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Ballcone is a fast and lightweight server-side Web analytics solution.

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# Ballcone

Ballcone is a fast and lightweight server-side Web analytics solution. It requires no JavaScript on your website.

[![GitHub Tests][github_tests_badge]][github_tests_link] [![Docker Hub][docker_hub_badge]][docker_hub_link]

[github_tests_badge]: https://github.com/dustalov/ballcone/workflows/Unit%20Tests/badge.svg?branch=master
[github_tests_link]: https://github.com/dustalov/ballcone/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Unit+Tests%22
[docker_hub_badge]: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/dustalov/ballcone
[docker_hub_link]: https://hub.docker.com/r/dustalov/ballcone

## Screenshots

![Ballcone](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/40397/80874920-4c9b9f00-8cc3-11ea-9848-18384d826e9c.png)

![Ballcone: petrovich](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/40397/80874963-4f968f80-8cc3-11ea-8342-666fe3be139c.png)

## Design Goals

* **Simplicity.** Ballcone requires *almost* zero set-up as it prefers convention over configuration
* **Efficiency.** Ballcone performs *lightning-fast analytic queries* over data thanks to the underlying columnar database
* **Specificity.** Ballcone aims at providing visual insights on the HTTP access logs with *no bloat*

## Features

* No JavaScript snippets required
* GeoIP mapping with the [GeoLite2](https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/) database
* Extraction of platform and browser information from User-Agent

## Architecture

Ballcone captures the `access_log` entries exported in JSON by nginx via the bundled [syslog logger](https://nginx.org/en/docs/syslog.html) (`65140/udp`). These entries are stored in the embedded DuckDB database. Ballcone uses it to perform data manipulation and analytic queries. Also, Ballcone provides a convenient Web interface (`8080/tcp`) for accessing and observing the gathered data.

For better performance, Ballcone inserts data in batches, committing them to DuckDB every few seconds (five seconds by default).

## Requirements

* [Python](https://www.python.org/) 3.9
* [DuckDB](https://duckdb.org/) &geq; 0.4.0
* [nginx](https://nginx.org/) &geq; 1.7.1

## Demo

This repository contains an example configuration of nginx and Ballcone. Just run the container from Docker Hub or build it locally. nginx will be available at <http://127.0.0.1:8888/> and Ballcone will be available at <http://127.0.0.1:8080/>.

```shell
docker-compose up
# or
docker run --rm -p '127.0.0.1:8888:80' -p '127.0.0.1:8080:8080' dustalov/ballcone:demo
```

## Naming and Meaning

**Ballcone** has two meanings.

First, it is the romanization of the Russian word *балкон* that means a [balcony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balcony). You go to the balcony to breath some fresh air and look down at the things outside.

Second, if a *ball* is inscribed in a *cone*, it resembles the all-seeing eye (help wanted: [dustalov/ballcone#8](https://github.com/dustalov/ballcone/issues/8)).

Regardless of the meaning you prefer, Ballcone helps you to watch your websites.

## Installation

The simplest way to get started is to run `make pipenv` after cloning the repository. Just make sure [Pipenv](https://pipenv.pypa.io/en/latest/) is installed.

### Getting Ballcone

Running the Docker image is the simplest way to get started. Docker Hub contains automated builds of the Ballcone source code from GitHub: <https://hub.docker.com/r/dustalov/ballcone>. The following command runs Ballcone on `127.0.0.1`: the syslog protocol will be available via `65140/udp`, the Web interface will be available via `8080/tcp`, and the data will be stored in the `/var/lib/ballcone` directory on the host machine.

```shell
docker run -p '127.0.0.1:8080:8080' -p '127.0.0.1:65140:65140/udp' -v '/var/lib/ballcone:/usr/src/app/duckdb' --restart=unless-stopped dustalov/ballcone ballcone -sh '0.0.0.0' -wh '0.0.0.0' -d 'duckdb/ballcone.duckdb'
```

However, Docker is not the only option. Alternatively, Ballcone can be packaged into a standalone executable using [PyInstaller](http://www.pyinstaller.org/) and runned as a [systemd](https://systemd.io/) service (see [ballcone.service](ballcone.service) as an example):

```shell
make pyinstaller
sudo make install-systemd
sudo systemctl start ballcone
```

Finally, Ballcone can be installed directly on the host machine for manual runs:

```shell
pip3 install -e git+https://github.com/dustalov/ballcone@master#egg=ballcone
```

Note that `ballcone` without arguments creates the `ballcone.duckdb` database file inside the current directory.

### Configuring nginx

You need to define the JSON-compatible log format for your service in the nginx configuration file. Let us call it `ballcone_json_example`. This format is similar to the one used in Matomo (see [matomo-log-analytics](https://github.com/matomo-org/matomo-log-analytics)). It should be put *before* the `server` context.

```Nginx
log_format ballcone_json_example escape=json
    '{'
    '"service": "example", '
    '"ip": "$remote_addr", '
    '"host": "$host", '
    '"path": "$request_uri", '
    '"status": "$status", '
    '"referrer": "$http_referer", '
    '"user_agent": "$http_user_agent", '
    '"length": $bytes_sent, '
    '"generation_time_milli": $request_time, '
    '"date": "$time_iso8601"'
    '}';
```

Then, you should put this `access_log` directive *inside* the `server` context to transfer logs via the [syslog protocol](https://nginx.org/en/docs/syslog.html).

```Nginx
access_log syslog:server=127.0.0.1:65140 ballcone_json_example;
```

Please look at the complete example of nginx configuration in [demo/nginx.conf](demo/nginx.conf).

## Roadmap

Roadmap is available at <https://github.com/dustalov/ballcone/issues>.

## Alternatives

* Web analytics solutions: [Matomo](https://matomo.org/), [Google Analytics](http://google.com/analytics/), [Yandex.Metrica](https://metrica.yandex.com/), etc.
* Columnar data storages: [ClickHouse](https://clickhouse.tech/), [Citus](https://github.com/citusdata/citus), [MariaDB ColumnStore](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-columnstore/), etc.
* Log management: [Graylog](https://www.graylog.org/), [Fluentd](https://www.fluentd.org/), [Elasticsearch](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch), etc.

## Copyright

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