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GNARL is Not A RileyLink

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# GNARL is Not A RileyLink

![TTGO LoRa OLED v1](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ecc1/gnarl/main/images/ttgo.png)

## Warning

This repository contains **very preliminary** code, intended for
collaboration among developers. It **is not ready** for end users
and may be subject to rebasing without notice.

## Hardware

This project has been developed and tested on
a TTGO version 1 ESP32 868/915 MHz LoRa OLED module,
which contains an ESP32 SoC, an RFM95 LoRa radio,
a 128x64 pixel SSD1306 OLED display, and a LiPo battery charger. The
version without OLED display is supported as well (see below in "Software
Setup").

The module has two push-buttons.
One is hard-wired to reset the board;
the other is available as an input or interrupt source.

They are available from [AliExpress,](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/2pcs-TTGO-LORA32-Lora-868Mhz-ESP32-LoRa-OLED-0-96-Inch-Blue-Display-Bluetooth-WIFI-ESP/32839249834.html)
[Banggood,](https://www.banggood.com/2Pcs-Wemos-TTGO-LORA32-868915Mhz-ESP32-LoRa-OLED-0_96-Inch-Blue-Display-p-1239769.html)
and numerous others.

### *TTGO version 2 module is not supported*

The current code does not work on the TTGO version 2 module due to
different pin assignments.

## Radios

The ESP32 SoC contains both WiFi and Bluetooth radios.

The radio chip ([HopeRF RFM95](https://www.hoperf.com/modules/lora/RFM95.html) /
[Semtech SX1276](https://www.semtech.com/products/wireless-rf/lora-transceivers/sx1276))
is marketed for LoRa applications, but also supports OOK and FSK modulation.
The OOK capability is used by this project to communicate with Medtronic insulin pumps.
It may also be possible to use the FSK support and a 433 MHz version
of the module to communicate with OmniPod insulin pumps:
if anyone pursues that, please let me know.

## Hardware Setup

### Antenna

Attach an appropriate antenna to the U.FL connector on the module
before using this software.

### Power

The module can be powered via the micro-USB connector or with a 3.7V
LiPo battery.

The battery connects to a 2-pin female JST 1.25mm connector.
Note that this is smaller than the 2.0mm connectors used on Adafruit and
SparkFun LiPo batteries.

## Software Setup

### Initialize git submodules

This repository contains git submodules (currently just one, in the `lib` subdirectory).
Unless you cloned this repository with the `--recursive` option,
those submodules won't be initialized yet.
Use this command to initialize them:
```
git submodule update --init --recursive
```

and this command to check their status:
```
git submodule status --recursive
```

### Set up a local ESP32 development environment

1. [Follow these instructions to install the ESP-IDF development environment.](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.0/esp32/get-started/index.html#installation-step-by-step)

1. Build and flash one of the example applications to make sure you have a working setup.

### Alternative: Use the ESP-IDF Docker image

1. Run `docker pull espressif/idf:v5.0` to download the ESP-IDF image.
[See this page for additional information.](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.0/esp32/api-guides/tools/idf-docker-image.html)

### Disable OLED support if necessary

OLED use is defined in `include/module.h` and must be commented out if no OLED is available:

// #define OLED_ENABLE

## Building GNARL

1. Type `make` in the top level of this repository.

1. Change to the `project` subdirectory.

1. If using Docker, start an interactive ESP-IDF container for the build by running
`docker run -it --rm -v $PWD:/project -w /project --device /dev/ttyUSB0 espressif/idf:v5.0`

1. Build the project by running `idf.py build`

1. Flash the project to your ESP32 module by running `idf.py flash`

## Running GNARL

Run [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/) on your iPhone
or run the [dev branch of AndroidAPS](https://github.com/MilosKozak/AndroidAPS) on your Android phone.
GNARL should show up when you scan for a RileyLink.

GNARL will show messages on the OLED display when your phone
connects and disconnects. Pushing the button will display the current
status. GNARL may not respond to the button press immediately if it is
communicating with the pump, due to scheduling priorities.

## Building the other applications

This repository contains a few applications ("projects" in ESP-IDF terminology) besides GNARL:

* `bletest` is a simple BLE server that can be queried with a tool like
  [nRF Connect](https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-Tools/Development-Tools/nRF-Connect-for-mobile)

* `blink` blinks the onboard LED

* `mmtune` finds the frequency at which the pump responds
  with the strongest signal and displays the results graphically

* `nightscout` retrieves recent entries from a Nightscout server and
  prints them on the serial console

* `oledtest` draws text in various sizes on the OLED display

* `pumpclock` retrieves the time from a Medtronic insulin pump and
  uses it to display a digital clock

* `pumpstat` displays the status of a Medtronic insulin pump when you press the button

* `regtest` reads the RFM69 registers and prints them on the serial console

* `sleep` uses the ESP32 "lightweight sleep" mode and wakes up when a
  timer goes off or the button is pressed

* `sniffer` receives Medtronic packets and prints them on the serial console

* `wifi` connects to a WiFi network, obtains an IP address, and prints
  it on the serial console

To build the `blink` application, for example:

1. In the top level of this repository, type `make blink`

1. Change to the `project` directory

1. Follow the same steps as above for building and flashing

After flashing applications that print information on the serial console,
run `idf.py monitor` to see the output.

### Pump-specific configuration

Some of the applications require the pump serial number or frequency
to be defined in the `include/pump_config.h` file.
It should look like this:

#define PUMP_ID		"123456"	// pump serial number (note that this is a string constant)
	#define PUMP_FREQUENCY	916500000	// pump frequency
	#define MMTUNE_START	916300000	// starting frequency for mmtune scans

### Network configuration

The network configuration for WiFi or Bluetooth tethering must be hard-coded in the `include/network_config.h` file.
For WiFi, define the following:

#define WIFI_SSID	"network name"
	#define WIFI_PASSWORD	"network password"

For Bluetooth tethering, define the following:

#define USE_BLUETOOTH_TETHERING
	#define TETHER_ADDRESS	"12:34:56:78:9A:BC"

The Bluetooth tethering code currently requires
[the BlueKitchen Bluetooth stack.](https://github.com/bluekitchen/btstack)
Follow [these instructions](https://github.com/bluekitchen/btstack/blob/master/port/esp32/README.md)
to integrate it into your ESP-IDF environment.
If you are using Docker, start your Docker container with a bind-mount for the btstack source tree, so you can integrate it once the container is running.

### Nightscout configuration

Nightscout server information must be defined in `include/nightscout_config.h` as follows:

// DNS hostname, not a URL
	#define NIGHTSCOUT_HOST		"your.nightscout.hostname"

// 40-character SHA-1 hash of your Nightscout API secret
	#define NIGHTSCOUT_API_SECRET	"0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567"

The SSL layer requires the root certificate used by the Nightscout
server to be available at compile time in the file `include/root_cert.pem`.
You can extract it from the output of this command:

openssl s_client -showcerts -connect NIGHTSCOUT_HOST:443 </dev/null

The root certificate is the last one in the chain.

### Papertrail configuration

Papertrail logging information must be defined in `include/papertrail_config.h` as follows:

#define PAPERTRAIL_HOST	"xyz.papertrailapp.com"
	#define PAPERTRAIL_PORT	12345

### Time zone configuration

The local time zone must be hard-coded in the `include/timezone_config.h` file.
For example:

#define TZ	"EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0"

The time zone must be in one of the first two formats
[specified here.](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html)
Unfortunately, the friendly "America/New_York" format is *not* supported.

gnarl

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