ev3dev-lang-cpp

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ev3dev-lang-cpp

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C++ language bindings for http://ev3dev.org

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# C++ language bindings for ev3dev

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ddemidov/ev3dev-lang-cpp.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ddemidov/ev3dev-lang-cpp)

## Compiling

* EV3:
```
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DEV3DEV_PLATFORM=EV3
make
```

* BrickPi:
```
mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DEV3DEV_PLATFORM=RPI
make
```

You have several options for compiling.

## Cross-compiling

You can use a cross-compiling toolchain to create ARM compatible code. Note:
You need a Linux toolchain, not a "bare-metal" toolchain. If it does not have
"linux" in the name, it probably won't work.

Pros: Fastest option. Works on Windows and Mac without a virtual machine.

Cons: Only includes standard libraries - no Debian `-dev` packages.

### Windows

[MentorGraphics toolchain](http://sourcery.mentor.com/public/gnu_toolchain/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/arm-2014.05-29-arm-none-linux-gnueabi.exe) (formerly known as CodeSourcery).

### Windows 10

Windows 10 supports the Windows Subsystem for Linux which allows us to install and execute the entire compiler toolchain. The steps required to compile native-mode EV3 applications on Windows 10 is as follows:

1. Be sure that your Windows 10 installation has Windows Subsystem for Linux installed. First make sure Developer Mode is enabled under Settings --> Update & Security --> For developers. Then, go to Control Panel --> Programs and Features --> Turn Windows Feature On/Off and check the box next to Windows Subsystem for Linux (Beta).

2. Fire up the bash shell by pressing Start Key, type `bash` and press `Enter`. This will open up Bash on Ubuntu on Windows.

3. Install the ARM compiler by typing `sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi g++-arm-linux-gnueabi`.

4. Use `git clone` to clone this repository to the directory of your choice, e.g.,

```sh
git clone https://github.com/ddemidov/ev3dev-lang-cpp.git
```

will clone the repo into a directory called `/ev3dev-lang-cpp.git`.

5. You need to make some changes to the top-level `CMakeLists.txt` file. First, go into the directory

```sh
cd ev3dev-lang-cpp
```
Now, edit the `CMakeLists.txt` file with a text editor of your choice, e.g.,

```sh
vi CMakeLists.txt
```

Just after the `project(...)` declaration, set the C/C++ compilers by adding the following lines:

```cmake
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc")
set(CMAKE_CC_COMPILER "arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc")
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "arm-linux-gnueabi-g++")
```

Alternatively, you can set these environment variables during compilation (explained later).

6. Now compile your programs and the generated binaries will be ready for EV3. This assumes that you have build tools such as `make` and `cmake` installed - if not, install them with `sudo apt-get install build-essential` (for make) and `sudo apt-get install cmake` for cmake. You can then perform compilation by invoking the following commands:

```sh
mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. -DEV3DEV_PLATFORM=EV3
make
```

If you did not set the variables in the `CMakeLists.txt` file, use the following commands instead:

```sh
mkdir build && cd build
CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc CXX=arm-linux-gnueabi-g++ cmake ..
make
```

7. Install `gcc-5` from `unstable` on your EV3, or else files compiled in Windows will not execute. First, on the EV3, edit `/etc/apt/sources.list` to allow searching for packages in `unstable`:

```
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
```
Append the following lines to the end of the file:
```
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ unstable/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://archive.ev3dev.org/debian unstable main
```

Save and exit. Afterwards, run `sudo apt-get update`, which will update the packages searched for. Finally, install the new gcc compiler:

```
sudo apt-get install gcc-5/unstable
```

8. The `build` directory will now contain folders with binary files ready to be executed on the EV3 brick. The easiest way to copy files is to use a program that supports SFTP, such as Filezilla. Remember that, by default, the username of the host system is `robot` and password is `maker`. The location of the path where the files are kept on disk is likely the following:

```
c:\users\<YOUR USERNAME>\appdata\local\lxss\home\<YOUR USERNAME>\ev3dev-lang-cpp\build\
```

Alternatively, Secure Copy may be used to quickly transfer a few files without having to leave the shell:

```
scp file.txt <EV3 USERNAME>@<IP>:/destination/directory
```

9. Be sure to `chmod u+x myprogram` for every copied program before running the program, otherwise you'll get an `Access Denied` in SSH or some really weird error if executing from the brick.

### Mac

The
[Carlson-Minot toolchain](http://www.carlson-minot.com/available-arm-gnu-linux-g-lite-builds-for-mac-os-x/mac-os-x-arm-gnu-linux-g-lite-201405-29-toolchain)
provides a complete toolchain for cross-compilation on the Mac. Download the "ARM GNU/Linux G++ Lite 2014.05-29 Easy Installer" and run it.

To get the cross-compilation working, use (replace EV3 by RPI for the BrickPi)
```
mkdir build
cd build
CC=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc CXX=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++  cmake -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux -DEV3DEV_PLATFORM=EV3 ..
make
```

## Brickstrap

Brickstrap uses QEMU to create a virtual environment (not exactly a virtual
machine) that can run the same ARM compatible code on a different type of
computer.

Pros: Faster than running on the EV3 itself. Can install all Debian `-dev`
packages using `apt-get`.

Cons: Slower than cross-compiler. Requires Linux (Ubuntu).

See [this page](https://github.com/ev3dev/ev3dev/wiki/Using-brickstrap-to-cross-compile-and-debug) for instructions.

## On the Brick

It is possible to compile programs on the EV3 brick itself.

Pros: Easy to setup.

Cons: Really slow.

Just run `sudo apt-get install build-essential` on the EV3 and you will have
everything you need.

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