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pitfall

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Pulumi Integration Testing Framework

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# Pulumi Integration Test Framework

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_pitfall_ is a Python integration testing framework for [Pulumi](https://github.com/pulumi/pulumi) Infrastructure as Code. It enables and encourages end to end testing to avoid errors, assumptions, and other pitfalls.

**Note:** This project is no longer maintained. See: [#14](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/issues/14)

## Installation

_pitfall_ can be installed via pip:

$ pip install pitfall

## Compatibility

_pitfall_ has been tested against versions 1.2.0 - 1.4.0 of Pulumi and will strive to work with the latest Pulumi release.

**Warning**: this is alpha software. There are no guarantees of backwards compatibility.

## Usage

_pitfall_ is intended to be used in integration tests to verify the desired state of infrastructure provisioned by Pulumi.

It will do the following:

* create a temp directory to store Pulumi code and state
* copy the contents of the current directory (and all subdirectories) to the temp directory
* move into the temp directory
* create a new Pulumi project file: `Pulumi.yaml`
* create a new Pulumi stack file: `Pulumi.<stack name>.yaml`
* initialize a new Pulumi state file in `.pulumi/`
* install Pulumi plugins
* execute `pulumi preview`
* execute `pulumi up`
* execute `pulumi destroy`
* delete the temp directory

_pitfall_ supports a [context manager](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#context-managers) to automatically do the above.

_pitfall_ does not use the Pulumi Service backend.

### Examples

1. [Basic S3 Example](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/blob/master/examples/basic-s3/README.md) - provision a AWS S3 bucket and verify that required tags have been set on it
2. [Advanced S3 Example](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/blob/master/examples/advanced-s3/README.md) - provision a AWS S3 bucket to host a static website and verify that it's functional
3. [AWS VPC ComponentResource Example](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/blob/master/examples/aws-vpc/README.md) - provision a AWS VPC using a ComponentResource

### Features

#### Context Manager

_pitfall_ includes a context manager to automatically setup a test and execute the Pulumi workflow:

```python
from pitfall import PulumiConfigurationKey, PulumiIntegrationTest

directory = '/path/to/pulumi/code'
opts      = PulumiIntegrationTestOptions(cleanup=True, preview=True, up=True, destroy=True)

with PulumiIntegrationTest(directory=directory, opts=opts) as t:
    pass
```

The context manager will create a temporary directory for the test, copy the entire contents of `directory` to the temporary directory, generate the Pulumi Project and Stack files, initialize a new Pulumi local state file, install Pulumi plugins, and execute `pulumi preview`, `pulumi up`, and `pulumi destroy`. Upon exit, the context manager will delete the temporary directory.

To control automatic execution of Pulumi commands, temporary directory deletion, and verbosity, set desired options with [PulumiIntegrationTestOptions](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/blob/master/pitfall/core.py#L36).

#### Configuration and Secrets

_pitfall_ supports Pulumi [Configuration and Secrets](https://www.pulumi.com/docs/intro/concepts/config/):

```python
from pitfall import PulumiConfigurationKey, PulumiIntegrationTest
import os

dbpassword = os.urandom(32)

config = [
    PulumiConfigurationKey(name='aws:region', value="us-east-1"),
    PulumiConfigurationKey(name='dbpassword', value=dbpassword, encrypted=True)
]

t = PulumiIntegrationTest(config=config)

t.setup()
```

When `t.setup()` is called, the Pulumi stack file (`Pulumi.<stack name>.yaml`) will automatically be created with the supplied configuration. Configuration keys are automatically namespaced with the name of the Pulumi Project and Secrets are encryped using the password set by the environment variable `PULUMI_CONFIG_PASSPHRASE`:

```
$ cat Pulumi.pitf-stack-91c13928d11648be.yaml

config:
  aws:region: us-east-1
  pitf-project-99c24db7cc324cf9:dbpassword:
    secure: v1:6UEXewJReYiPCgrg:fOFTB4ODFyZB0bvHA2lhoZJ3khCOQCkX8n5OhLXjgSECbu+WrcIQ+wl0HaZhZ/4v
encryptionsalt: v1:GEHe83S30O0=:v1:s8vb7cVFSz64pUmv:Ff5AbbcbTSim8cBwDCQCwraGHEQQ/A==
```

#### Pulumi State

_pitfall_ exposes the Pulumi state as a Python object [PulumiState](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/blob/master/pitfall/state.py#L39). Both the current and previous state are accessible as Class properties. The resources in the current state file can be viewed and searched:

```python
t = PulumiIntegrationTest()

resources = t.state.resources

for i in resources:
    print(i.urn, i.id, i.type)

resources.providers  # {"pulumi:providers:aws": 1}

resources.types  # {"aws:s3/bucket:Bucket": 1, "pulumi:pulumi:Stack": 1}

results = resources.lookup(key="type", value="aws:s3/bucket:Bucket")

s3_bucket = results[0]

print(s3_bucket.id)  # pitfall-basic-example-649ce5f

print(s3_bucket.outputs["arn"])  # arn:aws:s3:::pitfall-basic-example-649ce5f
```

#### Stack Outputs

_pitfall_ collects Pulumi [Stack outputs](https://www.pulumi.com/docs/intro/concepts/programming-model/#stack-outputs), so that they can be accessed in tests:

```python
with PulumiIntegrationTest(directory=directory, opts=opts) as t:
    outputs = t.get_stack_outputs()

s3_bucket_arn = outputs["s3_bucket"]["arn"]
```

#### Resources Graph

_pitfall_ can export the resources in the Pulumi state file as a DOT file:

```python
with PulumiIntegrationTest(directory=directory, opts=opts) as t:
    resources = t.state.resources
    resources.export_dotfile(filename='~/graph.dot')
```

View the DOT file:
```
$ cat ~/graph.dot

digraph tree {
    "pulumi:pulumi:Stack";
    "aws:s3/bucket:Bucket (pitfall-basic-example-649ce5f)";
    "pulumi:pulumi:Stack" -> "aws:s3/bucket:Bucket (pitfall-basic-example-649ce5f)";
}
```

This DOT file can then be viewed using the `dot` command or online at [webgraphviz.com](http://www.webgraphviz.com/).

#### Test Helpers

_pitfall_ includes useful helper classes and functions that can be used in integration tests. These can be found under [pitfall/helpers](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/tree/master/pitfall/helpers).

### Environment Variables

The following environment variables are supported:

| Environment Variable | Default Value | Description
| -------- | -------- | --------
| PULUMI_HOME | `~/.pulumi` | the location of Pulumi's home directory
| PULUMI_CONFIG_PASSPHRASE | `pulumi` | the password for encrypting secrets

If they are set, they will be inherited by _pitfall_.

## Documentation

TODO

## Testing

[nose2](http://nose2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) is used for unit and integration testing.

`pulumi` must be installed for tests to pass.

### Unit Tests

Unit tests are located in `/tests`.

To run the unit tests:

$ make test

### End to End Tests

End to end tests are located in `e2e/`.

1. testing using [localstack](https://github.com/localstack/localstack)

e2e tests that use localstack are located in `e2e/localstack`. These tests require localstack running locally in a container.

To run localstack:

$ make run-localstack

Run the e2e tests:

$ make e2e-test-localstack

2. testing using [AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/)

e2e tests that use AWS are located in `e2e/aws`. These tests require an AWS account and valid AWS API keys.

Run the e2e tests:

$ make e2e-test-aws

## Contributing

We encourage the following contributions at this time: user feedback, documentation, bug reports, and feature requests.

## Acknowledgement

_pitfall_ was built upon the Python libraries listed in its [Pipfile](https://github.com/bincyber/pitfall/blob/master/Pipfile).

## License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

pitfall

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