hfsplus-kernel-fuzzing-demo

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hfsplus-kernel-fuzzing-demo

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Minimal Linux kernel fuzzer demo targeting HFS+

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# HFS+ Kernel Fuzzer Demo

A minimal Linux kernel fuzzer demo targeting the HFS+ filesystem, built for an [Off by One Security](https://www.youtube.com/@offbyonesecurity) stream. This project demonstrates the evolution of the fuzzer through three progressively more sophisticated stages.

This fuzzer is built to be capable of potentially rediscovering [CVE-2025-0927](https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-linux-kernel-hfsplus-slab-out-of-bounds-write/) (HFS+ OOB write exploitable on Ubuntu). `mount()` is included in the attack surface because on Ubuntu a low-privileged user can mount FS images.

## Overview

At each stage, this fuzzer:
- Creates/mounts HFS+ filesystem images
- Executes syscalls on the mounted image

## Architecture

The fuzzer is organized into three stages, each building upon the previous one:

### Stage 1: Dumb Fuzzer (`fuzzer_stage_1_dumb/`)
- Generates purely random HFS+ image or can mount a reference image
- Executes random filesystem syscalls with random data
- No feedback mechanism

### Stage 1.5: Dumb Fuzzer with Coverage (`fuzzer_stage_1_dumb_kcov/`)
- Adds KCOV support (for demo purposes, doesn't use it for feedback yet)

### Stage 2: Seed Generation (`fuzzer_stage_2_generate_seeds/`)
- Introduces seed generator to create a diverse seed corpus

### Stage 3: Mutation-Based Fuzzer (`fuzzer_stage_3_mutations/`)
- Uses seed corpus
- Implements seed mutation 
- Uses KCOV for feedback: inputs that produced new coverage are added to the corpus

## Building

### Dependencies

```bash
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt-get install gcc make linux-headers-$(uname -r)
```

### Compilation

Each stage includes a `Makefile` with support for both local and remote builds:

```bash
# Local build 
cd fuzzer_stage_X/
make

# Remote build 
make remote-build
```

## Usage

### Prerequisites
- Linux kernel with built-in HFS+ kernel module and KCOV support (see `Linux-fuzzing.pdf` slides for kernel building instructions)
- Root privileges (required for mounting filesystems)

### Running Each Stage

#### Stage 1: Dumb Fuzzer
```bash
cd fuzzer_stage_1_dumb/
make
# Run with auto-generated random image
sudo ./fuzzer_stage_1_dumb
# Run with a specific HFS+ image
sudo ./fuzzer_stage_1_dumb /path/to/hfsplus.img
```

#### Stage 1.5: Dumb Fuzzer with Coverage
```bash
cd fuzzer_stage_1_dumb_kcov/
make
# Run with auto-generated random image
sudo ./fuzzer_stage_1_dumb_kcov
# Run with a specific HFS+ image
sudo ./fuzzer_stage_1_dumb_kcov /path/to/hfsplus.img
```

#### Stage 2: Seed Generation
```bash
cd fuzzer_stage_2_generate_seeds/
make

# First, create a reference HFS+ image (empty filesystem)
dd if=/dev/zero of=reference.img bs=1K count=512
sudo mkfs.hfsplus reference.img

# Generate diverse seed corpus using the reference image
# Usage: ./generate_seed <reference_image> <output_dir> <num_iterations>
sudo ./generate_seed reference.img ./seeds 10
```

#### Stage 3: Mutation-Based Fuzzer
```bash
cd fuzzer_stage_3_mutations/
make
# Run advanced mutation fuzzer with coverage feedback
sudo ./fuzzer_stage_3_mutations
# Or with specific seed image
sudo ./fuzzer_stage_3_mutations /path/to/hfsplus.img
```

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