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mlir-wasm-dialect

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# WAMI: Compilation to WebAssembly through MLIR without Losing Abstraction

WAMI is an MLIR-based compilation pipeline for WebAssembly. It is the artifact
of [WAMI: Compilation to WebAssembly through MLIR without Losing
Abstraction](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16048).

## Project Layout

- `include/WAMI`, `lib/WAMI`: WAMI dialect + conversion passes
- `include/wasmstack`, `lib/wasmstack`: WasmStack dialect, stackification,
  verifier, and emitter bridge
- `include/Target/WasmStack`, `lib/Target/WasmStack`: WebAssembly binary emitter
- `wasm-opt`: driver for passes
- `wasm-emit`: MLIR-to-Wasm binary tool
- `include/Coro`, `lib/Coro`: coroutine intrinsics and passes
- `benchmark/polybench`: benchmark scripts
- `toolchain/local-executor`, `toolchain/mcu-wasm-executor`, `toolchain/wasmtime-executor`: runtime harnesses

## Build

Build LLVM/MLIR first, then this project.

This repository currently requires a patched LLVM/MLIR from:

- https://github.com/byeongjee/llvm-project/tree/wami-compatibility

Using upstream LLVM/MLIR without these compatibility patches is not supported.

Then configure and build this project:

```sh
mkdir -p build
cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build \
  -DMLIR_DIR=$PREFIX/lib/cmake/mlir \
  -DLLVM_EXTERNAL_LIT=$BUILD_DIR/bin/llvm-lit \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
cmake --build build --target check-wasm
```

## Test

Run focused suites:

```sh
llvm-lit build/test/WAMI
llvm-lit build/test/wasmstack
```

Run one test file:

```sh
llvm-lit build/test/wasmstack/full-pipeline-verify.mlir
```

Opt-in execution benchmarks:

```sh
RUN_WASMTIME_BENCH=1 llvm-lit build/test/integration/benchmarks
```

Opt-in stack-switching runtime tests with Wizard Engine:

```sh
RUN_WIZARD_STACK_SWITCHING=1 \
WIZARD_ENGINE_DIR=/path/to/wizard-engine \
llvm-lit build/test/integration/stack-switching
```

## Development Setup

Install [pre-commit](https://pre-commit.com) to enable formatting and linting
hooks:

```sh
pip install pre-commit
pre-commit install
```

This runs clang-format, ruff, shellcheck, and cmake-format automatically on
each commit. To check all files manually:

```sh
pre-commit run --all-files
```

To run clang-tidy locally (requires a build with `compile_commands.json`):

```sh
cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build \
  -DMLIR_DIR=$PREFIX/lib/cmake/mlir \
  -DLLVM_EXTERNAL_LIT=$BUILD_DIR/bin/llvm-lit \
  -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
find lib include wasm-opt wasm-emit -name '*.cpp' -o -name '*.h' \
  | xargs clang-tidy -p build/
```

## Tool Prerequisites

- [WABT](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt) (`wasm-validate`, `wasm-objdump`,
  `wat2wasm`)
- [WASI-SDK](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk) for LLVM backend script
  flow (`WASI_SDK_PATH`)
- [WAMR](https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-micro-runtime) for MCU runs
- [Zephyr](https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/index.html) (optional, only
  needed for testing on microcontrollers)

Example environment variables:

```sh
export WASI_SDK_PATH=/path/to/wasi-sdk
export ZEPHYR_BASE=/path/to/zephyrproject/zephyr
export WAMR_ROOT_DIR=/path/to/wasm-micro-runtime
export WIZARD_ENGINE_DIR=/path/to/wizard-engine
```

## Usage

### Preferred New Pipeline

```sh
build/bin/wasm-opt input.mlir \
  --wami-convert-all \
  --convert-to-wasmstack \
  --verify-wasmstack \
  -o out.wasmstack.mlir

build/bin/wasm-emit out.wasmstack.mlir --mlir-to-wasm -o out.wasm
```

### Existing Scripted Flow

`toolchain/compile.sh` and `toolchain/run.sh` are used by existing benchmark/runtime scripts:

```sh
./toolchain/compile.sh -i test/conv2d.mlir -o conv2d-wami --compiler=wami
./toolchain/compile.sh -i test/conv2d.mlir -o conv2d-llvm --compiler=llvm
./toolchain/run.sh benchmark/polybench/small/2mm.mlir --compiler=wami --use-aot=false
```

`compile.sh --compiler=wami` follows the same `wami -> wasmstack -> wasm-emit`
pipeline shown above.

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