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PipeEdge: Pipeline Parallelism for Large-Scale Model Inference on Heterogeneous Edge Devices

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# PipeEdge

PipeEdge is an inference framework that pipelines neural network (e.g., transformer) model shards on distributed devices.
It includes an automatic partition scheduler which maps model layers to devices to optimize throughput.

## Prerequisites

System dependencies:

* Python >= 3.7
* Compiler with C++17 support
* CMake >= 3.8 (for C++17 support)
* [yaml-cpp](https://github.com/jbeder/yaml-cpp) >= 0.6.0

On MacOS:

```sh
brew install cmake yaml-cpp
```

On Debian (>= buster) or Debian-based Linux (including Ubuntu >= 20.04):

```sh
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake libyaml-cpp-dev
```

We recommend using a Python virtual environment (`virtualenv`), e.g., on Debian-based Linux:

```sh
sudo apt-get install python3-venv
```

or directly with a system-installed `pip`:

```sh
pip3 install virtualenv
```

Create and activate the virtualenv:

```sh
python3 -m venv .venv
. .venv/bin/activate
```

Install the development package, Python package dependencies, and runtime application dependencies with:

```sh
pip install -U pip
pip install -e '.[runtime]'
```

Download model weight files (ViT files are from [Google Cloud](https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/vit_models)):

```sh
python save_model_weights.py
```

### Optional dependencies:

System dependencies required for runtime monitoring:

* [EnergyMon](https://github.com/energymon/energymon) - with a system-appropriate "default" library (which may have transitive dependencies)

## Usage

For full usage help, run:

```sh
python runtime.py -h
```

To run with default parameters (using ViT-Base) on a single node:

```sh
python runtime.py 0 1
```

To run on multiple nodes, e.g., with 2 stages and even partitioning, on rank 0:

```sh
python runtime.py 0 2 -pt 1,24,25,48
```

and on rank 1:

```sh
python runtime.py 1 2 -pt 1,24,25,48
```

### Partitioning

For example, the ViT-Base model has 12 layers, so the range is [1, 12*4] = [1, 48].

An even partitioning for 2 nodes is:
```
partition = [1,24,25,48]
```

An uneven partitioning for 2 nodes could be:
```
partition = [1,47,48,48]
```

A partitioning for 4 nodes could be:
```
partition = [1,4,5,8,9,20,21,48]
```

## Automatic Partition Scheduling

In summary, the `sched-pipeline` scheduling application uses three input YAML files to map model partitions to devices (hosts).
Automated profiling helps produce two of these files; the third lists available hosts and is straightforward to create for your deployment environment.
For detailed instructions and documentation, see [README_Profiler.md](README_Profiler.md) and [README_Scheduler.md](README_Scheduler.md).

Point `runtime.py` to the YAML files using the options `-sm/--sched-models-file`, `--sdt/--sched-dev-types-file`, and `-sd/--sched-dev-file`.
The runtime passes these through to the previously compiled scheduler application, along with other configurations like the model name and microbatch size.
Then map the hosts specified in the third YAML file to the distributed ranks in your runtime using the `-H/--hosts` option.
Do not specify the `-pt/--partition` option, which is for manually specifying the schedule and takes precedence over automated scheduling.

## Datasets

### GLUE CoLA

Supported by the following models:

* textattack/bert-base-uncased-CoLA

The dataset will be automatically downloaded from [huggingface.co](https://huggingface.co/datasets/glue).

Use in `runtime.py` with the option(s): `--dataset-name=CoLA`

### ImageNet

Supported by the following models:

* google/vit-base-patch16-224
* google/vit-large-patch16-224
* facebook/deit-base-distilled-patch16-224
* facebook/deit-small-distilled-patch16-224
* facebook/deit-tiny-distilled-patch16-224

This dataset cannot be downloaded automatically because a login is required to access the files.
Register with [image-net.org](https://www.image-net.org/), then [download](https://image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/2012-downloads.php) `ILSVRC2012_devkit_t12.tar.gz` and at least one of `ILSVRC2012_img_train.tar` and `ILSVRC2012_img_val.tar`.
Place the files in their own directory.
The archives will be automatically parsed and extracted into a usable folder structure within the same directory.

Use in `runtime.py` with the option(s): `--dataset-name=ImageNet --dataset-root=/path/to/archive_dir`

## Citation

If using this software for scientific research or publications, please cite as:

Yang Hu, Connor Imes, Xuanang Zhao, Souvik Kundu, Peter A. Beerel, Stephen P. Crago, John Paul Walters, "PipeEdge: Pipeline Parallelism for Large-Scale Model Inference on Heterogeneous Edge Devices," 2022 25th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), 2022, pp. 298-307, doi: [10.1109/DSD57027.2022.00048](https://doi.org/10.1109/DSD57027.2022.00048).

```BibTex
@INPROCEEDINGS{PipeEdge,
  author={Hu, Yang and Imes, Connor and Zhao, Xuanang and Kundu, Souvik and Beerel, Peter A. and Crago, Stephen P. and Walters, John Paul},
  booktitle={2022 25th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)},
  title={{PipeEdge}: Pipeline Parallelism for Large-Scale Model Inference on Heterogeneous Edge Devices},
  year={2022},
  pages={298-307},
  doi={10.1109/DSD57027.2022.00048}}
```

Or, as appropriate:

```BibTex
@INPROCEEDINGS{QuantPipe,
  author={Wang, Haonan and Imes, Connor and Kundu, Souvik and Beerel, Peter A. and Crago, Stephen P. and Paul Walters, John},
  booktitle={ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  title={{QuantPipe}: Applying Adaptive Post-Training Quantization For Distributed Transformer Pipelines In Dynamic Edge Environments},
  year={2023},
  pages={1-5},
  doi={10.1109/ICASSP49357.2023.10096632}}
```

```BibTex
@INPROCEEDINGS{PipeEdgeRevAuct,
  author={Imes, Connor and King, David W. and Walters, John Paul},
  booktitle={2023 Eighth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC)},
  title={Distributed Edge Machine Learning Pipeline Scheduling with Reverse Auctions},
  year={2023},
  pages={196-203},
  doi={10.1109/FMEC59375.2023.10306169}}
```

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