], runtime libraries, kernel driver and our open-source hardware IPs.

## Contents
The HERO software development kit (SDK) contains the following submodules:
* `hero-gcc-toolchain`: heterogeneous toolchain based on GCC 7 with RISC-V offloading support through OpenMP 4.5.
* `hero-support`: accelerator kernel driver and user-space runtime library, host Linux system based on Buildroot.
* `hero-openmp-examples`: HERO application examples using the OpenMP Accelerator Model.
* `libhero-target`: HERO hardware-specific APIs accessible through OpenMP.
* `pulp-sdk`: accelerator SDK (more info [here](https://github.com/pulp-platform/pulp-sdk))

# Getting Started
## Prerequisites
### Hardware
The HERO SDK currently supports the [Xilinx Zynq ZC706 Evaluation Kit](https://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/ek-z7-zc706-g.html) as target hardware platform.

### Software
First, make sure your shell environment does not deviate from the system defaults regarding paths (`PATH`, `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, etc) before setting up the SDK or sourcing the environment of the HERO SDK.

#### Ubuntu 16.04
Starting from a fresh Ubuntu 16.04 distribution, here are the commands to be executed to get all required dependencies:
```
sudo apt install build-essential bison flex git python3-pip gawk texinfo libgmp-dev libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev swig3.0 libjpeg-dev lsb-core doxygen python-sphinx sox graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat libsdl2-dev libswitch-perl libftdi1-dev cmake u-boot-tools fakeroot
sudo pip3 install artifactory twisted prettytable sqlalchemy pyelftools openpyxl xlsxwriter pyyaml numpy
```
#### CentOS 7 (Experimental)
Starting from a fresh CentOS 7 distribution, here are the commands to be executed to get all required dependencies:
```
sudo yum install git python34-pip python34-devel gawk texinfo gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-devel swig libjpeg-turbo-devel redhat-lsb-core doxygen python-sphinx sox GraphicsMagick-devel ImageMagick-devel SDL2-devel perl-Switch libftdi-devel cmake uboot-utils fakeroot
sudo pip3 install artifactory twisted prettytable sqlalchemy pyelftools openpyxl xlsxwriter pyyaml numpy
```

## Get the HERO SDK sources
The HERO SDK uses GIT submodules. Thus, you have to clone it recursively:
```
git clone --recursive git@github.com:pulp-platform/hero-sdk.git
```
or if you use HTTPS
```
git clone --recursive https://github.com/pulp-platform/hero-sdk.git
```

## Build the HERO SDK from the sources
The build is automatically managed by various scripts. The main build script is `hero-z-7045-builder`.
You can build everything by launching the following command:
```
./hero-z-7045-builder -A
```
The first build takes at least 1 hour (depending on your internet connection). The whole HERO SDK requires roughly 25 GiB of disk space. If you want to build a single module only, you can do so by triggering the corresponding build step separately. Execute

```
./hero-z-7045-builder -h
```
to list the available build commands. Note that some modules have dependencies and require to be built in order. The above command displays the various modules in the correct build order.

## Setup of the HERO platform
Once you have built the host Linux system, you can set up operation of the HERO platform.

### Format SD card (HERO boot medium)

To properly format your SD card, insert it to your computer and type `dmesg` to find out the device number of the SD card.
In the following, it is referred to as `/dev/sdX`.

**NOTE**: Executing the following commands on a wrong device number will corrupt the data on your workstation. You need root privileges to format the SD card.

First of all, type
```
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=1024 count=1
```
to erase the partition table of the SD card.

Next, start `fdisk` using
```
sudo fdisk /dev/sdX
```
and then type `n` followed by `p` and `1` to create a new primary partition.
Type `1` followed by `1G` to define the first and last cylinder, respectively.
Then, type `n` followed by `p` and `2` to create a second primary partition.
Select the first and last cylinder of this partition to use the rest of the SD card.
Type `p` to list the newly created partitions and to get their device nodes, e.g., `/dev/sdX1`.
To write the partition table to the SD card and exit `fdisk`, type `w`.

Next, execute
```
sudo mkfs -t vfat -n ZYNQ_BOOT /dev/sdX1
```
to create a new FAT filesystem for the boot partition, and
```
sudo mkfs -t ext2 -L STORAGE /dev/sdX2
```
to create an ext2 filesystem for storage.  (Do not use FAT for storage because it does not support
symlinks, which are needed to correctly install libraries.)

### Load boot images to SD card

To install the generated images, copy the contents of the directory
```
linux-workspace/sd_image
```
to the first partition of the prepared SD card.
You can do so by changing to this directory and executing the provided script
```
cd linux-workspace/sd_image
./copy_to_sd_card.sh
```
**NOTE**: By default, this script expects the SD card partition to be mounted at `/run/media/${USER}/ZYNQ_BOOT` but you can specify a custom SD card mount point by setting up the env variable `SD_BOOT_PARTITION`.

Insert the SD card into the board and make sure the board boots from the SD card.
To this end, the [boot mode switch](http://www.wiki.xilinx.com/Prepare%20Boot%20Medium) of the Zynq must be set to `00110`.
Connect the board to your network.
Boot the board.

### Install HERO SDK support files

Once you have set up the board you can define the following environmental variables (e.g. in `scripts/hero-z-7045-env.sh`)
```
export HERO_TARGET_HOST=<user_id>@<hero-target-ip>
export HERO_TARGET_PATH=<installation_dir>
```
to enable the HERO builder to install the driver, support applications and libraries using a network connection. Then, execute
```
./hero-z-7045-builder -i
```
to install the files on the board.

By default, the root filesystem comes with pre-generated SSH keys in `/etc/ssh/ssh_host*`. The default root password is
```
hero
```
and is set at startup by the script `/etc/init.d/S45password`.

**NOTE**: We absolutely recommend to modify the root filesystem to set a custom root password and include your own SSH keys. How this can be done is explained on our [HOWTO webpage][Zynqlinux HowTo]. We are not responsible for any vulnerabilities and harm resulting from using the provided unsafe password and SSH keys.

## Execute OpenMP Examples
### Environmental Setup
The HERO SDK contains also some OpenMP 4.5 example applications. Before running an example application, you must have built the HERO SDK, set up the HERO platform and installed the driver, support applications and libraries.

Setup the build environment by executing
```
source scripts/hero-z-7045-env.sh
```

Connect to the board and load the PULP driver:
```
cd ${HERO_TARGET_PATH_DRIVER}
insmod pulp.ko
```

To print any UART output generated by PULP, connect to the HERO target board via SSH and start the PULP UART reader:
```
cd ${HERO_TARGET_PATH_APPS}
./uart
```

### Application Execution
To compile and execute an application, navigate to the application folder and execute make:
```
cd hero-openmp-examples/helloworld
make clean all run
```

Alternatively, you can also directly connect to the board via SSH, and execute the binary on the board once it has been built:
```
cd ${HERO_TARGET_PATH_APPS}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${HERO_TARGET_PATH_LIB}
./helloworld
```

# Additional information
For additional information on how to build the host Linux system, customize the Buildroot root filesystem (e.g. installing your SSH keys) etc. visit the corresponding [HOWTO webpage][Zynqlinux HowTo].

# Issues and troubleshooting
If you find problems or issues during the build process, you can take a look at the troubleshooting [page](FAQ.md) or you can directly open an [issue](https://github.com/pulp-platform/hero-sdk/issues) in case your problem is not a common one.

# References
1. [Kurth, Andreas, et al. "HERO: Heterogeneous Embedded Research Platform for Exploring RISC-V Manycore Accelerators on FPGA." _arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.06497 (2017)_](https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.06497)
2. [Rossi, Davide, et al. "PULP: A parallel ultra low power platform for next generation IoT applications." _Hot Chips 27 Symposium (HCS), 2015 IEEE._ IEEE, 2015](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7477325/)
3. [Vogel, Pirmin, Andrea Marongiu, and Luca Benini. "Lightweight virtual memory support for zero-copy sharing of pointer-rich data structures in heterogeneous embedded SoCs." _IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 28.7 (2017): 1947-1959._ IEEE, (2017)](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7797491/)
4. [Capotondi, Alessandro, and Andrea Marongiu. "Enabling zero-copy OpenMP offloading on the PULP many-core accelerator." _Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems._ ACM, 2017.](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3079071)

[Zynqlinux HowTo]: https://pulp-platform.org/hero/doc/software/host/zynqlinux/

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