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RISC-V simulator and IDE for learning assembly — RV32IMF, step-by-step debugger,cache , pipeline, multi-core simulator

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# RAVEN — RISC-V Simulator & IDE

> [Leia em Português](docs/pt-BR/README.md)

**RAVEN** is a free, open-source RISC-V simulator and terminal IDE for students and anyone learning assembly. It covers **RV32IMAF** — the full base integer set, multiply/divide, atomics, and single-precision float — and makes every part of the machine visible while your program runs.

Write assembly in the built-in editor, assemble with `Ctrl+Enter`, and step through every instruction watching registers, memory, and the cache update in real time. Nothing is hidden.

![RAVEN in action](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Gaok1/Raven-RiscV/main/docs/assets/raven-example.gif)

---

## Quick Start

Download the latest binary from [Releases](https://github.com/Gaok1/Raven-RiscV/releases), or build from source:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/Gaok1/Raven-RiscV.git
cd Raven
cargo run
```

Requires Rust 1.75+. No other dependencies.

---

## What you get

### Editor (Tab 1)
- Syntax highlighting — instructions, registers, labels, directives, strings
- Ghost operand hints while typing
- `Ctrl+Enter` to assemble instantly; errors show line number and reason
- Undo/redo (50 levels), word navigation, toggle comment (`Ctrl+/`), select next occurrence (`Ctrl+d`)
- Go-to-definition (`F12`), label highlight, address gutter (`F2`)

### Debugger — Run Tab (Tab 2)
- Run free (`r`), pause (`p`), restart (`R`), or single-step (`s`)
- Breakpoints (`F9`), jump to label (`Ctrl+g`), jump to RAM address (`Ctrl+f`), execution trace (`t`)
- All 32 integer registers with ABI names, change highlighting
- Float registers (`f0–f31` / ABI names), toggled with `Tab` in REGS mode
- Sidebar cycles with `v`: **RAM → Registers → Dyn**
  - **RAM**: scrollable memory view; `k` cycles region: Data / Stack / R/W / **Heap** (sbrk pointer, `▶HB` marker)
  - **R/W**: still RAM view, but auto-follows the last memory access address from `LOAD` and `STORE`
  - **Registers**: integer or float register bank with per-register age highlighting; pin with `P`
  - **Dyn**: self-narrating mode for single-stepping — STORE → RAM centered on the written address (`▶`); LOAD / ALU / branch → register bank so you see the result
- Instruction memory panel: type badge `[R]` R-type · `[I]` I-type · `[S]` Store · `[B]` Branch · `[U]` Upper · `[J]` Jump · `[A]` Atomic · `[F]` Float; execution heat `×N`, branch outcome
- Instruction decoder: full field breakdown (opcode, funct3/7, rs1/rs2/rd, immediate, sign-extended)

### Cache Simulator (Tab 3)
- Separate I-cache and D-cache, plus unlimited extra levels (L2, L3…)
- Configurable: sets, ways, block size, write policy (write-through/write-back + allocate/no-allocate), inclusion policy (non-inclusive/inclusive/exclusive)
- Six replacement policies: LRU, FIFO, LFU, Clock, MRU, Random
- Live stats: hit rate, MPKI, RAM traffic, top miss PCs
- Academic metrics: AMAT (hierarchical), IPC, CPI per instruction class
- Visual matrix view: every set and way, valid/tag/dirty state, scrollable
- Export results (`Ctrl+r`) to `.rstats`/`.csv`
- CPI configuration: per-class cycle costs (ALU, MUL, DIV, LOAD, STORE, branch, JUMP, FP…)

### Pipeline Simulator (Tab 4)
- Five-stage in-order pipeline visualization with per-cycle stepping and run/pause controls
- Main and Config subtabs for hazard/history inspection and pipeline configuration
- Branch resolve and predictor controls, bypass toggles, and hazard map visualization
- Export the unified config / results with `Ctrl+e`, `Ctrl+l`, and `Ctrl+r`

### Docs Tab (Tab 5)
- Instruction reference for all supported instructions
- Run tab key guide

---

## ISA Coverage

| Extension | Instructions |
|-----------|-------------|
| RV32I | ADD, SUB, AND, OR, XOR, SLL, SRL, SRA, SLT, SLTU, ADDI, ANDI, ORI, XORI, SLTI, SLTIU, SLLI, SRLI, SRAI, LB, LH, LW, LBU, LHU, SB, SH, SW, BEQ, BNE, BLT, BGE, BLTU, BGEU, JAL, JALR, LUI, AUIPC, FENCE, FENCE.I, ECALL, EBREAK |
| RV32M | MUL, MULH, MULHSU, MULHU, DIV, DIVU, REM, REMU |
| RV32A | LR.W, SC.W, AMOSWAP.W, AMOADD.W, AMOXOR.W, AMOAND.W, AMOOR.W, AMOMAX.W, AMOMIN.W, AMOMAXU.W, AMOMINU.W |
| RV32F | FADD.S, FSUB.S, FMUL.S, FDIV.S, FSQRT.S, FMIN.S, FMAX.S, FEQ.S, FLT.S, FLE.S, FLW, FSW, FMV.W.X, FMV.X.W, FCVT.W.S, FCVT.WU.S, FCVT.S.W, FCVT.S.WU, FCLASS.S, FMADD.S, FMSUB.S, FNMADD.S, FNMSUB.S, FNEG.S, FABS.S |

**Pseudo-instructions:** `la`, `li`, `mv`, `neg`, `not`, `ret`, `call`, `push`, `pop`, `seqz`, `snez`, `beqz`, `bnez`, `bgt`, `ble`, `fmv.s`, `fneg.s`, `fabs.s`, and more.

**Syscalls (`ecall`):** print integer/string, read input, exit, random bytes — Linux-compatible ABI (`a7` = syscall number).

---

## Loading ELF Binaries

RAVEN can load and execute **ELF32 LE RISC-V** binaries compiled by any standard toolchain. It is officially compatible with:

| Target | Support |
|--------|---------|
| `riscv32im-unknown-none-elf` | ✅ Full |
| `riscv32ima-unknown-none-elf` | ✅ Full |

### Running a Rust no_std program

```bash
# 1. Add the target (once)
rustup target add riscv32im-unknown-none-elf

# 2. Build your project
cargo build --target riscv32im-unknown-none-elf

# 3. Open RAVEN, go to the Editor tab, click [BIN] and select the ELF
#    (found at target/riscv32im-unknown-none-elf/debug/<your-crate>)
```

The ELF is loaded at its linked virtual addresses, the PC is set to the entry point, and the disassembler shows the decoded text segment. Unknown words (data, padding) appear as `.word 0x...`.

A ready-to-use project with `_start`, panic handler, allocator, and wrappers for `write`, `read`, and `exit` is available at [`rust-to-raven/`](rust-to-raven/).

---

## Assembler

- `.text`, `.data`, `.bss` segments
- Directives: `.byte`, `.half`, `.word`, `.dword`, `.float`, `.ascii`, `.asciz`, `.string`, `.space`, `.globl`
- `.word label` — label addresses as data values (jump tables, pointer arrays)
- Block comments (`##!`) and inline annotations (`#!`) visible in the Run tab at runtime
- Clear error messages with line numbers

---

## Key Bindings

### Global
| Key | Action |
|-----|--------|
| `Ctrl+Enter` | Assemble and load |

### Run Tab
| Key | Action |
|-----|--------|
| `r` / `p` | Run / Pause |
| `s` | Single step |
| `R` | Restart simulation |
| `F9` | Toggle breakpoint at PC |
| `f` | Cycle speed: 1× → 2× → 4× → 8× → GO |
| `v` | Cycle sidebar: RAM → Registers → Dyn |
| `k` | Cycle RAM region: Data → Stack → R/W → Heap |
| `Tab` | Toggle integer / float register bank (REGS mode) |
| `t` | Toggle execution trace panel |
| `Ctrl+f` | Jump RAM view to address |
| `Ctrl+g` | Jump instruction view to label |

---

## Included Examples

`Program Examples/` contains ready-to-run programs, grouped by topic:

| File | Demonstrates |
|------|-------------|
| `basics/` (`print.s`, `sum_1_to_10.s`, ...) | First steps: printing, loops, pseudo-instructions |
| `algorithms/fib.s` | Recursion, stack frames, calling convention |
| `algorithms/bubble_sort_20.s` | Loops, pointer arithmetic, in-place swap |
| `algorithms/quick_sort_20_push_pop.s` | Recursive quicksort with `push`/`pop` |
| `algorithms/binary_search_tree.s` | Heap allocation, pointer chasing |
| `algorithms/gcd_euclid.s` | Iterative algorithm, branch-heavy |
| `cache/cache_locality.s` | Cache-friendly vs cache-hostile access patterns |
| `pipeline/pipeline_forwarding_demo.s` | RAW chains and forwarding paths |
| `pipeline/pipeline_load_use_demo.s` | Load-use stalls and replays |
| `pipeline/pipeline_branch_flush_demo.s` | Prediction, redirect, and wrong-path squash |
| `pipeline/pipeline_cache_stall_demo.s` | MEM stalls from cache latency |
| `syscalls/` (`io_echo.s`, `syscall_echo_linux.s`) | Console I/O via Linux ABI and teaching syscalls |
| `harts/hart_spawn_visual_demo.s` | Multi-hart activity across cores for Run/Pipeline inspection |
| `graphics/snake.s` | Complete snake game on the graphics syscalls (2000+) |

---

## CLI

Raven can also be used headlessly from the command line — assemble, simulate, export/import configs, and redirect output to files.

```bash
raven build program.s                             # assemble
raven run   program.s --nout                      # run, suppress stats
raven run   program.toy --arch toy16 --nout       # select another backend at runtime
raven run   program.s --out results.json          # run, save stats
raven run   program.s --config my.rcfg \
                        --format csv --out stats.csv
raven export-config --out default.rcfg              # dump default unified config
raven check-config  my.rcfg                         # validate a config
```

See the **[CLI Reference](docs/en/cli.md)** for all subcommands and flags.

---

## Docs

- **Interactive tutorial** — press `[?]` on any tab inside Raven (EN / PT-BR toggle with `[L]`)
- [CLI Reference (EN)](docs/en/cli.md) — all subcommands, flags, config file formats
- [Referência da CLI (PT-BR)](docs/pt-BR/cli.md)
- [Instruction formats (EN)](docs/en/format.md) — bit layouts, encoding, pseudo-instructions
- [Formatos (PT-BR)](docs/pt-BR/format.md)
- [Cache config file reference](docs/en/cache-config.md) — `[cache]` section of `.rcfg`, all fields, LN hierarchy, LLM prompt template

---

## Contributing

Issues and pull requests are welcome. The CPU core, decoder, and assembler are each under ~500 lines and follow a straightforward structure.

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