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A Spark data source for reading Microsoft Excel files

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# Spark-Excel

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A Spark data source for reading Microsoft Excel workbooks. Initially started to "scratch and itch" and to learn how to
write data sources using the
Spark [DataSourceV2](https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/java/org/apache/spark/sql/sources/v2/DataSourceV2.html)
APIs. This is based on the [Apache POI](https://poi.apache.org/) library which provides the means to read Excel files.

_N.B._ This project is only intended as a reader and is opinionated about this. There are no plans to implement writer
functionality into the project.

## Important

This repository makes use of [Git-LFS](https://git-lfs.github.com/) to track the Excel files for unit tests. This allows
for larger files to be uploaded as part of the tests without bloating the repository. If cloning the code you will need
to ensure you have Git-LFS installed and available.

## Download

Check out the [releases](https://github.com/elastacloud/spark-excel/releases) page for the latest jar files to match the
version of Spark you're developing against.

## Features

- Handling Excel 97-2003, 2010, and OOXML files (thanks to Apache POI)
- Multi-line headers
- Reading from multiple worksheets given a name pattern
- Glob pattern support for reading multiple files
- Outputting the sheet name in the result set (set via an option)
- Schema inference
- Cleans column names on read to remove invalid characters which can cause issues in Spark (spaces, periods etc...)
- Handle merged cells (repeats data to all cells in the merged region)
- Formula evaluation (for those supported by Apache POI)
- Schema matching validation in output (set via an option)
- Works in Scala, PySpark, and Spark SQL

## Usage

Standard usage of the library works as follows:

### Scala

```scala
val df = spark.read
  .format("com.elastacloud.spark.excel")
  .option("cellAddress", "A1")
  .load("/path/to/my_file.xlsx")
```

A short name has been provided for convenience, as well as convenience method (Scala only currently).

```scala
val df = spark.read
  .format("excel")
  .load("/path/to/my_file.xlsx")
```

```scala
val df = spark.read
  .excel("/path/to/my_file.xlsx")
```

### Python

```python
df = (spark.read
    .format("com.elastacloud.spark.excel")
    .option("cellAddress", "A1")
    .load("/path/to/my_file.xlsx")
)
```
### SQL

Accessing Excel files directly (N.B. this style of access requires back-ticks instead of single-quotes)

```sql
SELECT
  *
FROM
  excel.`/path/to/my_file.xlsx`
```

Accessing using options by creating a view

```sql
CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW sample_excel
USING excel
OPTIONS (
  path '/path/to/my_file.xlsx',
  schemaMatchColumnName 'is_value'
);

SELECT * FROM sample_excel;
```

All of these methods accept glob patterns and multiple path values.

```scala
// Providing multiple paths
val multiFileDF = spark.read
  .format("com.elastacloud.spark.excel")
  .excel("/path/to/my_file.xlsx", "/path/to/my_second_file.xlsx")

// Using glob patterns
val globFileDF = spark.read
  .format("com.elastacloud.spark.excel")
  .excel("/landing/20*/*.xlsx")
```

## Options

The library supports the following options:

| Option                     | Type    | Default  | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
|----------------------------|---------|----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| cellAddress                | String  | A1       | Location of the first cell of the table (including header)                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| headerRowCount             | Int     | 1        | Number of rows which make up the header. If no header is available then set this value to 0 (zero)                                                                                                                                                        |
| includeSheetName           | Boolean | False    | Includes the name of the worksheet the data has come from when set to true. Uses the column `_SheetName`                                                                                                                                                  |
| workbookPassword           | String  | _Empty_  | Password required to open Excel workbook                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| sheetNamePattern           | String  | _Empty_  | Regular expression to use to match worksheet names                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| maxRowCount                | Int     | 1000     | Number of records to read to infer the schema. If set to 0 (zero) then all available rows will be read                                                                                                                                                    |
| nullValue                  | String  |          | Sets the value to be treated as `null`, e.g. "NA"                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| maxBytesForTempFiles       | Int     | 10000000 | Sets the number of bytes at which a workbook is (ooxml format) is regarded as too large to hold in memory and the data is put into temp files instead. Whilst the cluster may have large volumes of memory, the node processing the file will be limited. |
| thresholdBytesForTempFiles | Int     | 10000000 | _Alias for maxBytesForTempFiles_                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| schemaMatchColumnName      | Boolean | False    | Defines the column name to write the flag indicating if the current record matches the provided or inferred schema. If the schema is provided then the column name must exist within that provided schema.                                                |
| evaluateFormulae           | Boolean | True     | Instructs the parser to evaluate formulas in the source (True), or to extract only the formula itself (False, e.g. A7*2).                                                                                                                                 |

```scala
val df = spark.read
  .format("com.elastacloud.spark.excel")
  .option("cellAddress", "C3") // The first line of the table starts at cell C3
  .option("headerRowCount", 2) // The first 2 lines of the table make up the header row
  .option("includeSheetName", value = true) // Include the sheet name(s) the data has come from
  .option("workbookPassword", "AP@55w0rd") // Use this password to open the workbook with
  .option("sheetNamePattern", """Sheet[13]""") // Read data from all sheets matching this pattern (e.g. Sheet1 and Sheet3)
  .option("maxRowCount", 10) // Read only the first 10 records to determine the schema of the data
  .option("thresholdBytesForTempFiles", 50000000) // Set size limit before temp files are used
  .option("schemaMatchColumnName", "_isValid") // Write a flag to the '_isValid' column indicating if the records matches the schema
  .option("evaluateFormulae", "true") // Evaluate the formula in the spreadsheet
  .load("/path/to/file.xlsx")
```

### Multi row headers

When reading multiple rows as a header the parser attempts to combine the content of all cells in that column (including
merged regions) to create an overall name. For example.

```text
+--------+--------------------+
|        | 2021               |
+--------+--------------------+
| Id     | Target   | Actual  |
+--------+--------------------+
| 1      | 100      | 98      |
| 2      | 200      | 230     |
+--------+----------+---------+
```

In this case the resulting DataFrame would look as follows.

```text
+--------+--------------+-------------+
| Id     | 2021_Target  | 2021_Actual |
+--------+----------------------------+
| 1      | 100          | 98          |
| 2      | 200          | 230         |
+--------+--------------+-------------+
```

### Sheet name patterns

Often when reading in data from Excel we'll find that there are multiple sheets containing the same shape data, but have
been split apart to add context, such as the month, year, department name and so on. To avoid having to add multiple
reads of the same file to access difference sheets, the data source provides the `sheetNamePattern` option, which takes
a regular expression. This pattern evaluates for any sheets matching the pattern which are then included in the result
set.

If, for example, you wanted to include sheet names for the next 3 years (assuming the year is currently 2021) then you
could provide a pattern of `202[234]`. This would ignore any sheets for other years, summary sheets etc...

Often when using this option it is useful to include the sheet name so that the original context is not lost, in the
same way you might want to include the source file name when reading from multiple files. And so the code might read
like.

```scala
val df = spark.read
  .format("com.elastacloud.spark.excel")
  .option("sheetNamePattern", "202[234]")
  .option("includeSheetName", "true")
  .load("/path/to/my_file.xlsx")
```

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