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C-CPP-Programming

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C/C++ Programming for Beginners (Basic to Advance)

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> <h1>⚠️ Warning: This repository was moved to <a href="https://github.com/The-Young-Programer/C-CPP-Programming">this one</a>. The owner of project losed his accont, then he will now update everything there...</h1>

C/C++ Programming for Beginners Basic to Advance 
</h1>

<a id="contents"></a>
 ## Contents : 
 
Visit <a href="https://c-cpp-programming.netlify.app/" target="_blank"> here </a> for full course

`> Click the drop-down to view the outline`

<details><summary>Introduction</summary>
 
 - [Introduction to C++](#introduction-to-c++)
 
 - [Introduction to C](#introducion-to-c)
 
 - [Differences](#differences) 
 
 - [Compiler](#compiler)
 
</details>

<details><summary>C++ Basics</summary>
 
 - [Syntax](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md/#syntax)
 
 - [Comments](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Variables](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)

- [Keywords](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Data Types](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Operators](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [IF Statement](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Switch](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Loop Type](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Pointer](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Arrays](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Functons](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [Structure](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
 - [File Handling](/Tutorials/C%2B%2B%20Basic%20Tutorials/Tutorial.md)
 
</details>

<details><summary>C++ Advance (GUI)</summary>
 Visit <a href="https://cppprogramming.netlify.app/" target="_blank"> here </a> for full course
</details>

<details><summary>C Basics</summary>
 
 - [Syntax](/Tutorials/C%20Basic%20Tutorials/README.md)
 
 - [Comments](#comments)
 
 - [Variables](#variables)

- [Keywords](#keywords)
 
 - [Data Types](#data-types)
 
 - [Operators](#operators)
 
 - [IF Statement](#if-statement) 
 
 - [Switch](#switch)
 
 - [Loop Type](#loop-type)
 
 - [Pointer](#pointer)
 
 - [Arrays](#arrays)
 
 - [Functons](#functions)
 
 - [Structure](#structure)
 
 - [File Handling](#file-handling)
 
</details>

<details><summary>C Advance (GUI)</summary>
 Visit <a href="https://cppprogramming.netlify.app/" target="_blank"> here </a> for full course
</details>
 
 <details><summary>Projects</summary>

- <details><summary>C++ Projects</summary>

- [A Login and Registration System](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/A%20Login%20and%20Registration%20System)
    
      - [AIO Calculator](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/AIO%20Calculator)
 
      - [Bank Management system ](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Bank%20Management%20System)
    
      - [CPP Magic Text](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/CPP%20Magic%20Text)
    
      - [Calculate CGPA and GPA](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Calculate%20CGPA%20and%20GPA)

- [Encryption and Decryption of Text](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Guessing%20Game)

- [Guessing Game](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Guessing%20Game)

- [Hotel Management System](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Hotel%20Management%20System)

- [Supermarket Billing System](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Supermarket%20Billing%20System)

- [Temperature-calculator](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Basic/Temperature-calculator)
 
 - [Basic Calculator (GUI)](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%2B%2B%20Projects/Advance%20(GUI)/Basic%20Calculator%20(GUI))
 
 
 </details>

- <details><summary>C Projects</summary>

- [Avoid Missile](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%20Projects/Basic/Avoid%20Missile)
    
      - [Love-Calculator](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%20Projects/Basic/Love-Calculator)

- [Modern Periodic Table](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%20Projects/Basic/Modern%20Periodic%20Table)
    
      - [Tic Tac Toe Game](https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/tree/main/Projects/C%20Projects/Basic/Tic%20Tac%20Toe%20Game)

</details>

<details><summary>Download App</summary>
 
 - [For Android](https://playstore.com)
 - [For IOS](https://appstore.com)

</details>

- [How To Contribute](#how-to-contribute)
  - [Contributors](#contributors)
  - [Info](#info)

<a id="introduction-to-c++"></a>
 
 <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-00599C?style=flat&logo=c%2B%2B&logoColor=white">
 
## Introduction to C++ [🔝](#contents)

What is C++ Programming Language ?

* C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications.

* C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

* It is developed at AT and T's Bell Lab (USA) in 1979

* The language was updated 4 major times in 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2020 to C++11, C++14, C++17, C++20.

* C++ is fun and easy to learn!

* As C++ is close to C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to C++ or vice versa.

Application of C++

* Developing Games

* Operating Syatems
  
* Compilers and Editors

* Database Systems and Interpreters

* Graphics Packages

* Network Drivers

### C++ compiler /IDE

To start using C++, you need two things:

- A text editor, like Notepad, to write C++ code
- A compiler, like GCC, to translate the C++ code into a language that the computer will understand

An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is used to edit AND compile the code.

Popular IDE's include:
 `Code::Blocks`, `Eclipse`, and `Visual Studio Code`.
 These are all free, and they can be used to both edit and debug C++ code.

I will be using `Visual Studio Code` in this Project, which I believe is a good place to start.

You can find the latest version of VSCode at https://code.visualstudio.com/.

Follow this <a href="https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/C-CPP-Programming/blob/main/Projects/README.md" target="_blank"> process to install and setup VSCode </a>, which will install the text editor with a compiler.

### Quick Start :

- Let's create our first C++ file.
- Open **VSCode** and go to File > New Text File.
- Write the following C++ code and save the file as **myfirstprogram.cpp** (File > Save File as):

```
// myfirstprogram.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
 cout << "Hello World!";
 return 0;
}
```

- In VSCode, it should look like this:

![Screenshot 2023-04-22 110959](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/79866006/233777816-5a669708-3c91-42ad-b50a-4da5e4916cd9.png)

- Then, go to Run > Run to run (execute) the program. 
- **Congratulations!** You have now written and executed your first C++ program.

## Introduction to C [🔝](#contents)

What is C Programming Language ?

* C is a general-purpose programming language created by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972.

* It is a very popular language, despite being old.

* C is strongly associated with UNIX, as it was developed to write the UNIX operating system.

* Both C/C++ has the same features and applications

**NOTE**
C and C++ uses the same compiler and IDE

### Quick Start :

- Let's create our first C file.
- Open **VSCode** and go to File > New Text File.
- Write the following C code and save the file as **myfirstprogram.c** (File > Save File as):

```
// myfirstprogram.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
 printf("Hello World!");
 return 0;
}
```
 
<a id="differences"></a>
 <hr> 
 
## Differences between <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C-00599C?style=flat&logo=c&logoColor=white"> and <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-00599C?style=flat&logo=c%2B%2B&logoColor=white"> [🔝](#contents)

* C++ was developed as an extension of C, and both languages have almost the same syntax.

* The main difference between C and C++ is that C++ support classes and objects, while C does not.

<a id="compiler"></a>
 <hr> 
 
 ## C++/C Compiler on different OS [🔝](#contents)
 
 
 For Windows, Linux and MacOS

* Install `VSCode` by going to there official website, <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/">VSCode</a>
 
 
 For Andriod OS

* Install `C4Droid` on playstore, <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.n0n3m4.droidc">C4Droid</a>
 
 
 For IOS

* Visit Appstore and download <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/c-c-program-compiler/id1160868782">C/C++ Program Compiler</a>
 
 
 <!--
 <hr> 
 <a id="syntax"></a>
 <h2 align="center">C++ Basic <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-00599C?style=flat&logo=c%2B%2B&logoColor=white"></h2>

### C++ Syntax
 
1. Let's break up the following code to understand it better:
 
 ```
 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// main() is where program execution begins.
int main() {
 cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
 return 0;
}
 ```
 
 Example Explained:
 
**Line 1:** `#include <iostream>` is a header file library that lets us work with input and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add functionality to C++ programs.

**Line 2:**  `using namespace std` means that we can use names for objects and variables from the standard library.
  
 **Line 3:**  A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we use it to make the code more readable.

**Line 4:**  Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is `int main()`. This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

**Line 5:** `cout` (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In our example it will output "Hello World".

**Note:**  Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

**Note:** The body of `int main()` could also been written as:
``` int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; } ```

**Remember:**  The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines makes the code more readable.

**Line 6:**  `return 0` ends the main function.

**Line 7:** Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket `}` to actually end the main function.

#### Escape Sequence in C++
 
| Escape Sequence            |                    Description                |
| -------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------: |
| \n   or  endl              |    To insert a new line or to break lines     |
| \n\n                       |         create a blank line                   |
|      \t                    |         Creates a horizontal tab              |
|       \\                   |   Inserts a backslash character (\)           |
|         \"                 |         Inserts a double quote character      |

<a id="comment"></a>
 <hr> 
 
 ## Comment in C++
 
 * Comments can be used to explain C++ code, and to make it more readable. 
 * It can also be used to prevent execution when testing alternative code.
 * Comments can be singled-lined or multi-lined.
 
 1. Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).
 
 ```
 // This is a comment
cout << "Hello World!";
 ```
 
 2. Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.
 
 ```
 /* The code below will print the words Hello World!
to the screen, and it is amazing */
cout << "Hello World!";
 ```
 
 <a id="variables"></a>
 <hr> 
 
## Variables in C++
 
1. **Variables are containers for storing data values.**

In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different keywords), for example:

* `int` - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123
* `double` - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
* `char` - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by single quotes
* `string` - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by double quotes
* `bool` - stores values with two states: true or false
 
2. **To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a value:**

`type variableName = value;`
 
 **Note:** Where `type` is one of C++ types (such as `int`), and `variableName` is the name of the variable (such as x or myName). The equal sign is used to assign values to the variable.
 
 **Example 1**

Create a variable called x of type int and assign it the value 15:
```
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
 int myNum = 15;
 cout << myNum;
 return 0;
}

```

**Example 2**

To add a variable to another variable, you can use the + operator:
```
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
 int x = 5;
 int y = 6;
 int sum = x + y;
 cout << sum;
 return 0;
}
```
 
3. **Variable Declaration: Rules to declare a variable**

* The first letter of a variable should be alphabet or underscore (_)
 * The first letter of a variable should not be digit
 * Names are case sensitive (`myVar` and `myvar` are different variables)
 * After first character it may be a combination of alphabets and digits
 * Blank sapces are not allowed in varaibles name
 * Variable name should not be a keyword
 
 
4. **To declare more than one variable of the same type, use a comma-separated list:**
 
```
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
 int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50; 
 cout << x + y + z;
 return 0;
}

```
 
 5. **Constants in C++:**
 
* When you do not want others (or yourself) to override existing variable values, use the `const` keyword (this will declare the variable as **"constant"**, which means unchangeable and read-only)
* You should always declare the variable as constant when you have values that are unlikely to change
 
 ```
 const int minutesPerHour = 60;
const float PI = 3.14;
 ```
 
 <a id="data-types"></a>
 <hr> 
 
 ## Data Types
 
 * As explained in the <a id="variables">Variables</a> chapter, a variable in C++ must be a specified data type
 * The data type specifies the size and type of information the variable will store
 
 ```
 #include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
int main () {
 // Creating variables
 int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number)
 float myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number
 double myDoubleNum = 9.98; // Floating point number
 char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
 bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean
 string myString = "Hello"; // String
 
 // Print variable values
 cout << "int: " << myNum << "\n";
 cout << "float: " << myFloatNum << "\n";
 cout << "double: " << myDoubleNum << "\n";
 cout << "char: " << myLetter << "\n";
 cout << "bool: " << myBoolean << "\n";
 cout << "string: " << myString << "\n";
 
 return 0;
}

```
 
 
#### Basic Data Types in C++
 
| Data Type | Size | Description |
| ---------------- | :------------:|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
| `boolean` | 1 byte | Stores true or false values |
| `char` | 1 byte | Stores a single character/number |
| `int` | 2 or 4 bytes | Stores whole numbers, without decimals |
| `float` | 4 bytes | Stores fractional numbers, containing one or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 7 decimal digits |
| `double` | 8 bytes | Stores fractional numbers, containing one or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits | 
 
 
 <a id="operators"></a>
 <hr> 
 
 ## Operators in C++
 
 * **Operator:** Its a special symbol use to perform logical or mathematical operation on data or variables.
 * **Operand:** Its a data type or variable on which the operation is to be performed.
 * **Types of Operator:**
 - [Arithmetic Operators](#operators1)
 - [Relational Operators](#operators2)
 - [Logiacl Operators](#opeartors3)
 - [Assignment Operators](#operators4)
 - [Bitwise Operators](#operators5)
 - [Increment/Decrement Operators](#operators6)
 - [Conditinal Operators](#operators7)
 - [Special Operators](#operators8)
 
 #### <a id="operators1">Arithmetic Operators</a>
 
 | Symbol | Operations | Example |
| -------------- | :-----------------:|:--------------: |
| + | Addition | x+y |
| - | Subtraction | x-y |
| * | Multiplication | x*y |
| / | Division | x/y |
| % | Modulus | x%y | 
 
 ```
 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
 int x = 5,y = 3;
 cout<<(x+y)<<"\n";
 cout<<(x-y)<<"\n";
 cout<<(x*y)<<"\n";
 cout<<(x/y)<<"\n";
 cout<<(x%y)<<"\n";//%(modulus) holds remainder
 return 0;
}
 
 ```
 
 #### <a id="operators2">Relational Operators</a> 
 
 
 | Symbol | Operations | Example |
| -------------- | :-----------------:|:--------------: |
| == | Equal to | 2==3 returns 0 |
| != | Not equal to | 2!=3 returns 1 |
| > | Greater than | 2>3 returns 0 |
| < | Less than | 2<3 returns 1 |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | 2>=3 returns 0 | 
| <= | Less than or equal to | 2<=3 returns 1 |
 
 
 #### <a id="operators3">Logiacl Operators</a>
 
 | Symbol | Operations | Example |
| --------------- | :-----------------:|:---------------:|
| `&&` | Logical AND | if(x>y&&x>z) |
| `II` | Logical OR | if(x>y||x>z) |
| `!` | Logical NOT | if(!(x>y)) |
 
 
| | |
| --------------- |:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
| (x>y)&&(x>z) | Here this espression returns `true` if both conditions are `true` |
| (x>y)II(x>z) | Here this esppression returns `true` if any one or both conditions are `true` |
| !(x>y) | Not operator reversse the state, means if the condition is `true` it reurns `false` and if the condition is `false` it returns `true`|

```
 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
 int x=10,y50,z=30;
 if(x>y&&x>z)
 cout<<" x is greatest";
 if(y>x&&y>z)
 cout<<" y is greatest";
 if(z>x&&z>y)
 cout<<" z is greatest";
 }
 ```
 
 #### <a id="operators4">Assignment Operators</a>
 
 
 
 
 #### <a id="operators5">Bitwise Operators</a>
 
 #### <a id="operators6">Increment/Decrement Operators</a>
 
 
 #### <a id="operators7">Conditinal Operators</a>
 
 #### <a id="operators8">Special Operators</a>
 
 
 
 <a id="if-statement"></a>
 <hr> 
 
 ## IF Statement 
 -->
 
 
 <a id="how-to-contribute"></a>
 <hr> 
 
 ## How to Contribute: [🔝](#contents)
 
 - Just fork the project and clone it into your machine
 - Then make your contribution and upload it to your fork repository
 - Then click on pull request

### Donates to Support 
 <a href="#"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/$-support-12a0df.svg?style=flat"></a>
 <a href="#"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/paypal-donate-yellow.svg"></a>

<a id="contributors"></a>
 
 
 ## Countributors [🔝](#contents)
 
 - <a href="https://github.com/The-Young-Programmer/" target="_blank"> The Young Programmer </a>
 - <a href="https://github.com/Samuel-de-Oliveira" target="_blank"> Samuel de Oliveira </a>
 - <a href="https://github.com/Gabriel160204" target="_blank"> Gabriel160204</a>
 - <a href="https://github.com/tigertv" target="_blank">Max Vetrov</a>

## Info [🔝](#contents)
 
 Join our <a href="https://github.com/TYP-Coding-Class/community/issues/new?assignees=&labels=github-invitation&template=invitation.yml&title=Please+invite+me+to+the+community">GitHub Organization :octocat:</a> and continue to contribute to our Open Source Software ✨
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