QuantumCryptographySecurity

KO | EN

gitlite — search

#python #golang #go #machine-learning #linux #docker #macos #nodejs #windows #cli #kubernetes #ios #openai #open-source

QuantumCryptographySecurity

(★ 9)

Data analysis of QRNG and QKD experimental protocols, 'Quantum Cryptography and Security' course.

QuantumCryptographySecurity Latest Version Download

Download Latest Version (.zip)

// repository documentation

Was this content helpful?

★ 0 (0 ratings)

# Quantum Cryptography & Security
Analysis and results of laboratory experiments for the 'Quantum Cryptography and Security' course (AY 2023/24). <br>
This repository is organized into three folders, one for each experiment: *Quantum Random Numbers Generation*, *Error Correction*, and *Quantum Key Distribution*. Each folder has a <code> functions.py </code> file with the analysis, a folder with the graphs, and the final report.

## Introductions
### Quantum Random Numbers Generation
The implementation of QRNG can be characterized by the degree of trust in the different elements of the protocol. The simplest case is the *trusted setup*, in which all the elements are supposed to be controlled and uncorrelated with the environment. We can relax this hypothesis and consider *semi-Device-Independent* setups with uncharacterized sources or measurements. <br> 
In this experiment, we use the phenomenon known as *spontaneous parametric downconversion* to generate a two-photon entangled state and characterize it in terms of polarization. The security analysis is based on the *leftover hash lemma* with bounds on the min-entropy based on either the state tomography or the entropic uncertainty principle.

### Error correction
To reconcile the keys, Alice and Bob need to cooperate over a classic public channel. In this report, we describe three different protocols: *Cascade* (based on parity comparison and iterative binary search), *Winnow* (based on parity comparison and syndrome decoding), and the *LDPC codes* (with rate modulation via puncturing and shortening). <br>
We compare the performances in terms of two efficiency metrics based on the error correction capability and the *Slepian-Wolf bound*.

### Quantum Key Distribution
The standard QKD protocols are designed to work with true single-photons. However, such experimental setups are still unavailable for practical implementation, and weak coherent laser pulses (vulnerable to the so-called *photon number splitting* attack) are used instead. <br>
In this report, we will introduce and analyze a *3-states 1-decoy* QKD protocol, evaluating the security of the obtained keys in the finite scenario. Such methods provide robust protocols to overcome the limitations of the multi-photon events and the finite keys.

## References
### QRNG
[1]. Giuseppe Vallone, Davide G Marangon, Marco Tomasin, Paolo Villoresi, "Quantum randomness certified by the uncertainty principle," in *Physical Review A*, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 052327, APS, 2014.

[2]. Joseph B Altepeter, Evan R Jeffrey, Paul G Kwiat, "Photonic state tomography," in *Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics*, vol. 52, pp. 105–159, Elsevier, 2005.

[3]. Daniel FV James, Paul G Kwiat, William J Munro, Andrew G White, "Measurement of qubits," in *Physical Review A*, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 052312, APS, 2001.

[4]. M Fiorentino, C Santori, SM Spillane, RG Beausoleil, WJ Munro, "Secure self-calibrating quantum random-bit generator," in *Physical Review A*, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 032334, APS, 2007.

[5]. Xiongfeng Ma, Feihu Xu, He Xu, Xiaoqing Tan, Bing Qi, Hoi-Kwong Lo, "Postprocessing for quantum random-number generators: Entropy evaluation and randomness extraction," in *Physical Review A*, vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 062327, APS, 2013.

[6]. Marco Tomamichel, Christian Schaffner, Adam Smith, Renato Renner, "Leftover hashing against quantum side information," in *IEEE Transactions on Information Theory*, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 5524–5535, IEEE, 2011.

### EC
[1]. Miralem Mehic, Marcin Niemiec, Harun Siljak, Miroslav Voznak, "Error Reconciliation in Quantum Key Distribution Protocols," 2020.

[2]. Gilles Brassard and Louis Salvail, "Secret-key reconciliation by public discussion," in *Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques*, pp. 410–423, Springer, 1993.

[3]. Tomohiro Sugimoto and Kouichi Yamazaki, "A study on secret key reconciliation protocol," in *IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences*, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 1987–1991, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2000.

[4]. William T Buttler, Steven K Lamoreaux, Justin R Torgerson, GH Nickel, CH Donahue, Charles G Peterson, "Fast, efficient error reconciliation for quantum cryptography," in *Physical Review A*, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 052303, APS, 2003.

[5]. David Elkouss, Jesus Martinez-Mateo, Vicente Martin, "Information reconciliation for quantum key distribution," *arXiv preprint arXiv:1007.1616*, 2010.

[6]. David Slepian and Jack Wolf, "Noiseless coding of correlated information sources," in *IEEE Transactions on Information Theory*, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 471–480, IEEE, 1973.

### QKD
[1]. C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, "Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing," in *Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing*, vol. 175, pp. 8, New York, 1984.

[2]. AA Gaidash, VI Egorov, AV Gleim, "Revealing of photon-number splitting attack on quantum key distribution system by photon-number resolving devices," in *Journal of Physics: Conference Series*, vol. 735, no. 1, pp. 012072, IOP Publishing, 2016.

[3]. Davide Rusca, Alberto Boaron, Fadri Gr{\"u}nenfelder, Anthony Martin, Hugo Zbinden, "Finite-key analysis for the 1-decoy state QKD protocol," in *Applied Physics Letters*, vol. 112, no. 17, AIP Publishing, 2018.

[4]. Charles Ci Wen Lim, Marcos Curty, Nino Walenta, Feihu Xu, Hugo Zbinden, "Concise security bounds for practical decoy-state quantum key distribution," in *Physical Review A*, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 022307, APS, 2014.

[5]. Wassily Hoeffding, "Probability Inequalities for Sums of Bounded Random Variables," in *Journal of the American Statistical Association*, vol. 58, no. 301, pp. 13–30, [American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.], 1963.

[6]. Costantino Agnesi, Marco Avesani, Andrea Stanco, Paolo Villoresi, Giuseppe Vallone, "All-fiber self-compensating polarization encoder for quantum key distribution," in *Optics letters*, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 2398–2401, Optica Publishing Group, 2019.

[7]. Marco Avesani, Luca Calderaro, Giulio Foletto, Costantino Agnesi, Francesco Picciariello, Francesco BL Santagiustina, Alessia Scriminich, Andrea Stanco, Francesco Vedovato, Mujtaba Zahidy, "Resource-effective quantum key distribution: a field trial in Padua city center," in *Optics letters*, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 2848–2851, Optica Publishing Group, 2021.

QuantumCryptographySecurity

QuantumCryptographySecurity Latest Version Download

Today's picks

Was this content helpful?

Recent Feedback

QuantumCryptographySecurity

QuantumCryptographySecurity Latest Version Download

Today's picks

Was this content helpful?

Recent Feedback

Download README