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# AWS Storage Gateway Terraform module

This repository contains Terraform code which creates resources required to run [Storage Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/) in AWS and on premises.

## Upgrading to v3.0.0

This release adds Amazon Linux 2023 support and requires updated provider versions:

- Terraform >= 1.5.7, AWS Provider >= 5.0.0, AWSCC >= 1.0.0, vSphere >= 2.2.0

Key changes:

- EC2 and VMware modules now deploy AL2023-based Storage Gateway images
- Optional string variables (`domain_name`, `domain_password`, etc.) now default to `null` instead of `""`
- EC2 instances ignore AMI changes by default to prevent unexpected replacements

Run `terraform init -upgrade` after updating.

---

AWS Storage Gateway is available in 3 types:

- Amazon S3 File Gateway (FILE\_S3)
- Tape Gateway (VTL)
- Volume Gateway (CACHED, STORED)

> **Note:** AWS Storage Gateway's FSx File Gateway is no longer available to new customers. Existing customers of FSx File Gateway can continue to use the service normally. For capabilities similar to FSx File Gateway, visit this [blog post](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/storage/migrate-from-amazon-fsx-file-gateway-to-amazon-fsx-for-windows-file-server/).

The module requires a Gateway type to be declared. The default is configured to FILE\_S3 as an example. For more details regarding the Storage Gateway types and their respective arguments can be found in the [Terraform AWS Storage Gateway documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/storagegateway_gateway).

## Usage with VMware S3 File Gateway module

Link to the S3 SMB Storage Gateway example for VMware: [s3-smb-filegateway-vmware](examples/s3-smb-filegateway-vmware)

### Prerequisites

The VMware module requires the vSphere provider to be setup with a service account user name and password that has the necessary permissions in vCenter to create a VM. This is found in the [settings.tf](examples/s3-smb-filegateway-vmware/settings.tf) file.

```hcl
provider "vsphere" {
  allow_unverified_ssl = var.allow_unverified_ssl
  vsphere_server       = var.vsphere_server
  user                 = var.vsphere_user
  password             = var.vsphere_password
}
```

Note that var.allow\_unverified\_ssl is a boolean that can be set to true to disable SSL certificate verification. This should be used with care as it could allow an attacker to intercept your authentication token. The default value is set to false but can be changed to true for testing purposes only.

The module also requires connectivity to your vCenter server. Therefore, it needs to be deployed from a virtual machine that can reach the vCenter APIs. You may also [Terraform Cloud Agents](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/agents) if you use already use Terraform Cloud. This allows the modules to be deployed remotely.

### vSphere Module

```hcl
module "vsphere" {
  source     = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/vmware-sgw"
  datastore  = var.datastore
  datacenter = var.datacenter
  network    = var.network
  cluster    = var.cluster
  host       = var.host
  name       = "my-s3fgw"
}
```

The virtual machine IP address needs to be passed to next module as the gateway IP address. In addition, the module also requires domain user name and passwords for the storage gateway to join the domain.

Note that in order to protect sensitive data such as domain credentials etc., certain variables are marked as sensitive. It is general best practice to never store credentials and secrets in git repositories. For more information about protecting sensitive variables refer to [this](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/configuration-language/sensitive-variables#reference-sensitive-variables) documentation. Also as a best practice consider the use of services such as [AWS Secrets Manager](https://aws.amazon.com/secrets-manager/), [Hashicorp Vault](https://aws.amazon.com/secrets-manager/) or [Terraform Cloud](https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/managing-credentials-in-terraform-cloud-and-enterprise) to dynamically inject your secrets.

Also note that the domain password despite being a sensitive variable can be still found in the Terraform state file. Follow [this guidance](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/sensitive-data) to protect state file from unauthorized access.

### Storage Gateway Module

```hcl
module "sgw" {
  source             = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/aws-sgw"
  name               = "my-sgw"
  gateway_ip_address = module.vsphere.vm_ip
  join_smb_domain    = true
  domain_name        = var.domain_name
  domain_username    = var.domain_username
  domain_password    = var.domain_password
  domain_controllers = var.domain_controllers
  gateway_type       = "FILE_S3"
}
```

Note that variable "join\_smb\_domain" is set to true by default and therefore optional. To create a Storage Gateway that is not joined to the domain set "join\_smb\_domain" to false.

Example:

```hcl
module "sgw" {
  source             = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/aws-sgw"
  name               = "my-sgw"
  gateway_ip_address = module.vsphere.vm_ip
  join_smb_domain    = false
  gateway_type       = "FILE_S3"
}
```

Refer to to the S3 NFS Storage Gateway example for VMware for an end to end example: [s3-nfs-filegateway-vmware](examples/s3-nfs-filegateway-vmware)

## Usage with Amazon EC2 File Gateway module

Link to the S3 NFS Storage Gateway example for Amazon EC2: [s3-nfs-filegateway-ec2](examples/s3-nfs-filegateway-ec2)

### EC2 Storage Gateway module

```hcl
module "ec2_sgw" {
  source            = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/ec2-sgw"
  vpc_id            = "vpc-abcdef123456"
  subnet_id         = "subnet-abcdef123456"
  name              = "my-storage-gateway"
  availability_zone = data.aws_availability_zones.available.names[0]
  aws_region        = var.aws_region
}
```

### Storage Gateway Module for EC2

Once the EC2 Gateway is deployed, pass the `activation_ip` output to the aws-sgw module for gateway activation.

```hcl
module "sgw" {
  depends_on         = [module.ec2_sgw]
  source             = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/aws-sgw"
  gateway_name       = "my-storage-gateway"
  gateway_ip_address = module.ec2_sgw.activation_ip
  join_smb_domain    = false
  gateway_type       = "FILE_S3"
}
```

### Private VPC Activation for EC2 Gateway

For private deployments without public internet access, set `create_eip = false` in the ec2-sgw module. This uses the private IP for activation instead of creating an Elastic IP.

```hcl
module "ec2_sgw" {
  source            = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/ec2-sgw"
  vpc_id            = "vpc-abcdef123456"
  subnet_id         = "subnet-abcdef123456"
  name              = "my-storage-gateway"
  create_eip        = false  # Use private IP for activation
}

module "sgw" {
  depends_on         = [module.ec2_sgw]
  source             = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/aws-sgw"
  gateway_name       = "my-storage-gateway"
  gateway_ip_address = module.ec2_sgw.activation_ip  # Returns private IP when create_eip=false
  join_smb_domain    = false
  gateway_type       = "FILE_S3"
}
```

Private activation requires network connectivity from Terraform to the gateway's private IP on port 80. See [Activating a gateway in a virtual private cloud](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/gateway-private-link.html) for details.

### Setting up S3 buckets for S3 File Gateway

```hcl
module "s3_bucket" {
  source                   = "terraform-aws-modules/s3-bucket/aws"
  version                  = "~> 5.0"
  bucket                   = "bucket-name"
  control_object_ownership = true
  object_ownership         = "BucketOwnerEnforced"
  block_public_acls        = true
  block_public_policy      = true
  ignore_public_acls       = true
  restrict_public_buckets  = true

server_side_encryption_configuration = {
    rule = {
      apply_server_side_encryption_by_default = {
        kms_master_key_id = "kms_key_id"
        sse_algorithm     = "aws:kms"
      }
    }
  }
  logging = {
    target_bucket = "log-delivery-bucket"
    target_prefix = "log/"
  }

versioning = {
    enabled = false
  }
}
```

Note that versioning is set to false by default for the S3 bucket for the file share for Storage Gateway. Enabling S3 Versioning can increase storage costs within Amazon S3. Please see the [Creating an SMB File Share documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/CreatingAnSMBFileShare.html) for further information on whether S3 Versioning is right for your workload.

### Setting up SMB File shares

```hcl
module "smb_share" {
  source        = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/s3-smb-share"
  share_name    = "smb_share_name"
  gateway_arn   = module.sgw.storage_gateway.arn
  bucket_arn    = module.s3_bucket.s3_bucket_arn
  role_arn      = "iam-role-for-sgw-s3"
  log_group_arn = "log-group-arn"
}
```

### Setting up NFS File shares

```hcl
module "nfs_share" {
  source        = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/s3-nfs-share"
  share_name    = "nfs_share_name"
  gateway_arn   = module.sgw.storage_gateway.arn
  bucket_arn    = module.s3_bucket.s3_bucket_arn
  role_arn      = "iam-role-for-sgw-s3"
  log_group_arn = "log-group-arn"
  client_list   = ["10.0.0.0/24","10.0.1.0/24"]
}
```

The examples also includes "aws\_kms\_key" resource block to create a KMS key. For production deployments, you should pass in a key policy that restricts the use of the key based on your access requirements. Refer to the [AWS KMS key policies documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/key-policies.html) for information.

## Migrating EC2 Storage Gateways

For migrating existing EC2-based Storage Gateways to new instances (e.g., upgrading from AL2 to AL2023), see the [s3-filegateway-migration-ec2](examples/s3-filegateway-migration-ec2) example. This example automates the migration process while preserving cache disks and gateway configuration.

## Networking Considerations

### Storage Gateway interface VPC Endpoint configuration for EC2 Gateway

The Storage Gateway module allows you to optionally create an interface VPC Endpoint for Storage Gateway by setting `create_vpc_endpoint = true`. You can use this endpoint to activate your gateway and to transfer data to AWS storage services without communicating over the public internet.

Example with VPC endpoint configuration:

```hcl
module "ec2_sgw" {
  source                             = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/ec2-sgw"
  gateway_name                       = random_pet.name.id
  gateway_ip_address                 = module.ec2_sgw.public_ip
  join_smb_domain                    = false
  gateway_type                       = "FILE_S3"
  create_vpc_endpoint                = true
  create_vpc_endpoint_security_group = true #if false define vpc_endpoint_security_group_id
  vpc_id                             = module.vpc.vpc_id
  vpc_endpoint_subnet_ids            = module.vpc.private_subnets
  gateway_private_ip_address         = module.ec2_sgw.private_ip
}
```

A security group is also needed for the VPC Endpoint. In the above example, the module handles creation of the security group. However, you may use the vpc\_endpoint\_security\_group\_id variable to associate an existing Security group with the VPC endpoint. Please see this [documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/filegateway/latest/files3/gateway-private-link.html) which shows the Security Group requirements for Storage Gateway VPC endpoint. In this module, the security groups are already pre-configured with the required rules with the private IP address of the storage gateway. The configuration can be found in the file [sg.tf](modules/aws-sgw/sg.tf) file.

### S3 gateway VPC Endpoint configuration

We recommend you configure create a separate VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 File Gateway to transfer data through the VPC rather than a NAT Gateway or NAT Instances. This allows for optimized and private routing to S3 and lower cost. In the S3 NFS File gateway example's [main.tf](examples/s3-nfs-filegateway-ec2/main.tf), we have created a Gateway VPC endpoint as shown below.

```hcl
resource "aws_vpc_endpoint" "s3" {
  vpc_id          = module.vpc.vpc_id
  service_name    = "com.amazonaws.${var.aws_region}.s3"
  route_table_ids = module.vpc.private_route_table_ids
}
```

### Storage Gateway Security Group Configuration for EC2 Gateway

You can optionally create the security group and the required rules required for your gateway by setting create\_security\_group = true. You can also limit access to range of ingress CIDR blocks in your network from where you require access to the storage gateway by modifying ingress\_cidr\_blocks attributes as shown in the example below.

The module also includes the ingress\_cidr\_block\_activation variable specifically to limit access to the CIDR block of the client machine that activates the storage gateway on port 80. This Security Group rule can be optionally removed once the gateway is activated. The source code of the security group configuration can be found in modules/ec2-sgw/sg.tf file.

```hcl
module "ec2_sgw" {
  source                        = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/ec2-sgw"
  vpc_id                        = var.vpc_id
  subnet_id                     = var.subnet_id
  ingress_cidr_block_activation = "10.0.0.1/32"
  ingress_cidr_blocks           = ["172.16.0.0/24", "172.16.10.0/24"]
  create_security_group         = true
}
```

To use your own security groups, set create\_security\_group = false and provide a list of security group IDs:

```hcl
module "ec2_sgw" {
  source                = "aws-ia/storagegateway/aws//modules/ec2-sgw"
  vpc_id                = var.vpc_id
  subnet_id             = var.subnet_id
  create_security_group = false
  security_group_id     = ["sg-12345678", "sg-87654321"]
}
```

## Support & Feedback

Storage Gateway module for Terraform is maintained by AWS Solution Architects. It is not part of an AWS service and support is provided best-effort by the AWS Storage community.

To post feedback, submit feature ideas, or report bugs, please use the [Issues section](https://github.com/aws-ia/terraform-aws-storagegateway/issues) of this GitHub repo.

If you are interested in contributing to the Storage Gateway module, see the [Contribution guide](https://github.com/aws-ia/terraform-aws-storagegateway/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).

## Requirements

| Name | Version |
|------|---------|
| <a name="requirement_terraform"></a> [terraform](#requirement\_terraform) | >= 1.5.7 |
| <a name="requirement_aws"></a> [aws](#requirement\_aws) | >= 5.0.0 |
| <a name="requirement_awscc"></a> [awscc](#requirement\_awscc) | >= 1.0.0 |

## Providers

| Name | Version |
|------|---------|
| <a name="provider_aws"></a> [aws](#provider\_aws) | >= 5.0.0 |

## Modules

No modules.

## Resources

| Name | Type |
|------|------|
| [aws_security_group.vpce_sg](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group) | resource |
| [aws_security_group_rule.vpce_1031](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule) | resource |
| [aws_security_group_rule.vpce_2222](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule) | resource |
| [aws_security_group_rule.vpce_443](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule) | resource |
| [aws_security_group_rule.vpce_dynamic](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule) | resource |
| [aws_security_group_rule.vpce_egress](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule) | resource |
| [aws_storagegateway_cache.sgw](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/storagegateway_cache) | resource |
| [aws_storagegateway_gateway.mysgw](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/storagegateway_gateway) | resource |
| [aws_vpc_endpoint.sgw_vpce](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/vpc_endpoint) | resource |
| [aws_region.current](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/data-sources/region) | data source |
| [aws_storagegateway_local_disk.sgw](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/data-sources/storagegateway_local_disk) | data source |

## Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default | Required |
|------|-------------|------|---------|:--------:|
| <a name="input_gateway_ip_address"></a> [gateway\_ip\_address](#input\_gateway\_ip\_address) | IP Address of the Storage Gateway VM in vSphere | `string` | n/a | yes |
| <a name="input_gateway_name"></a> [gateway\_name](#input\_gateway\_name) | Storage Gateway Name | `string` | n/a | yes |
| <a name="input_create_vpc_endpoint"></a> [create\_vpc\_endpoint](#input\_create\_vpc\_endpoint) | Create an interface VPC endpoint for the Storage Gateway | `bool` | `false` | no |
| <a name="input_create_vpc_endpoint_security_group"></a> [create\_vpc\_endpoint\_security\_group](#input\_create\_vpc\_endpoint\_security\_group) | Create a Security Group for the VPC Endpoint for Storage Gateway | `bool` | `false` | no |
| <a name="input_disk_node"></a> [disk\_node](#input\_disk\_node) | Disk node on the Storage Gateway VM. Use 'SCSI (0:1)' for VMware deployments. For EC2, use disk\_path instead. | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_disk_path"></a> [disk\_path](#input\_disk\_path) | Disk path on the Storage Gateway VM where the cache disk resides. Use '/dev/nvme1n1' for EC2 Nitro instances. For VMware, use disk\_node instead. | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_domain_controllers"></a> [domain\_controllers](#input\_domain\_controllers) | List of IPv4 addresses, NetBIOS names, or host names of your domain server. If you need to specify the port number include it after the colon (“:”). For example, mydc.mydomain.com:389. | `list(any)` | `[]` | no |
| <a name="input_domain_name"></a> [domain\_name](#input\_domain\_name) | The name of the domain that you want the gateway to join | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_domain_password"></a> [domain\_password](#input\_domain\_password) | The password for the service account on your self-managed AD domain that SGW will use to join to your AD domain | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_domain_username"></a> [domain\_username](#input\_domain\_username) | The user name for the service account on your self-managed AD domain that SGW use to join to your AD domain | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_gateway_private_ip_address"></a> [gateway\_private\_ip\_address](#input\_gateway\_private\_ip\_address) | Inbound IP address of the Storage Gateway VM for Security Group associated with VPC Endpoint. Must be set if create\_vpc\_endpoint=true | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_gateway_type"></a> [gateway\_type](#input\_gateway\_type) | Type of the gateway. Valid options are FILE\_S3, VTL, CACHED, STORED | `string` | `"FILE_S3"` | no |
| <a name="input_gateway_vpc_endpoint"></a> [gateway\_vpc\_endpoint](#input\_gateway\_vpc\_endpoint) | Existing VPC endpoint address to be used when activating your gateway. This variable value will be ignored if setting create\_vpc\_endpoint=true. | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_join_smb_domain"></a> [join\_smb\_domain](#input\_join\_smb\_domain) | Setting for controlling whether to join the Storage gateway to an Active Directory (AD) domain for Server Message Block (SMB) file shares. Variables domain\_controllers, domain\_name, password and username should also be specified to join AD domain. | `bool` | `true` | no |
| <a name="input_organizational_unit"></a> [organizational\_unit](#input\_organizational\_unit) | The organizational unit (OU) is a container in an Active Directory that can hold users, groups, computers, and other OUs and this parameter specifies the OU that the gateway will join within the AD domain. | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_timeout_in_seconds"></a> [timeout\_in\_seconds](#input\_timeout\_in\_seconds) | Specifies the time in seconds, in which the JoinDomain operation must complete. The default is 20 seconds. | `number` | `-1` | no |
| <a name="input_timezone"></a> [timezone](#input\_timezone) | Time zone for the gateway. The time zone is of the format GMT, GMT-hr:mm, or GMT+hr:mm.For example, GMT-4:00 indicates the time is 4 hours behind GMT. Avoid prefixing with 0 | `string` | `"GMT"` | no |
| <a name="input_vpc_endpoint_private_dns_enabled"></a> [vpc\_endpoint\_private\_dns\_enabled](#input\_vpc\_endpoint\_private\_dns\_enabled) | Enable private DNS for VPC Endpoint | `bool` | `false` | no |
| <a name="input_vpc_endpoint_security_group_id"></a> [vpc\_endpoint\_security\_group\_id](#input\_vpc\_endpoint\_security\_group\_id) | Optionally provide an existing Security Group ID to associate with the VPC Endpoint. Must be set if create\_vpc\_endpoint\_security\_group=false | `string` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_vpc_endpoint_subnet_ids"></a> [vpc\_endpoint\_subnet\_ids](#input\_vpc\_endpoint\_subnet\_ids) | Provide existing subnet IDs to associate with the VPC Endpoint. Must provide a valid values if create\_vpc\_endpoint=true. | `list(string)` | `null` | no |
| <a name="input_vpc_id"></a> [vpc\_id](#input\_vpc\_id) | VPC id for creating a VPC endpoint. Must provide a valid value if create\_vpc\_endpoint=true. | `string` | `null` | no |

## Outputs

| Name | Description |
|------|-------------|
| <a name="output_storage_gateway"></a> [storage\_gateway](#output\_storage\_gateway) | Storage Gateway Module |
| <a name="output_storage_gateway_name"></a> [storage\_gateway\_name](#output\_storage\_gateway\_name) | Storage Gateway Name |

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