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Guest Lecture

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# USAP Guest Lecture (re-written for 2017)

### Preface

This document will guide you in using Amazon's config-as-code product (CloudFormation) to create an EC2 instance to serve as your Puppet Master.

Read the following links (especially if you have never used Amazon Web Services before)

* https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-aws/
* https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
* https://aws.amazon.com/vpc/
* https://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/

Note: Anywhere you see `sXXXXXXX` put your student number.

### Creating an IAM User

0. Do this on your own, see [IAM](IAM.md)
1. These credentials should be treated like a password, that's basically what they are
  0. In your shell, run `aws configure` and enter the credentials when prompted
  1. You can also export them manually for each shell session, the choice is yours

They can be exported as follows

```
  export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=CHANGEME
  export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=CHANGEME
  ```

### Setting up your environment

0. Ensure you have the following in your `~/.bashrc` (you do this to avoid having to specify `--region` to all `aws` commands)

```
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=ap-southeast-2
AWS_REGION=ap-southeast-2
```

1. Reload your shell `exec bash`

### Generating and uploading an SSH Key (this should have been covered in earlier classes)

0. `ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/sXXXXXXX`
  0. It will ask you for an encryption passphrase, put one you will remember
1. `aws ec2 import-key-pair --key-name sXXXXXXX --public-key-material file://~/.ssh/sXXXXXXX.pub`
  0. This uploads the public key to AWS so your instance can use it

### Showing the existing VPC setup

0. `aws ec2 describe-subnets`

You will see something like this (clearly the IDs will be different)

Take note of the `VpcId` and one `SubnetId`

```
{
    "Subnets": [
        {
            "VpcId": "vpc-c970a0ac", 
            "CidrBlock": "172.31.0.0/20", 
            "MapPublicIpOnLaunch": true, 
            "DefaultForAz": true, 
            "State": "available", 
            "AvailabilityZone": "ap-southeast-2a", 
            "SubnetId": "subnet-a37681fa", 
            "AvailableIpAddressCount": 4091
        }, 
        {
            "VpcId": "vpc-c970a0ac", 
            "CidrBlock": "172.31.16.0/20", 
            "MapPublicIpOnLaunch": true, 
            "DefaultForAz": true, 
            "State": "available", 
            "AvailabilityZone": "ap-southeast-2b", 
            "SubnetId": "subnet-a5dc6ac0", 
            "AvailableIpAddressCount": 4091
        }
    ]
}
```

### Starting an EC2 Instance using AWS CloudFormation

**THIS WILL COST YOU MONEY - CONSIDER SHUTTING DOWN THE INSTANCE WHEN YOU DON'T NEED IT**

Deploy the stack using CloudFormation (substitute the parameters you obtained earlier)

```
aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name sXXXXXXX --template-body file://ec2.json --parameters \
ParameterKey=VpcId,ParameterValue=VPCID \
ParameterKey=SubnetId,ParameterValue=SUBNETID \
ParameterKey=KeyName,ParameterValue=sXXXXXXX
```

If you are feeling creative, modify the CloudFormation to restrict the security groups to the RMIT IP space (`131.170.0.0/16`)

Groups that are open to the world are acceptable in a learning environment, but never in production!

### Connecting to the Instance

Get the public hostname from the Stack Outputs

`aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name sXXXXXXX --query 'Stacks[*].Outputs'`

(If you don't see a PublicDnsName make sure your VPC has DNS Hostnames enabled)

```
[
    [
        {
            "Description": "The private DNS name assigned to the instance", 
            "OutputKey": "PrivateDnsName", 
            "OutputValue": "ip-10-50-48-234.ap-southeast-2.compute.internal"
        }, 
        {
            "Description": "The Id of the created instance", 
            "OutputKey": "InstanceId", 
            "OutputValue": "i-19793db6"
        }, 
        {
            "Description": "The private IP address assigned to the instance", 
            "OutputKey": "PrivateIp", 
            "OutputValue": "10.50.48.234"
        }, 
        {
            "Description": "The availability zone the instance was launched into", 
            "OutputKey": "AvailabilityZone", 
            "OutputValue": "ap-southeast-2a"
        }, 
        {
            "Description": "The public DNS name assigned to the instance", 
            "OutputKey": "PublicDnsName", 
            "OutputValue": "ec2-52-62-157-205.ap-southeast-2.compute.amazonaws.com"
        }
    ]
]
```

SSH to the instance `ssh -i ~/.ssh/sXXXXXXX ec2-user@public-dns-name`

### You can delete everything with

`aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name sXXXXXXX`

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