Competitive-Programming

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Competitive-Programming

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Problems I solved training for TCPC && Winter Cup :), principally LEETCODE & CODEFORCES solutions.

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# Competitive Programming :high_brightness::high_brightness:
[![C-Programming-Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/C-00599C?style=for-the-badge&logo=c&logoColor=white)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language))
[![C++ Programming Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-00599C?style=for-the-badge&logo=c%2B%2B&logoColor=white)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B)
[![Python-Programming-Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-3776AB?style=for-the-badge&logo=python&logoColor=white)](https://www.python.org/)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

![Competitive Programming Image](https://github.com/strikersps/Competitive-Programming/blob/master/Competitive-Programming-Image.jpg)
## 1. About  
- The repository consists of **Accepted** solutions of the problems asked in Online Judges/Competitive Programming websites like  CodeChef, CodeForces,Leetocode etc in `C, C++, Java` and `Python`.
- To find out the problem statement related to solution, refer to the problem link written at the top of source-code.

## 2. Hello Programmers💻,

## :pushpin::pushpin: What is Competitive Programming? :pushpin::pushpin:

According to me, competitive programming is a sport. A sport based on problem-solving skills, thinking ability, speed testing, regularity and to be precise. Competitive Programming will help you build logic and implement that logic to find solutions to a real-world problem. Brainstorming upon your code will increase your coding skills as well as it will help to expand your thinking capacity. Thus practicing Competitive Programming on day to day basis helps you in mastering that particular language. And believe us, if you are playing this sport regularly, you are already prepared for the technical rounds of the Interviews. So now let's dive into the ocean of **Competitive Programming.**

## Platform to practice Competitive Programming :telescope::telescope:

- #### [HackerRank (Must do for a Beginner)](https://www.hackerrank.com/)
- #### [CodeChef](https://www.codechef.com/)
- #### [CodeForces](https://codeforces.com/)
- #### [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/)
- #### [Project Euler(For Mathematics)](https://projecteuler.net/)
- #### [GeeksForGeeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/)
- #### [LeetCode (For Data-Structures and Algos)](https://leetcode.com/)
- #### [AtCoder](https://atcoder.jp/)
- #### [interviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/)
- #### [Sphere Online Judge(SPOJ)](https://www.spoj.com/)
- #### [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/)
- #### [Leetcode (for monthly challenges)](https://www.leetcode.com/)
- #### [CSES](https://cses.fi/problemset/)
- #### [binarysearch](https://www.binarysearch.com/)
- #### [Coderbyte](https://coderbyte.com/#courses)
## BENEFITS OF COMPETITIVE PROGRAMMING

The skills needed for competitive programming have long-lasting benefits to your career as a developer. There are numerous benefits to participating in competitive programming, including:

Getting hired: Participating in competitive programming can make you a desirable candidate for companies. When you participate in large competitions like the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest, you have a good chance of being on the radar of companies like Apple, Facebook, IBM, Google, and more. Tech companies track competitions and events to find potential employees. Large competitive programming events are extremely prestigious and difficult to succeed in, so if you do well, that is an indicator of your technical talent and abilities. That’s why many companies have sponsored programming competitions.

Teamwork skills: When you participate in these competitions, you will often work in teams, meaning that you learn how to interact with teammates during high-pressure moments. This is an incredibly important skill. When you are working as a software engineer, you will almost always work with other individuals, meaning that companies care a lot about your communication and team skills. Also, most teams will have a leader. If you are the leader of the team, this demonstrates management skills, making you even more of a desirable candidate. Companies want to know that you can work effectively and comfortably with your teammates.

Interview prep: When you are trying to get an engineering job, companies will test you for your knowledge of data structures and algorithms. When you participate in competitive programming, you work to develop an advanced understanding of these concepts. Furthermore, the environment for the coding interview and competitive programming is quite similar. They are both high-pressure environments, in which you have to engage in problem-solving. While many others may not be able to adjust to this environment, your competition experience gives you an advantage.

## Most Famous Programming Contests :crown: :crown:

**Upcomming contests schedule** - https://clist.by/

- [Google KickStart🏆](https://codingcompetitions.withgoogle.com/kickstart)
- [ACM ICPC (Olympics of Programming)🏆](https://icpc.global/)
- [Google CodeJam🏆](https://codingcompetitions.withgoogle.com/codejam)
- [FaceBook Hacker Cup🏆](https://www.facebook.com/hackercup/contest)
- [TCS CodeVita🏆](https://campuscommune.tcs.com/en-in/intro/contests/codevita-season-9)
- [Google HashCode🏆](https://codingcompetitions.withgoogle.com/hashcode/)
- [CodeChef's SnackDown🏆](https://www.codechef.com/snackdown)
- [Coding Block's CodeSule🏆](https://hack.codingblocks.com/app/competitions/1)
- Codechef Long Challenge🏆
- Codechef Cook-Off 🏆
- Codechef Lunchtime🏆
- Codeforces Rounds Div1 & Div2 & Div3 & Educational Codeforces Round🏆

## Books :high_brightness::high_brightness:

- [Competitive Programming 3📚](https://cpbook.net/)
- [Data Structures and Algorithms Made Easy📚](https://www.amazon.in/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Made-Easy/dp/819324527X) - by Narasimha Karumanchi
- [Cracking the Coding Interview📚](http://www.crackingthecodinginterview.com/) - by Gayle Laakmann McDowell
- [CP Handbook By Antti Laaksonen](https://github.com/pllk/cphb/blob/master/book.pdf)
- [USACO Guide by the Competitive Programming Initiative](https://usaco.guide)
- [Competitive Programmer's Handbook](https://cses.fi/book/book.pdf) - by Antti Laaksonen

## Algorithms :high_brightness::high_brightness:

- [CP Algorithms](https://cp-algorithms.com/)
- [Visual Alogorithms](https://visualgo.net/en)

## Code Visualisation :high_brightness::high_brightness:

- [C++ Code Visualisation](http://www.pythontutor.com/cpp.html)
- [JAVA Code Visualisation](http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html)
- [PYTHON Code Visualisation](http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html)
- [VisuAlgo - visualising data structures and algorithms through animation](https://visualgo.net/en)

## Learning Resources (Topic Wise) :checkered_flag::checkered_flag::checkered_flag:

### Big O Notations

- **CS Dojo** - Introduction to Big O Notation and Time Complexity
- **Simple Snippets** - Asymptotic Analysis of Algorithms with Example
- **Big-O CheatSheet** https://www.bigocheatsheet.com/

---

### STL in C++

- **Codealittle** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCahjLFtlbY&list=PL1oKdRlSbldPUXbtWctRz14C1f8R78MVZ)
- **Takeyouforward** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBhVZzi5RdU&t=1s)
- **CppNuts** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyGlTmaWEPs&list=PLk6CEY9XxSIA-xo3HRYC3M0Aitzdut7AA)

- [ ] STL SUMMARY [Blog post](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/6058)
- [ ] [Vectors (Dynamic Arrays)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/vector-in-cpp-stl/)
- [ ] [Sets](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/set-in-cpp-stl/)
  - [Set](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/set-in-cpp-stl/)
  - [Unordered Set](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unordered_set-in-cpp-stl/)
  - [Multiset](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/multiset-in-cpp-stl/#:~:text=Multisets%20are%20a%20type%20of,elements%20can%20have%20same%20values.&text=List%20of%20functions%20of%20Multiset,first%20element%20in%20the%20multiset.)
- [ ] [Queue](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/queue-cpp-stl/)
- [ ] [Stack](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-in-cpp-stl/)
- [ ] [Map](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/map-associative-containers-the-c-standard-template-library-stl/)
  - [Map](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/map-associative-containers-the-c-standard-template-library-stl/)
  - [Unordered Map](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unordered_map-in-cpp-stl/#:~:text=unordered_map%20is%20an%20associated%20container,type%20predefined%20or%20user%2Ddefined.)
  - [Multimap](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/multimap-associative-containers-the-c-standard-template-library-stl/)
- [ ] [Pairs](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/pair-in-cpp-stl/)
- [ ] [Priority Queue (Min - Max Heaps)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/priority-queue-in-cpp-stl/)
- [ ] [Deque](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deque-cpp-stl/)

---

### Binary Search

- **Aditya Verma** [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7NodO9HIbk&list=PL_z_8CaSLPWeYfhtuKHj-9MpYb6XQJ_f2)

**Problems**

- Allocate Minimum No of pages(GFG)
- Aggressive Cows(SPOJ)
- Prata(SPOJ)
- Painters Partion(GFG)
- EKO(SPOJ)
- Square Root using BS (GFG)
- Floor And Ceil in a Sorted Array(GFG)
- First And Last occurrence of an element(GFG)
- Count of element in a sorted array(GFG)
- Search in a rotated Sorted Array(leetcode)
- Logs(Atcoder)
- Search in A 2D Matrix (Leetcode)
- First bad version(Leetcode)
- Heaters(Leetcode)

---

### Number Theory (Mathematics)

- **CodeNCode** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRkqvQtm4DU&list=PL2q4fbVm1Ik4liHX78IRslXzUr8z5QxsG)

---

### Recursion and BackTracking

- **Aditya Verma** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHi1DUhp9kM&list=PL_z_8CaSLPWeT1ffjiImo0sYTcnLzo-wY)
- **Codealittle** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9FinR1AVys&list=PL1oKdRlSbldN8ffk23nuYQZwO0HSIPy9F)

---

### Bit Manipulations

- **Codealittle** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5upadP-hWXQ&list=PL1oKdRlSbldNz2p_xrBMf2GhCKRm-cH2A)
- **codencode** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efL86JCONH0&list=PL2q4fbVm1Ik7ip1VkWwe5U_CEb93vw6Iu)

---

### Graph Theory

- **CodeNcode** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VW85xQ6GJP4&list=PL2q4fbVm1Ik6DCzm9XZJbNwyHtHGclcEh)
- **Hitesh Tripathi** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BPQYzCYDx4&list=PLJOYB9TDUqmlnn9mu11qHxxQK_ioX9Wdm)

---

### Dynamic Programing

- **Tushar Roy** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LusJS5-AGo&list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr)
- **GeeksforGeeks** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmjDZGSr7EA&list=PLqM7alHXFySGbXhWx7sBJEwY2DnhDjmxm)
- **Aditya Verma** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmjDZGSr7EA&list=PLqM7alHXFySGbXhWx7sBJEwY2DnhDjmxm)
- **TakeYouForward** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPi3326JhGc&list=PLgUwDviBIf0pmD4Eur6Cl5XfBO4EtgKGe)

---

## Coding Platforms

- **Beginners** - [Practice @ Codecademy](https://www.codecademy.com/learn)
- **Beginners** - [Practice @ GeeksForGeeks](https://practice.geeksforgeeks.org/)
- **Beginners** - [HackerRank (Must do for a Beginner)](https://www.hackerrank.com/)
- **Beginners** - [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/)
- **Long Challenge and Short Contest** - [CodeChef](https://www.codechef.com/)
- **Short Contest** - [CodeForces](https://codeforces.com/)
- **Mathematics** - [Project Euler](https://projecteuler.net/)
- **Data Structures and Algorithms** - [LeetCode (For Data-Structures and Algos)](https://leetcode.com/)

---

## Important Data Structures:

- [Vectors (Dynamic Arrays)](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/vector-in-cpp-stl/)
- [Strings](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_strings.htm)
- [Linked List](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-structures/linked-list/)
- [Stack](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stack-in-cpp-stl/)
- Queue
  - [Queue](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/queue-cpp-stl/)
  - [Priority Queue](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/priority-queue-in-cpp-stl/)
  - [Deque](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deque-cpp-stl/)
- Sets
  - [Set](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/set-in-cpp-stl/)
  - [Unordered Set](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unordered_set-in-cpp-stl/)
  - [Multiset](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/set/multiset/)
- Map

- [Map](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/map-associative-containers-the-c-standard-template-library-stl/)
  - [Unordered Map](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unordered_map-in-cpp-stl/#:~:text=unordered_map%20is%20an%20associated%20container,type%20predefined%20or%20user%2Ddefined.)
  - [Multimap](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/multimap-associative-containers-the-c-standard-template-library-stl/)

- [Hash Tables](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/implementing-hash-table-open-addressing-linear-probing-cpp/)
- [Disjoint-Set Data Structures](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wU6udHRIkcc)
- [Trie](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXjmTQ8LEoI&t=946s)
- [Segment Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR5d4V7Z9SE)
- [Policy based Data Structures](https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/11080)

---

## Searching

- Linear Search
- Binary Search
- Ternary Search
- Jump Search
- Interpolation Search
- Exponential Search

---

## Sorting

- Selection Sort
- Bubble Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Merge Sort
- Quick Sort
- Heap Sort
- Radix Sort
- Count Sort
- bucket sort

---

## Mathematics:

### Playlists

- [**CodeNcode** ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VW85xQ6GJP4&list=PL2q4fbVm1Ik6DCzm9XZJbNwyHtHGclcEh)

### Number Theory

- Prime Number Generation (Sieve, Segmented Sieve)
- Euler Totient Theorem
- Fermat’s Theorem
- HCF & LCM (Euclid)
- Extended Euclid Algorithm
- Fibonacci
- Chinese Remainder Theorem
- Linear Diophantine Equations (Extended Euclid)
- Binary Exponentiation
- Modulus Arithmetic (addition,multiplication,subtraction,modular Inverse)

### Probability

- Basic Probability and Conditional Probability
- Random Variables
- Probability Generating Functions
- Expectation
- Probability Distribution [Binomial, Poisson, Normal,Bernoulli]

### Linear Algebra

- Multiplication ( Strassen's algorithm ), Logarithmic exponentiation
- Matrix Transformations [ Transpose, Rotation Of Matrix, Representing Linear Transformations Using Matrix ]
- Determinant, Rank and Inverse Of Matrix [ Gaussian Elimination, Gauss Jordan Elimination]
- Solving System Of Linear Equations
- Matrix Exponentiation To Solve Recurrences

---

### Game Theory - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_thN1Rp_FRA)

---

### Greedy

**Problems**

- BUSY MAN(SPOJ)
- BIASED STANDINGS(SPOJ)
- life(SPOJ)
- Defense of a kingdom (SPOJ)
- Chopsticks(Codechef)
- EXPEDI(SPOJ)
- Fractional Knapsack(GFG)
- DIE HARD(SPOJ)
- GREGOVIA(SPOJ)
- SOLDIER(SPOJ)
- CHOCOLA(SPOJ)
- CMIYC(SPOJ)
- Station Balance(UVA)
- Huffman CodIng(GFG)
- Maximun Unique Segments(Codechef)
- Egyptian Fraction(GFG)
- Job Sequencing(GFG)
- Maximum Circles(HackerBlocks)
- Codeforces Subsequences(Codeforces)
- Good Strings(Codeforces)
- Palindromic Paths(Codeforces)
- Gas Pipeline(Codeforces)

## Graphs:

### Playlists

- **CodeNCode** - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRkqvQtm4DU&list=PL2q4fbVm1Ik4liHX78IRslXzUr8z5QxsG)

### Graph Representation

- Adjacency Matrix
- Adjacency List

### Graph Types

- Directed
- Undirected
- Weighted
- Unweighted
- Euler

### Graph Concepts

- DFS
- BFS
- Strongly Connected Component
- Connected Component
- Cycle Detection
- Articulation Points
- Bridges
- Topological Sorting
- Bipartite Checking
- Flood-fill algorithm

---

## Graph/Tree Algorithms

- Prim’s Algorithm
- Kruskal Algorithm
- Dijkstra
- Bellman-Ford
- Floyd Warshall’s Algorithm
- Euler Tour
- Lowest Common Ancestor using Binary Lifting
- Kruskal's Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm

---

## Dynamic Programming

### Playlists

- [**Tushar Roy**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LusJS5-AGo&list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr)
- [**GeeksforGeeks**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmjDZGSr7EA&list=PLqM7alHXFySGbXhWx7sBJEwY2DnhDjmxm)
- [**Aditiya verma**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqowUJzG-iM&list=PL_z_8CaSLPWekqhdCPmFohncHwz8TY2Go)

### Classical Problems

- Fibonacci Series
- Longest Common Substring
- Longest Increasing Subsequence
- Longest Palindromic Substring
- Edit Distance
- Egg Dropping Puzzle
- 0-1 Knapsack
- Unbounded Knapsack
- Subset Sum
- Coin Change Combinations
- Coin Change Permutation
- Longest Common Subsequence
- Longest Substring Without Repeating Character
- Matrix Chain Multiplication
- Max Size Square Submatrix With One
- Maximum Length Chain
- Catalan Number And its Applications
- Snake and Ladder Problem
- Word Break Problem
- N–Queens Problem

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