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get an IP in a geographical location or country

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# gip -- get an IP in a desired CIDR

`gip(1)` is a tool to grab an IP address or CIDR
subnet that belongs to the given CIDR or a
geographical location as derived from external sources
of truth.

This can be useful for example in the context of
making DNS queries using the EDNS Client Subnet
extension to determine whether the authoritative name
server might return different results based on the
client's geographical location.

In addition, `gip(1)` also can reverse map an IP
address to the RFC reservation, AWS region, and
IANA/RIR allocation.

Please see the [manual
page](https://github.com/jschauma/gip/blob/master/doc/gip.1.txt)
for details.

`gip(1)` has a web interface at
https://www.netmeister.org/gip/.

## Requirements

`gip(1)` is old-school.  You'll need to have Perl
and the following modules installed:

* JSON::XS
* Locale::Country
* Net::Netmask

## Installation

You can install `gip(1)` by running `make install`.
The Makefile defaults to '/usr/local' as the prefix,
but you can change that, if you like:

```
$ make PREFIX=~ install
```

---
```
NAME
     gip -- get an IP in a desired CIDR

SYNOPSIS
     gip [-46UVachruv] [-d dir] ASN|country|reserved|cidr

DESCRIPTION
     The gip tool lets you grab an IP address or CIDR subnet that belongs to
     the given ASN, CIDR, or geographical location as derived from external
     sources of truth.

The selection is made at random from the given input.  This can be useful
     to test systems that behave differently based on e.g., the geographical
     location of the client address or to verify how it may handle certain
     reserved IP space.

OPTIONS
     The following options are supported by gip:

-4	      Only return IPv4 results.

-6	      Only return IPv6 results.

-U	      Do not update local files.

-V	      Print version number and exit.

-a	      When using -r, check all countries.  (By default, gip will only
	      print the first matching country assignment, assuming that a
	      netblock is not assigned to multiple countries.)

-c	      Return a CIDR subnet instead of an IP address.

-d dir   Use the given directory to store CIDR data.  If not specified,
	      default to ~/.gip.

-h	      Display help and exit.

-r	      Reverse lookup (IP or CIDR to RFC or CC).

-u	      Update local files from their remote sources of truth.

-v	      Be verbose.  Can be specified multiple times.

DETAILS
     gip takes as argument an ASN, country, reservation description, or a CIDR
     and will attempt to produce an IP address that matches those require-
     ments.  By default, gip will attempt to find both an IPv4 and an IPv6
     address, but will only print one or the other if only that is available.

An ASN can be specified either with or without the leading "AS".

A "country" can be specified as:

aws-region	  An AWS region.  For example, 'eu-west-1'.  gip will also
		  accept e.g. 'eu-west' and then pick one of the matching
		  regions at random.

CC		  An ISO-3166-1 Alpha-2 country code.  For example, 'de' for
		  Germany.  For most countries, this will be their ccTLD; gip
		  also accepts 'uk' for Great Britain, as well as 'eu' to let
		  it pick a random country from the European Union, but gip
		  will not accept IDN ccTLDs.

country	  An English country name.  For example, 'Germany'.  For coun-
		  tries with a name consisting of multiple words, make sure to
		  quote this argument.

A reservation description can be specified as

rfcXXXX	gip will provide a result from the given RFC reserved IP
		space.	For example, specifying "RFC1918" may yield an address
		in the 10.0.0.0/8 CIDR.

The RFCs gip is aware of are: RFC1112, RFC1122, RFC1918,
		RFC2544, RFC2928, RFC3056, RFC3068, RFC3849, RFC4193, RFC4380,
		RFC4843, RFC5180, RFC5737, RFC6052, RFC6333, RFC6598, RFC6666,
		and RFC6890.

symbolic	gip accepts the following symbolic names for several of the
		RFC reserved CIDRs: benchmarking, example, link-local, loop-
		back, multicast, namecollision, unique-local, unspecified.

reserved	Specifying the literal string "reserved" causes gip to pick an
		address from any one of the CIDRs that are not suitable for
		public communications.

Note: When selecting an IP address from a CIDR, gip will only expand
     small CIDRs.  That is, if a given source CIDR ends up being larger than a
     /120 vor IPv6 or a /16 for IPv4, then gip will grab an IP address from
     the first /120 or /16 within the given CIDR.

REVERSE LOOKUPS
     If the -r flag is specified, gip will attempt to do the reverse and tell
     you what CC or reservation the given CIDR belongs to.

This can take a moment, as gip has to parse all CC and AWS CIDRs.	Like-
     wise, gip will need to fetch the CC mappings following the same logic as
     for forward lookups (see the -U flag), but of course here we are talking
     about over 200 CIDR maps.

To cut down on the time spent here, gip will stop the lookup on the first
     matching CIDR, operating under the assumption that neither AWS, nor IANA
     assigns netblocks to multiple regions simultaneously.

If you want to ensure that all CIDRs are checked, pass the -a flag.

SOURCES
     gip will attempt to determine an IP range for the given country argument
     by retrieving sources of truth to map your input.	These sources of truth
     include:

ASN     ASN prefixes as provided by RIPEstat as described at:
	     https://stat.ripe.net/docs/02.data-api/announced-prefixes.html

AWS     The IP ranges published by AWS at:
	     https://ip-ranges.amazonaws.com/ip-ranges.json

CIDRs   Address blocks by CIDR from:
	     https://github.com/herrbischoff/country-ip-blocks

gip will look for these input files in the directory ~/.gip.  If no files
     are found, or the files found are older than 7 days, or if the -u flag is
     specified, gip will attempt to fetch these files.	This can be disabled
     by specifying the -U flag.

EXAMPLES
     The following examples illustrate common usage of this tool.

To get an IP address presumed to be in Germany:

gip germany

To get an IPv6 CIDR for the AWS region 'sa-east-1' without updating the
     local data files regardless of age:

gip -U -6 -c sa-east-1

To verbosely get an IPv4 address presumed to be in Czechia:

gip -v -v -4 "Czech Republic"

To get an IP address suitable to be used in documentation:

gip example

To select a random IP from the 203.0.113.0/24 network:

gip -4 203.0.113.0/24

To select a random subnet of the given 2001:db8::/32:

gip -c 2001:db8::/32

To look up the location of the address 2406:dafc:2000::2916:d9e5:2aac:

gip -r 2406:dafc:2000::2916:d9e5:2aac

FILES
     gip keeps copies of the data it looked up in the directory ~/.gip.	 In
     there, it will store the files:

ip-ranges.json	  The list of IP ranges published by AWS.

as/<as>.json	  The per ASN data retrieved from RIPEstat.

<version>/<cc>.cidr  The per country code CIDRs.

EXIT STATUS
     The gip utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

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