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Decode tire pressure monitoring system TPMS BLE 433MHz CC1101 ESP8266 ESP32

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# TPMS External Tire Pressure Monitoring System 433 MHz (CC1101) / Bluetooth BLE (ESP32)

Two pressure sensors (direct external tpms) have been investigated. One model transmits via 433 MHz, the other via Bluetooth BLE.

## 433 MHz
Model https://aliexpress.com/item/1005004439177734.html

Signals are received with rtl_sdr and SDR dongle as protocol 201 "tpms_truck":
https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433/blob/master/src/devices/tpms_truck.c

Previous work has been anticipated:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=stQPjNI7_DA

https://www.hackster.io/jsmsolns/arduino-tpms-tyre-pressure-display-b6e544

Goal was to receive data with ESP8266 and CC1101 and based on RadioLib:

https://jgromes.github.io/RadioLib/

Bitrate of 19200 baud and sync word 0x001a have shown to work fine. Sensors could NOT be activated with trigger tool OEC-T5 EL-50448. Once pressurized they transmit when pressure changes and about once an hour with constant non-zero pressure. Rotation of a bicycle wheel could not trigger transmission.

With RadioLib godmode has been enabled in order to address CC1101 registers directly, since the library does not allow for sync byte = 0x00.

Protocol is described in detail in tpms_truck.c (see above). Example payload is: xxxxxxxx0030f3127e (ID xxxxxxxx, wheel 0, 243 kPa, 18°C).

## Bluetooth BLE
Model https://aliexpress.com/item/1005004504977890.html

Signals are received with SYTPMS app.

Previous work has been anticipated:

https://www.instructables.com/BLE-Direct-Tire-Pressure-Monitoring-System-TPMS-Di/

https://github.com/ra6070/BLE-TPMS

https://forum.arduino.cc/t/arduino-ble-tpms-capteur-pression-pneus/592030/60

https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/76959/how-to-decode-tpms-sensor-data-through-rpi3-bluetooth

With BLE scanner name "BR", service "0x27a5" (pressure psi) and manufacturer data have been received as advertising data. The 7 byte manufacturer data seem to contain sensor readings with format SSBBTTPPPPCCCC:

|field|content|
|---:|-------|
|SS|status|
|BB|battery 1/10 V|
|TT|temperature degC|
|PPPP|(absolute) pressure 1/10 psi|
|CCCC|checksum|

Status byte SS: ARSB2H1y

|bit|content|
|--:|-------|
|A|alarm zero pressure|
|R|rotating|
|S|standing still for about 15min|
|B|begin rotating|
|2|decreasing pressure below 20.7 psi|
|H|rising pressure|
|1|decreasing pressure above 20.7 psi|
|y|unknown|

Once pressurized they transmit when pressure changes and any couple of minutes. Rotation of a bicycle wheel corresponding to about 4 to 8 km/h speed triggered more frequent transmissions.

BLE Advertising Data Payload: Short UUID (16 bit) "0x27a5" (byte 0 to 3, length 3, type 0x03), short name "BR" (byte 4 to 7, length 3, type 0x08), and manufacturer data including checksum (byte 8 to 16, length 8, type 0xff) as shown above. Example payload is: 0303a527 03084252 08ff281d130105a376 (2.9 V, 19°C, 11.6 psi, 3 AD structures: see Assigned Numbers Document https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/)

Sensor data could be received with ESP32 and BLE library.

Two versions to receive BLE data with python are submitted: one based on bluepy library, one based on bleak library. (I need to receive sensor data with my PinePhone, where both examples work.) Issues are: With the bleak example sometimes multiple (including old) data are received. Drawback of bluepy example is that it needs sudo to run. (See https://pypi.org/project/bluepy/ and https://pypi.org/project/bleak/ for details.)

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