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LocalModel allows you to use a simple model structure to utilise localstorage

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# LocalModel
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LocalModel allows you to use a simple model structure to utilise localstorage. Its based loosely on the basic functionality of [Mongoose for node](http://mongoosejs.com/).

Note: Be aware that Web storage is limited in size, for more details see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_storage

## Status
This library is currently ready for use. Feedback is welcomed, please leave an issue if you find any bugs, or have any suggestions that will improve the library.

## Installation
There are multiple ways of installing LocalModel.

### Manually
Download the repo and copy dist/js/localmodel.min.js into the relevant folder in your application. Then include it on the page
```html
<script src='/path/to/localmodel.min.js'></script>
```

### Bower
```
bower install localmodel
```
And include it on the page
```html
<script src="/bower_components/localmodel/dist/localmodel.min.js"></script>
```

## Usage
This will cover the basic usage of LocalModel:

- [Basic setup](#basic-setup)
- [Adding models](#adding-models)
- [Getting a model](#getting-a-model)
- [All](#all)
- [Find](#find)
- [Count](#count)
- [Find By ID](#find-by-id)
- [Using returned data](#using-returned-data)
- [Saving an updated entry](#saving-an-updated-entry)
- [Batch Update](#batch-update)
- [Removing/Deleting](#removingdeleting)
- [Population](#population)
- [Find and populate](#find-and-populate)
- [Aggregate](#aggregate)

### Basic Setup
LocalModel needs to be instantiated. At the moment there are no options to pass:
```javascript
var localmodel = new LocalModel();
```
Once instanciated you can use it to add models.

#### Options
##### Storage
LocalModel will allow you to add an option to change the storage method, by default it is set to localStorage.
```javascript
// Default - use localStorage
var localmodel = new LocalModel();

// Use sessionStorage
var localmodel = new LocalModel({
  storage: sessionStorage
});
```
You could even add your own method of storage. Note that it must contain ```storage.setItem(key, value)```, ```storage.getItem(key)``` and ```storage.removeItem(key)``` to allow the full functionality of LocalModel (and stop and huge errors).
```javascript
var myStorage = {
  getItem: function(key) {
    console.log('Getting item with key: ' + key);
  },
  setItem: function(key, value) {
    console.log('Setting the value ' + value + ' for key ' + key);
  },
  removeItem: function(key) {
    console.log('Removing item with key: ' + key);
  }
};

var localmodel = new LocalModel({
  storage: myStorage
});
```

##### Debugging
To enable debugging set the options 'debug' to true, the default is false.
```javascript
var localmodel = new LocalModel({
  debug: true
});
```

### Adding Models
To add a basic model do the following:
```javascript
var human = localmodel.addModel('Human', {
  name: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String,
  age: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.Number
});
```
LocalSchema currently has 4 types:
- String: 'string'
- Number: 'number'
- Boolean: 'boolean'
- Mixed: 'mixed'
- Date: 'date'

You can use the string (e.g. 'number', 'boolean') or the static variable (LocalSchema.LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.Number) but make sure when using the string that it's all lowercase and matches the static exactly.

When adding a model the 'addModel' function returns the created model instance.

#### Default Values
You can add a default value to a property when adding the model like so:
```javascript
var human = localmodel.addModel({
  name: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String,
  isAlive: { type: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.Boolean, default: true }
});
```
This will set the isAlive property to true by default, this will simply be overwritten when the isAlive property is given a value:
```javascript
var sammy = human.create({ name: 'Sammy' });
console.log(sammy.isAlive); // true

var billy = human.create({ name: 'Billy', isAlive: false });
console.log(billy.isAlive); // false
```

### Getting a model
If you ever need to retrieve a model instance you can call the following:
```javascript
var human = localmodel.model('MyModel');
```

### Adding an entry
To add an entry to a model you just need to use the create function on the model instance.
```javascript
human.create({
  name: 'Sammy',
  age: 35
});
```

### All
All will return all of the entries relevant to the model used.
```javascript
var allTheHumans = human.all();
```

### Find
Find will allow you to use a query to find matching entries.
```javascript
var billys = human.find({
  name: 'Billy'
});

#### $gte, $gt, $lte, $lt
You can use a more advanced query to get numbers and dates that are greater than or equal, greater than, less than or equal and less than:
```javascript
// Find with age greater than or equal to 25
var humans = human.find({ age: { $gte: 25 } });

// Find with age greater than 30
var humans = human.find({ age: { $gt: 30 } });

// Find with age less than or equal to 45
var humans = human.find({ age: { $lte: 45 } });

// Find with age less than to 50
var humans = human.find({ age: { $lt: 50 } });

// Find with age less than to 50 but greater than 20
var humans = human.find({ age: { $lt: 50, $gt: 20 } });

// Find all with a created date between 2010 and now
var human = human.find({ created: { $lte: new Date(), $gte: new Date(2010, 1, 1) } });
```

### Count
Count is a helper that returns a count of entries based on a query. It does the same thing as ```MyModel.find(query, true)```, but has better semantics.
```javascript
// Count all the humans
var totalHumans = human.count();

// Count humans with name 'Sammy'
var totalSammys = human.count({ name: 'Sammy' });
```

### Find By ID
If you have the ID of the entry you can quickly find it with ```findById(ID)```.
```javascript
var specificHuman = human.findById('af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554');
```

### Using Returned Data
Data returned from the ```.all()``` and ```.find()``` is returned in an array. Data returned from a ```.findById``` is returned as a single object. Individual objects are instances of ```LocalDocument``` which house the data inside a property named 'data'...
```javascript
var rick = human.findById('af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554');
console.log('Rick\'s age is: ' + rick.age);
```

### Saving an updated entry
You can alter a LocalDocument data object and save it using the ```.save()``` method.
```javascript
var rick = human.findById('af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554');

// Change the age and save it
rick.age = 32;
rick.save();
```

### Batch Updating
You can update multiple entries in a single call, utilising the find query mechanism.
```javascript
// Update all entries named 'Sammy' to be active
var numUpdated = human.update({ name: 'Sammy' }, { active: true });
```

### Removing/Deleting
You can remove an entry individually:
```javascript
// Remove rick, no one likes him anyway...
var rick = human.findById('af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554');
rick.remove();
```
or you can remove multiple entries using the same query mechanism as find from the model:
```javascript
// Remove all entries with age = 16
human.remove({ age: 16 });

// Remove all entries
human.remove();
```
The ```LocalModal.remove()``` function returns the number of entries removed

### Population
Population allows you to add a relationship between one model and another. To add a relation property just add a ref property to the configuration of a schema property.
```javascript
var Brand = localmodel,addModel('Brand', {
  name: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String,
  logo: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String
});

var Car = localmodel.addModel('Car', {
  model: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String
  brand: { type: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String, ref: 'Brand' }
});
```
The ref property takes a string, the name of the related model. By default the ref will use the _id of the related model as the foreign key. This means that when you populate a Car entry it will replace the property with an object.
```javascript
var aston = Brand.create({
  name: 'Aston Martin',
  logo: 'http://cdn.astonmartin.com/icons/logos/aml-logo-medium.png'
});

var dbNine = Car.create({ model: 'DB9 GT', brand: aston._id });

console.log(dbNine.populate('brand'));
```
Logs:
```javascript
// Basic object
{
  model: 'DB9 GT',
  brand: {
    _id: 'af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554',
    name: 'Aston Martin',
    logo: 'http://cdn.astonmartin.com/icons/logos/aml-logo-medium.png'
  }
}
```
Adding a foreign key to the property configuration will use a different property on the related to model to be used to populate:
```javascript
var Extra = localmodel.create('Extra', {
  pack: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String,
  name: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.String,
  cost: LocalSchema.SchemaTypes.Number
});

### Find and populate
Find an populate works on exactly the same principle as [population](#population) but allows you to find an array of entries and batch populate them. It accepts the same options as LocalDocument.populate();
```javascript
Extra.create({ name: 'Mud Flaps', pack: 'protection', cost: 20 });
Extra.create({ name: 'Rubber Mats', pack: 'protection', cost: 35 });
Extra.create({ name: 'Scotch Guard', pack: 'protection', cost: 15 });

Car.create({ model: 'DB9 GT', pack: 'protection' });
Car.create({ model: 'DB9', pack: 'protection' });

var dbNines = Car.findAndPopulate({ name: /DB9/ }, 'pack', { limit: 1 });
console.log(dbNines);
```
Logs:
```
// Basic objects
[
  {
    model: 'DB9 GT',
    pack: [
      {
        _id: 'af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554',
        name: 'Mud Flaps',
        pack: 'protection',
        cost: 20
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    model: 'DB9',
    pack: [
      {
        _id: 'af6fa5c5-e197-4e59-a04a-58d8af366554',
        name: 'Mud Flaps',
        pack: 'protection',
        cost: 20
      }
    ]
  },
]
```

### Aggregate
The aggregate feature allows you to match, group, sort and limit results as part of a pipeline.

#### $match
Match is exactly the same as a find query, it will filter the results.
```javascript
var results = Car.aggregate([
  {
    $match: {
      cost: { $gt: 50000 }
    }
  }
]);
```

#### $group
Group allows you to group results by a field using _id (required).
```javascript
var results = Car.aggregate([
  {
    $group: {
      _id: 'engine'
    }
  }
]);
```
To support $group you can add properties via the following helpers:

##### $sum
$sum has 2 uses, you can count with it or get a total of all fields in a group.
```javascript
// Count how many items are in the group
var results = Car.aggregate([
  {
    $group: {
      _id: 'engine',
      count: { $sum: 1 } // Add 1 for every item in the group
    }
  }
]);

// Add all of the 'cost' fields to get a total cost
var results = Car.aggregate([
  {
    $group: {
      _id: 'engine',
      count: { $sum: 'cost' } // Add all of the costs together
    }
  }
]);
```

##### $first and $last
Adds the property from the first or last item in the group.
```javascript
// returns the first model in the group
var results = Car.aggregate([
  $group: {
    _id: 'engine',
    model: { $first: 'model' },
  }
]);

// returns the last cost in the group
var results = Car.aggregate([
  $group: {
    _id: 'engine',
    cost: { $last: 'cost' },
  }
]);
```

##### $avg
Gets the average of all relevant fields in a group (must be a number).
```javascript
var results = Car.aggregate([
  $group: {
    _id: 'engine',
    averageCost: { $avg: 'cost' },
  }
]);
```

##### $min and $max
Gets the minimum or maximum number in a group.
```javascript
var results = Car.aggregate([
  $group: {
    _id: 'engine',
    minCost: { $min: 'cost' },
    maxCost: { $max: 'cost' }
  }
]);
```

#### $sort
Sorts the array. Pass a compare function to sort.
```javascript
// Order results by cost
var results = Car.aggregate([
  { $match: { car: 'DB9' } },
  {
    $sort: function(a, b) {
      return a.cost < b.cost ? -1 : 1;
    }
  }
]);
```

#### $limit
Limits the results to the supplied number.
```javascript
// Limit the results to 5
var results = Car.aggregate([
  { $match: { car: 'DB9' } },
  { $limit: 5 }
]);
```

#### Notes and examples
Every part of the pipeline will alter the results of the previous part. For example, if a $match is called at the start that returns an array of objects that have a name, age. The next part will alter those results. If a $group is called at the start that returns an array of groups (_id, _group etc), the next part will alter the groups result.

##### Example 1
Get all cars with model 'DB9' and group them by engine, then sort by average cost.
```javascript
var cars = Car.aggregate([
  { $match: { model: 'DB9' } },
  { $group: { _id: 'engine', averageCost: { $avg: 'cost' } } },
  {
    $sort: function(a, b) {
      return a.averageCost < b.averageCost ? -1 : 1;
    }
  }
]);
```

##### Example 2
Get the top 5 cars based on engine by cost.
var topFiveMostExpensive = Car.aggregate([
  { $group: { _id: engine, maxCost: { $max: 'cost' } } },
  {
    $sort: function(a, b) {
      return a.maxCost < b.maxCost ? 1 : -1;
    }
  },
  { $limit: 5 }
]);

## ID Generation
Each ID is generated with a mixture of the date and random number generation. Each ID will be unique and can be accessed by the ```_id``` property.

## Contribution
I have developed this myself as a fun project, which I will continue to add to as long as I can think of things to add... If you have any issues or feature requests feel free to add an issue. If you have anything to improve this, feel free to add a pull request and I will review it for addition.

## Testing
Tests are run using jasmine. This project uses gulp as it's build tool.
```
npm test
```
or
```
gulp test
```

## Change Log
v0.6.0
- Fixed issue with find when nothing has been saved
- Fixed falsy check for create default addition
- Fixed falsy check on property in LocalDocument constructor
- Added boolean to the list of acceptable query types
- Fixed date saving
- Fixed default when it is false (boolean)
- Cancel $avg and $min/$max when not being used

v0.5.0
- Add a basic aggregate function

v0.4.0
- Added populate feature
- Removed .data from local document
- Add references/relationships to other models

v0.3.1
- Minor optimisations

v0.3.0
- Add the option of using localsession
- Add Count helper
- Add batch update

v0.2.0:
- Add Delete/Remove
- Add a check for localstorage

v0.1.2:
- Add query date modifiers ($gt, $gte, $lt, $lte)
- Split off matching to it's own function

v0.1.1:
- Add property defaults

v0.1.0:
- Added instanced data
- Added save to data instance for updated
- Added the Date schema type

v0.0.2:
- Added query number modifiers ($gt, $gte, $lt, $lte)

## To Do
- Optimise/Refactor
- Check for LocalStorage capacity

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