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Data processing for and with foundation models! 🍎 🍋 🌽 ➡️ ➡️🍸 🍹 🍷

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# Data-Juicer: The Data Operating System for the Foundation Model Era

 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/py-data-juicer"><img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/py-data-juicer?logo=pypi&color=026cad" alt="PyPI"></a>
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 <a href="https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/📖_Docs-Website-026cad" alt="Docs"></a>
 <a href="https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs/Operators.html"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🧩_Operators-200+-blue" alt="Operators"></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-hub"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/🍳_Recipes-50+-brightgreen" alt="Recipes"></a>
 
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 <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14755"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/NeurIPS'25_Spotlight-2.0-B31B1B?logo=arxiv" alt="Paper"></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer">
 <img src="https://img.shields.io/endpoint?style=flat&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgist.githubusercontent.com%2FHYLcool%2Ff856b14416f08f73d05d32fd992a9c29%2Fraw%2Ftotal_cov.json&label=coverage&logo=codecov&color=4c1" alt="Coverage">
 </a>

Multimodal | Cloud-Native | AI-Ready | Large-Scale

Data-Juicer (DJ) transforms raw data chaos into AI-ready intelligence. It treats data processing as *composable infrastructure*—providing modular building blocks to clean, synthesize, and analyze data across the entire AI lifecycle, unlocking latent value in every byte.

Whether you're deduplicating web-scale pre-training corpora, curating agent interaction traces, or preparing domain-specific RAG indices, DJ scales seamlessly from your laptop to thousand-node clusters—no glue code required.

> **Alibaba Cloud PAI** has deeply integrated Data-Juicer into its data processing products.  See **[Quickly submit a DataJuicer job](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/pai/user-guide/quickly-submit-a-datajuicer-task)**.

---

## 🚀 Quick Start

**Zero-install exploration**:
- [JupyterLab Playground with Tutorials](http://8.138.149.181/)
- [Ask DJ Copilot](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs_index.html)

**Install & run**:
```bash
uv pip install py-data-juicer
dj-process --config demos/process_simple/process.yaml
```

**Or compose in Python**:
```python
from data_juicer.core.data import NestedDataset
from data_juicer.ops.filter import TextLengthFilter
from data_juicer.ops.mapper import WhitespaceNormalizationMapper

ds = NestedDataset.from_dict({
    "text": ["Short", "This passes the filter.", "Text   with   spaces"]
})
res_ds = ds.process([
    TextLengthFilter(min_len=10),
    WhitespaceNormalizationMapper()
])

for s in res_ds:
    print(s)
```

---

## ✨ Why Data-Juicer?

### 1. Modular & Extensible Architecture
- **200+ operators** spanning text, image, audio, video, and multimodal data
- **Recipe-first**: Reproducible YAML pipelines you can version, share, and fork like code
- **Composable**: Drop in a single operator, chain complex workflows, or orchestrate full pipelines
- **Hot-reload**: Iterate on operators without pipeline restarts

### 2. Full-Spectrum Data Intelligence
- **Foundation Models**: Pre-training, fine-tuning, RL, and evaluation-grade curation
- **Agent Systems**: Clean tool traces, structure context, de-identification, and quality gating
- **RAG & Analytics**: Extraction, normalization, semantic chunking, deduplication, and data profiling

### 3. Production-Ready Performance
- **Scale**: Process 70B samples in 2h on 50 Ray nodes (6400 cores)
- **Efficiency**: Deduplicate 5TB in 2.8h using 1280 cores
- **Optimization**: Automatic OP fusion (2-10x speedup), adaptive parallelism, CUDA acceleration, robustness
- **Observability**: Built-in tracing for debugging, auditing, and iterative improvement

> *⭐ If Data-Juicer saved you time or improved your data work, please consider starring the repo.* It helps more people discover the project and keeps you notified of new releases and features.

---

## 📰 News

<details open>
<summary>[2026-08-07] Release v1.5.5: External OP Plugins; HDFS I/O & Ray Data Optimizations; Elastic Multi-node Sharding</summary>

* 🧩 *External OP Plugins* — Third-party operators can now be shipped as standalone pip packages and auto-registered via Python entry points.
* 🗄️ *HDFS I/O* — Added `hdfs://` support for dataset loading and exporting, aligned with the existing S3 path.
* ⚡ *Ray Data Optimizations* — Removed eager actions that forced premature execution, migrated to the public `TaskPoolStrategy`/`ActorPoolStrategy` APIs, parallelized partitioned execution, preserved elastic actor pool concurrency, and kept partition checkpoints valid across block-layout changes.
* 🌐 *Elastic Multi-node Sharding* — New runnable reference workflow under `demos/elastic_sharding/` that shards large JSONL datasets across nodes via node-local Ray executors, with retries and ordered merge.
* 📊 *Distributed RayAnalyzer* — New `RayAnalyzer` computes and aggregates dataset stats with Ray native operators, avoiding pandas materialization.
* 🧮 *Memory Optimizations* — Streamed n-gram counting in repetition filters and block-wise MinHash permutations cut peak memory (768 → 272 MiB RSS) without changing results.
* 🔧 *Robustness & Dependency Fixes* — Fixed `text_chunk_mapper` delimiter leakage, `calibrate_response_mapper` `output_pattern` handling, and null captions in `image_diffusion_mapper`; added membership operators to `general_field_filter`; relaxed `numpy`/`fsspec`/`pandas` bounds for Python 3.13+ and pyarrow>=17.
</details>

<details open>
<summary>[2026-07-17] Release v1.5.4: HumanVBench Video OPs; Batch-local Stage Fusion; Robustness Fixes</summary>

* 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 *New OPs* — Added 9 human-centric video understanding operators (human track extraction, active-speaker detection, audio ASR, speech emotion & age/gender detection, face demographic & attribute/emotion captioning, face-ratio filtering) for building HumanVBench (CVPR'26)-style pipelines.
* ⚡ *Batch-local Stage Fusion* — New `FusedSequentialBatchOp` fuses consecutive OPs within a batch to cut inter-op overhead and speed up sequential processing.
* 🔧 *Robustness & Install Fixes* — Fixed Ray deduplicator shared-state handling, resolved a relative-path issue in the Ray checkpoint writer, made `clean_html_mapper` robust to null text values, handled boolean stat columns in `ColumnWiseAnalysis`, and unblocked ARM64 (aarch64) installation via precise `decord`/`torchcodec` platform markers.
* 🧪 *Test Coverage & Cleanup* — Expanded tests for utility functions and model handling, plus assorted code cleanup.
</details>

<details>
<summary>[2026-06-26] Release v1.5.3: VLA Ops Enhancements; Ray Repartition Pipeline; Scalability & Robustness</summary>

* 🤖 *VLA Ops Enhancements* — Expanded embodied-AI processing with 10+ new/renamed VLA operators (camera calibration via DeepCalib/DroidCalib/MoGe, atomic action segmentation, hand action computation & motion smoothing, clip reassembly, trajectory overlay, LeRobot export) and a complete VLA pipeline demo.
* 🔄 *Ray Repartition Pipeline* — New `ray_repartition_pipeline` for dataset-level block repartitioning in Ray mode.
* ⚡ *Scalable Ray Data Reads* — Wired `override_num_blocks` through the full call chain for controlling block parallelism on PB-scale datasets.
* 🧪 *Test Coverage Expansion* — Added 409 new test cases across 18 test files.
* 🐳 *Stability & Robustness Fixes* — JSONStreamDatasource schema unification, OP env version resolution, FUSE-safe rmtree for PartitionedRayExecutor, deprecated model name updates, and num_proc handling fixes.
</details>

<details>
<summary>[2026-05-29] Release v1.5.2: Semantic LLM OPs, Cross-doc Line Dedup & Leaner Dependencies</summary>

* 🧹 *New Deduplicator* — Added `DocumentLineDeduplicator` for cross-document line-level dedup, removing boilerplate lines (templates, copyright notices, navigation bars) by global document frequency.
* 🤖 *Agent Data Quality Toolkit* — Shipped interaction-quality OPs & recipe, a bad-case HTML report, and more robust JSONL / HuggingFace meta loading.
* 📦 *Leaner & Faster Install* — Slimmed the default dependency set (Ray, audio, spaCy, av, etc. moved to on-demand extras) to speed up installation.
* 🐳 *Stability & Robustness Fixes* — Library-safe error handling (raise over `exit(1)`), Ray init/temp-dir fixes, valid API params (drop invalid `max_new_tokens`), PyArrow 20+ batch JSON reading, local-path aesthetics model support, and more performance/bug fixes.
* 🧠 *Semantic LLM Operators* — Introduced `llm_extract_mapper`, `llm_condition_filter`, and `llm_structured_ops` with unified `llm_*` naming and configurable inference strategies (join/agg/top-k planned).
</details>

<details>
<summary>[2026-03-17] Release v1.5.1: LaTeX OPs; Compressed Format Support; Operator Robustness Fixes</summary>

* 📄 Two new LaTeX-focused mapper OPs shipped, extending data-juicer's document processing capabilities to handle `.tex` archives and figure contexts.
* 🗜️ Compressed dataset format support: `json[l].gz` files can now be loaded directly, and Ray datasets gain proper support for reading compressed JSON files.
* 📚 New documentation added covering cache, export, and tracing workflows to help users better understand and debug data processing pipelines.
* 🤖 Major refactor and upgrade of data-juicer-agents completed: The project architecture and CLI/session capabilities were comprehensively redesigned for better maintainability and extensibility. See [date-juicer-agents](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-agents) for more details.
</details>

<details>
<summary>[2026-02-12] Release v1.5.0: Partitioned Ray Executor, OP-level Env Management, and More Embodied-AI OPs</summary>

- 🚀 *Enhanced Distributed Execution Framework* -- Introduced partitioned Ray executor and OP-level isolated environments to improve fault tolerance, scalability, and dependency conflict resolution.
- 🤖 *Expanded Embodied AI Video Processing* -- Added specialized operators for camera calibration, video undistortion, hand reconstruction, and pose estimation to strengthen multi-view video handling.
- 💪🏻 *System Performance & Developer Experience Optimizations* -- Enabled batch inference, memory/log reduction, core logic refactoring, and updated documentation/templates.
- 🐳 *Critical Bug Fixes & Stability Improvements* -- Resolved duplicate tracking, parameter conflicts, homepage rendering issues, and outdated docs for higher reliability.
</details>

<details>
<summary>[2026-02-02] Release v1.4.6: Copilot, Video Bytes I/O & Ray Tracing </summary>

- 🤖 *Q&A Copilot* — Now live on our [Doc Site](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/index.html) | [DingTalk](https://qr.dingtalk.com/action/joingroup?code=v1,k1,N78tgW54U447gJP5aMC95B6qgQhlkVQS4+dp7qQq6MpuRVJIwrSsXmL8oFqU5ajJ&_dt_no_comment=1&origin=11?) | [Discord](https://discord.gg/ngQbB9hEVK). Feel free to ask anything related to Data-Juicer ecosystem!
 - Check 🤖 [Data-Juicer Agents](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-agents/blob/main) | 📃 [Deploy-ready codes](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-agents/blob/main/qa-copilot) | 🎬[ More demos](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-agents/blob/main/qa-copilot/DEMO.md) for more details.
- 🎬 *Video Bytes I/O* — Direct bytes processing for video pipelines
- 🫆 *Ray Mode Tracer* — Track changed samples in distributed processing
- 🐳 *Enhancements & fixes* — refreshed Docker image, small perf boosts, GitHub Insights traffic workflow, Ray compatibility updates, and bug/doc fixes.
</details>

View [All Release](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer/releases) and [News Archive](docs/news.md)

---

## 🔌 Users & Ecosystems
> The below list focuses on *developer-facing integration and usages* in *alphabetical order*.
> Missing your project / name? Feel free to [open a PR](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer/pulls) or [reach out](#contributing--community).

Data-Juicer plugs into your existing stack and evolves with community contributions:

### Extensions
- **[data-juicer-agents](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-agents)** — DJ Copilot and agentic workflows
- **[data-juicer-hub](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-hub)** — Community recipes and best practices
- **[data-juicer-sandbox](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-sandbox)** — Data-model co-development with feedback loops

### Frameworks & Platforms
[AgentScope](https://github.com/agentscope-ai/agentscope) · [Apache Arrow](https://github.com/apache/arrow) · [Apache HDFS](https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/HdfsUserGuide.html) · [Apache Hudi](https://hudi.apache.org/) · [Apache Iceberg](https://iceberg.apache.org/) · [Apache Paimon](https://paimon.apache.org/) · [Alibaba PAI](https://www.alibabacloud.com/en/product/machine-learning?_p_lc=1) · [Delta Lake](https://delta.io/) · [DiffSynth-Studio](https://github.com/modelscope/DiffSynth-Studio) · [EasyAnimate](https://github.com/aigc-apps/EasyAnimate) · [Eval-Scope](https://github.com/modelscope/evalscope) · [Huawei Ascend](https://www.huawei.com/en/products/cloud-computing-dc/atlas/ascend) · [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/) · [LanceDB](https://lancedb.github.io/lance/) · [LLaMA-Factory](https://github.com/hiyouga/LLaMA-Factory) · [ModelScope](https://modelscope.cn/) · [ModelScope Swift](https://github.com/modelscope/ms-swift) · [NVIDIA NeMo](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo) · [Ray](https://docs.ray.io/) · [RM-Gallery](https://github.com/modelscope/RM-Gallery) · [Trinity-RFT](https://github.com/modelscope/Trinity-RFT) · [Volcano Engine](https://www.volcengine.com/)

### Industry
Alibaba Group, Ant Group, BYD Auto, ByteDance, DTSTACK, JD.com, NVIDIA, OPPO, Xiaohongshu, Xiaomi, Ximalaya, and more.

### Academia
CAS, Nanjing University, Peking University, RUC, Tsinghua University, UCAS, Zhejiang University, and more.

###  Contributing & Community
We believe in *building together*. Whether you're fixing a typo, crafting a new operator, or sharing a breakthrough recipe, every contribution shapes the future of data processing.

We welcome contributions at all levels:
- **[Good First Issues](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer/labels/good%20first%20issue)** — Add operators, improve docs, report issues, or fix bugs
- **[Developer Guide](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs/DeveloperGuide.html)** — Optimize engines, add features, or enhance core infrastructure
- **[DJ-Hub](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-hub)** — Share knowledge: recipes, papers, and best practices
- **Connect**: [Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/data-juicer/shared_invite/zt-23zxltg9d-Z4d3EJuhZbCLGwtnLWWUDg) · [DingTalk](https://qr.dingtalk.com/action/joingroup?code=v1,k1,N78tgW54U447gJP5aMC95B6qgQhlkVQS4+dp7qQq6MpuRVJIwrSsXmL8oFqU5ajJ&_dt_no_comment=1&origin=11?) · [Discord](https://discord.gg/ngQbB9hEVK)

| Discord | DingTalk |
|:---:|:---:|
| <img src="https://gw.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN011Oj8CB1f8Bw5JpgJA_!!6000000003961-0-tps-762-769.jpg" width="100"> | <img src="https://gw.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/O1CN01bBPoaX1EwZsiYudtd_!!6000000000416-2-tps-656-660.png" width="100"> |

Data-Juicer is made possible by the users and community:
- **Initiated by**: Alibaba Tongyi Lab
- **Co-developed with**: Alibaba Cloud PAI, Anyscale (Ray team), Sun Yat-sen University, NVIDIA (NeMo team), and [contributors worldwide](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer/graphs/contributors)
- **Inspired by**: Apache Arrow, Ray, Hugging Face Datasets, BLOOM, RedPajama-Data, ...

---

## Documentation

For detailed documentation, please see [here](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs_index.html).

**Quick Links:**
- **[operator zoo](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs/Operators.html)** — Browse 200+ operators with examples
- **[Agent interaction quality & bad-case](demos/agent/README.md)** — In-repo recipe, JSONL pipeline, HTML report (`demos/agent/`; operators such as `agent_bad_case_signal_mapper` are also listed in [docs/Operators.md](docs/Operators.md))
- **[data-juicer-hub](https://github.com/datajuicer/data-juicer-hub)** — Community-driven recipes and best practices
- **[developer guide](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs/DeveloperGuide.html)** — Build your own code and contribute to DJ
- **[data-juicer-cookbook](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs/tutorial/DJ-Cookbook.html)** — resource archive
- **[awesome_llm_data](https://datajuicer.github.io/data-juicer/en/main/docs/awesome_llm_data)** —  “Awesome List” for data-model co-development

---

## 📄 License & Attribution

Data-Juicer is released under the [Apache License 2.0](LICENSE).
Attribution is appreciated: please use our [badge](https://dail-wlcb.oss-cn-wulanchabu.aliyuncs.com/data_juicer/assets/DJ-Org-Logo.jpeg), or text as "This project uses Data-Juicer: https://github.com/datajuicer".

---

## 📖 Citation
If you find Data-Juicer useful in your work, please cite:

```bibtex
@inproceedings{djv1,
  title={Data-Juicer: A One-Stop Data Processing System for Large Language Models},
  author={Chen, Daoyuan and Huang, Yilun and Ma, Zhijian and Chen, Hesen and Pan, Xuchen and Ge, Ce and Gao, Dawei and Xie, Yuexiang and Liu, Zhaoyang and Gao, Jinyang and Li, Yaliang and Ding, Bolin and Zhou, Jingren},
  booktitle={SIGMOD},
  year={2024}
}

@article{djv2,
  title={Data-Juicer 2.0: Cloud-Scale Adaptive Data Processing for and with Foundation Models},
  author={Chen, Daoyuan and Huang, Yilun and Pan, Xuchen and Jiang, Nana and Wang, Haibin and Zhang, Yilei and Ge, Ce and Chen, Yushuo and Zhang, Wenhao and Ma, Zhijian and Huang, Jun and Lin, Wei and Li, Yaliang and Ding, Bolin and Zhou, Jingren},
  journal={NeurIPS},
  year={2025}
}
```

<details>
<summary>More Publications (Click to expand)</summary>

- (ICML'25 Spotlight) [Data-Juicer Sandbox: A Feedback-Driven Suite for Multimodal Data-Model Co-development](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11784)

- (CVPR'25) [ImgDiff: Contrastive Data Synthesis for Vision Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04594)

- (TPAMI'25) [The Synergy between Data and Multi-Modal Large Language Models: A Survey from Co-Development Perspective](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.08583)

- (NeurIPS'25) [Diversity as a Reward: Fine-Tuning LLMs on a Mixture of Domain-Undetermined Data](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.04380)

- (NeurIPS'25) [MindGYM: What Matters in Question Synthesis for Thinking-Centric Fine-Tuning?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09499)

- (CVPR'26) [HumanVBench: Exploring Human-Centric Video Understanding Capabilities of MLLMs with Synthetic Benchmark Data](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17574)

- (ICML'26) [DetailMaster: Can Your Text-to-Image Model Handle Long Prompts?](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2505.16915)

- (Data Scaling) [BiMix: A Bivariate Data Mixing Law for Language Model Pretraining](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14908)

</details>

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