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Sketch complex curves and surfaces in VR

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# CASSIE: Curve and Surface Sketching in Immersive Environments

https://github.com/V-Sekai/CASSIE is V-Sekai's branch of CASSIE.

This Unity app was initially for user study and created all sketches displayed in the paper and accompanying videos.

CASSIE also provides an excellent variety of sketch export options (polygon lines of input and neatened sketch, curve network connectivity data).

The sketch export options could be helpful for future research projects that need a simple way to generate 3D sketches data to test their methods.

Please check out the project for more information: [[Project page]](https://em-yu.github.io/research/cassie/), [[Paper]](http://www-sop.inria.fr/reves/Basilic/2021/YASBS21/CASSIE_author_version.pdf)

CASSIE is research code. Therefore, expect to discover some bugs, compatibility and performance issues. If you are interested in using the project and need help setting up or adapting it, you can [contact us](https://github.com/V-Sekai/cassie/issues).

## Attribution

```latex
@InProceedings{YASBS21,
  author       = "Yu, Emilie and Arora, Rahul and Stanko, Tibor and Bærentzen, J. Andreas and Singh, Karan and Bousseau, Adrien",
  title        = "CASSIE: Curve and Surface Sketching in Immersive Environments",
  booktitle    = "ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)",
  year         = "2021",
  url          = "http://www-sop.inria.fr/reves/Basilic/2021/YASBS21"
}
```

## Installation

You can clone this repository and open the Unity project:

* Install Unity 2019.4.40f1 from [Unity's website](https://unity3d.com/fr/get-unity/download/archive). The app was not tested with other versions of Unity. It will be incompatible with newer versions of Unity, such as Unity 2020, because we use the legacy VR input system.
* Install SteamVR if you do not have it already. This is necessary to have the input from the VR headset and controllers working. We provide bindings for HTC Vive Wand, Oculus Touch controllers, Valve Knuckles. If you have another type of controller that is supported by SteamVR, you should be able to set up your own bindings through the SteamVR 
* Clone this repository.
* Run the commands in `decompress.sh` to convert `zstd` to files.
* Open the Unity project with Unity 2019.4.40f1. Find the correct scene in `Assets > Scenes > VRSketching` and double-click it.
* You are now ready to build and play the project.

### Settings

#### Set up controller type and dominant hand

* Go to `Assets/StreamingAssets`
* Open `dominant_hand.txt` and set your dominant hand:
  * 0 = right-handed
  * 1 = left-handed

#### Customize system settings

You can try out different system settings (e.g., distance thresholds for intersection detection) than those we chose in the paper by creating your own `ScriptableObject`:

* In your project (for example in `Assets/Parameters`) `right-click > Create > CASSIE Parameters`. Customize the values.
* Change the parameters currently used in the Unity app: in the scene, find the `Parameters` GameObject. Under the script `CASSIE Parameters Provider,` drag your new Parameters ScriptableObject under `Current Parameters.`
* The default values are the ones we used in the paper and user study. A detailed description of each parameter (units and effect) is provided. Hover over the name to display the description.
* You can always return to default parameters by dragging the ScriptableObject `Default CASSIE Parameters` to the `Parameters` GameObject.

## How to use the sketching application

These instructions are valid in Debug mode (while playing from the editor) and in a build.

### Sketching

* In the VR scene, a cheatsheet displays the available controls on your controller (if you don't see the correct controller type, you need to set it, see [above](#set-up-controller-type-and-dominant-hand)). The blue dot corresponds to the dominant hand, and the grey dot corresponds to the non-dominant hand. You can also find the cheat sheet for all three controller types [here](http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Emilie.Yu/Controllers-cheatseet.pdf).
* If your dominant hand dot is orange, you are in "freehand sketching" mode, with no neatening and surfacing features. When your dominant hand dot is blue, you have neatening and predictive surfacing enabled. To toggle between these two modes, press the trigger of your non-dominant hand.
* For a detailed tutorial, you can watch the [instructions video](https://youtu.be/Z2JEOQJK8cg) for the remote user study we ran. There are a few irrelevant bits, such as information about the study task itself and how to send data back to us. Please use the time labels to skip those.

### Exporting a sketch

* At any time during a sketch, you can export your current sketch by pressing `X` on the keyboard. Exporting will not delete your current sketch.
* You can also press the `Next` button on the VR controller (see cheatsheet), which will save your current sketch data and clear the scene.

All exported files will be available in the folder `SketchData~` in the folder `Assets` if playing from the editor, and in the folder `VRSketchStudy_Data` if playing from a build.

When exporting multiple data files are created (the file naming convention may vary slightly, with a `system` ID in the name when exporting from the `Next` button):

* `[timestamp]_([system])_strokes.obj`: an OBJ file with a mesh corresponding to the strokes in the current sketch, rendered as tubular meshes.
* `[timestamp]_([system])_patches.obj`: an OBJ file with a mesh corresponding to the surface patches in the current sketch. Please note that we do not export normals. The triangle orientations are arbitrary (do not cull back-facing triangles to render in, eg. Blender).
* `[timestamp]_([system]).curves`: a file that stores all strokes in the current sketch as polylines. `.curves` is designed as a super easy format to import in other systems that treat 3D polylines. Please check out our [data repository](https://gitlab.inria.fr/D3/cassie-data) to find example scripts to import this file format.
* `[timestamp]_([system])-input.curves`: a file that stores the input samples captured for all strokes in the current sketch as polylines—same format as before, but stores the strokes without any neatening.
* `[timestamp]_([system])_graph.json`: a file that stores the graph data structure of the current sketch. Please refer to the [data repository](https://gitlab.inria.fr/D3/cassie-data) to find a description of this file format and example scripts to read the data with Python and visualize it.
* `[timestamp]_[system].json`: you will only have this file when exporting with `Next` on the controller. The json is a log of the entire sketching session, which we used to analyze the remote user study data. Probably useless for future use cases.

You can choose which file formats you wish to have at export by editing the script attributes in `ExportController` in the scene. All file formats are active by default. You can also customize whether the scene should be cleared after export or not (default is: not clearing the scene).

## Where to find algorithms from the paper

* Stroke structuring is done in 2 steps:
  * Detecting a number of candidate intersections between the new stroke and the rest of the sketch: this is done mainly thanks to Unity's collision detection, see mainly in [`BrushCollisions`](/Assets/Scripts/Select/BrushCollisions.cs) and [`DrawController`](/Assets/Scripts/Create/Sketch/DrawController.cs#L258) 
  * Selecting and applying some constraints by solving an optimisation problem: see [`ConstraintSolver`](/Assets/Scripts/Create/Sketch/Beautify/ConstraintSolver.cs) (for Bezier curves), and [`LineCurve`](/Assets/Scripts/Curves/LineCurve.cs#L117) (for the simple heuristic method we use to constrain lines)
* Surfacing patches involves:
  * Maintaining a graph data structure for the sketch: see [`Graph`](/Assets/Scripts/Data/Graph/Graph.cs) for the data structure, and [`FinalStroke`](/Assets/Scripts/Data/Strokes/FinalStroke.cs) to see how we update graph data when strokes are added or deleted
  * Launching local searches for relevant cycles: see [`CycleDetection`](/Assets/Scripts/Data/Graph/CycleDetection.cs)
  * Triangulating the surface patches: see [`SurfaceManager`](/Assets/Scripts/Create/Surface/SurfaceManager.cs#L166) where we call code from Zou et al. to triangulate a closed curve

## Dependencies/external code

* [SteamVR Unity plugin](https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/tools/integration/steamvr-plugin-32647): included in the project
* [Math.Net](https://numerics.mathdotnet.com/): included in the project
* Tubular mesh generation adapted from [mattatz/unity-tubular](mattatz/unity-tubular)
* [An Algorithm for Triangulating Multiple 3D Polygons](https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~taoju/zoum/projects/TriMultPoly/index.html), Ming Zou et al., 2013: we did a C wrapper around their original code, built it as a native plugin and included it in the project
* [CGAL](https://www.cgal.org/): for mesh subdivision and smoothing. Built as a native plugin and included in the project

## License

The code in this repository, except for the external dependencies, is provided under the MIT License. The external dependencies are provided under their respective licenses.

cassie

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