MonetDB-PHP

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The official PHP client library for accessing MonetDB. For PHP 8.x and 7.2 or above.

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MonetDB-PHP
===========

The official PHP client library for accessing MonetDB. For PHP 8.x and 7.2 or above (see instructions below).

Main features:
- Parameterized queries, using cached prepared statements.
- Extensively tested with Japanese characters for the UTF-8 compliance.
- Multiple, concurrent connections.
- Allows access to response stats, like execution time and affected row count, etc.
- The thrown `MonetException` exception objects contain user-friendly error messages.
- Provides information about the columns of the response data, like name, SQL type and length.

If you wish to implement your own client library either for PHP or for another language,
then please read the [guide about the client-server protocol](protocol_doc/README.md).

# Table of contents

- [MonetDB-PHP](#monetdb-php)
- [Table of contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Installation with Composer (PHP 8.x)](#installation-with-composer-php-8x)
- [Usage without installation](#usage-without-installation)
- [Installation for PHP 7.2 or above.](#installation-for-php-72-or-above)
- [Examples](#examples)
  - [Example 1: Simple query](#example-1-simple-query)
  - [Example 2: Get execution stats](#example-2-get-execution-stats)
  - [Example 3: Parameterized query with prepared statement](#example-3-parameterized-query-with-prepared-statement)
  - [Example 4: Using escaping](#example-4-using-escaping)
  - [Example 5: Renaming fields and using column info](#example-5-renaming-fields-and-using-column-info)
  - [Example 6: Query the first record only](#example-6-query-the-first-record-only)
  - [Example 7: Transactions](#example-7-transactions)
  - [Example 8: Importing data the fastest way](#example-8-importing-data-the-fastest-way)
  - [Example 9: Using multiple connections](#example-9-using-multiple-connections)
- [API Reference](#api-reference)
  - [Connection Class](#connection-class)
  - [Response Class](#response-class)
  - [StatusRecord Class](#statusrecord-class)
  - [ColumnInfo Class](#columninfo-class)
- [Development setup through the Docker image](#development-setup-through-the-docker-image)
- [Running the integration tests](#running-the-integration-tests)
- [IDE setup](#ide-setup)

# Installation with Composer (PHP 8.x)

This library is available on Packagist at:
- https://packagist.org/packages/tbolner/monetdb-php

First install [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/download/), then execute the following in your project's directory:

```
composer require tbolner/monetdb-php
```

# Usage without installation

You don't need to use [Composer](https://getcomposer.org) in your project. You can
just copy all files in the ['src' folder](https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB-PHP/tree/master/src),
and include them in your project through the [include.php](src/include.php) file, which
was created just for this purpose.

```php
require_once(__DIR__."/../path/to/include.php");
```

Then either reference the classes by a combination of a `use` statement and the short class name
(as it is done in the [example projects](https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB-PHP/tree/master/Examples)):

```php
use MonetDB\Connection;

$connection = new Connection("127.0.0.1", 50000, "monetdb", "monetdb", "myDatabase");
```

Or just use the fully qualified class name (if your project doesn't use namespaces):

```php
$connection = new \MonetDB\Connection("127.0.0.1", 50000, "monetdb", "monetdb", "myDatabase");
```

Please make sure that the `php-mbstring` (multi-byte string) extension is installed and enabled,
and the character encoding for your project is set to UTF-8: (This is required for preventing SQL injection attacks)

```php
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
mb_regex_encoding('UTF-8');
```

# Installation for PHP 7.2 or above.

Only the 1.1.x versions support `PHP 7.2` or above.

```
composer require tbolner/monetdb-php:1.1.6
```

# Examples

Example projects:

- [Data modification](Examples/DataModification/)
- [Web query](Examples/WebQuery/)
- [Japanese test](Examples/JapaneseTest/)

## Example 1: Simple query

```php
use MonetDB\Connection;

$connection = new Connection("127.0.0.1", 50000,
    "monetdb", "monetdb", "myDatabase");

$result = $connection->Query('
    select
        name, weight_kg, category, birth_date, net_worth_usd
    from
        cats
');

$columnNames = $result->GetColumnNames();

foreach($result as $record) {
    echo "Name: {$record["name"]}\n";
    echo "Weight: {$record["weight_kg"]} kg\n";
    echo "Category: {$record["category"]}\n";
    echo "Birth date: {$record["birth_date"]}\n";
    echo "Net worth: ${$record["net_worth_usd"]}\n\n";
}
```

The returned values are always in string representation except the null, which
is always returned as `null`.

## Example 2: Get execution stats

```php
$result = $connection->Query(<<<EOF
 update
 "cats"
 set
 "weight_kg" = 9.2
 where
 "name" = 'Ginger';
 
 insert into
 "cats"
 ("name", "weight_kg", "category", "birth_date", "net_worth_usd")
 values
 ('Mew', 8.2, 'shorthair', '2015-03-11', 1250000);
EOF
);

foreach($result->GetStatusRecords() as $stat) {
    echo "Affected rows: {$stat->GetAffectedRows()}\n";
}
```

## Example 3: Parameterized query with prepared statement

```php
$result = $connection->Query('
    select
        *
    from
        "cats"
    where
        "name" = ?
        and "weight_kg" > ?
    limit
        10
', [ "D'artagnan", 5.3 ]);
```

In MonetDB the placeholders of prepared statements have specific types.
This library auto-converts some of the PHP types to the corresponding MonetDB types.

| MonetDB type | Accepted PHP types | Value examples |
| --- | --- | --- |
| timestamp | `string`, `DateTime` | `"2020-12-20 11:14:26.123456"` |
| date | `string`, `DateTime` | `"2020-12-20"` |
| boolean | `boolean`, `string`, `integer` | `true`, `false`, `"true"`, `0`, `"0"`, `1`, `"t"`, `"f"`, `"yes"`, `"no"`, `"enabled"`, `"disabled"` |
| Numeric values | `integer`, `float`, `string` | `12.34`, `"12.34"` (use string for huge numbers) |
| Character types | `string` | `"Hello World!"` |
| Binary | `string` | `"0f44ba12"` (always interpreted as hexadecimal) |
| time | `string`, `DateTime` | `"11:28"`, `"12:28:34"` |

Always pass the null values as `null`, and not as a string.

## Example 4: Using escaping

```php
$name = $connection->Escape("D'artagnan");
$weight = floatval("5.3");

$result = $connection->Query(<<<EOF
 select
 *
 from
 "cats"
 where
 "name" = '{$name}'
 and "weight_kg" > {$weight}
EOF
);
```

## Example 5: Renaming fields and using column info

```php
$result = $connection->Query('
    select
        "category",
        sys.stddev_samp("weight_kg") as "weight_stddev",
        sys.median("weight_kg") as "weight_median",
        avg("weight_kg") as "weight_mean"
    from
        "cats"
    group by
        "category"
');

echo "The columns of the response data:\n\n";

foreach($result->GetColumnInfo() as $info) {
    echo "Table/resource name: {$info->GetTableName()}\n";
    echo "Field name: {$info->GetColumnName()}\n";
    echo "Type: {$info->GetType()}\n";
    echo "Length: {$info->GetLength()}\n\n";
}

echo "Data:\n\n";

foreach($result as $record) {
    echo "{$record["category"]} : Mean: {$record["weight_mean"]} kg, "
        ."Median: {$record["weight_median"]} kg, "
        ."StdDev: {$record["weight_stddev"]} kg\n";
}
```

## Example 6: Query the first record only

```php
$record = $connection->QueryFirst('
    select
        sum("weight_kg") as "weight"
    from
        "cats"
');

echo "Sum: {$record["weight"]}\n";
```

## Example 7: Transactions

```php
$connection->Query(<<<EOF
 start transaction;

update
        "cats"
    set
        "weight_kg" = 9.2
    where
        "name" = 'Ginger';
    
    insert into
        "cats"
        ("name", "weight_kg", "category", "birth_date", "net_worth_usd")
    values
        ('Mew', 8.2, 'shorthair', '2015-03-11', 1250000);
    
    commit;
EOF
);
```

Or:

```php
$connection->Query('start transaction');

$connection->Query(<<<EOF
 update
 "cats"
 set
 "weight_kg" = 9.2
 where
 "name" = 'Ginger'
EOF
);

$connection->Query(<<<EOF
 insert into
 "cats"
 ("name", "weight_kg", "category", "birth_date", "net_worth_usd")
 values
 ('Mew', 8.2, 'shorthair', '2015-03-11', 1250000)
EOF
);

$connection->Query('commit');
```

## Example 8: Importing data the fastest way

```php
$connection->Query(<<<EOF
 copy offset 2 into cats
 from
 '/home/meow/cats.csv'
 ("name", "weight_kg", "category", "birth_date", "net_worth_usd")
 delimiters ',', '\n', '"'
 NULL as '';
EOF
);
```

## Example 9: Using multiple connections

```php
$connection1 = new Connection("127.0.0.1", 50000,
    "monetdb", "monetdb", "myDatabase");
$connection2 = new Connection("127.0.0.1", 50000,
    "monetdb", "monetdb", "myDatabase");
$connection3 = new Connection("127.0.0.1", 50000,
    "monetdb", "monetdb", "myDatabase");

$result1 = $connection1->Query("...");
$result2 = $connection2->Query("...");
$result3 = $connection3->Query("...");
```

<hr>

# API Reference

| Class | Summary |
| --- | --- |
| [Connection](#connection-class) | Class for encapsulating a connection to a MonetDB server. |
| [Response](#response-class) | This class represents a response for an SQL query or for a command. In case of a 'select' query, this class can be iterated through, using a 'foreach' loop.  The records are returned as associative arrays, indexed by the column names. |
| [StatusRecord](#statusrecord-class) | This class shares the information returned by MonetDB about the executed queries. Like execution time, number of rows affected, etc. Note that only specific fields are populated for specific queries, the others remain NULL. |
| [ColumnInfo](#columninfo-class) | This class contains information about the columns of a table response to a 'select' query. |

<hr>

## Connection Class

Class for encapsulating a connection to a MonetDB server.

| Method | Documentation |
| --- | --- |
| __construct | Create a new connection to a MonetDB database. @param string $host : The host of the database. Use '127.0.0.1' if the DB is on the same machine. @param int $port : The port of the database. For MonetDB this is usually 50000. @param string $user : The user name. @param string $password : The password of the user. @param string $database : The name of the database to connect to. Don't forget to release and start it. @param string $saltedHashAlgo = "SHA1" : Optional. The preferred hash algorithm to be used for exchanging the password. It has to be supported by both the server and PHP. This is only used for the salted hashing. Another stronger algorithm is used first (usually SHA512). @param bool $syncTimeZone = true : If true, then tells the clients time zone offset to the server, which will convert all timestamps is case there's a difference. If false, then the timestamps will end up on the server unmodified. @param int $maxReplySize = 200 : The maximal number of tuples returned in a response. A higher value results in smaller number of memory allocations and string operations, but also in higher memory footprint. |
| Close | Close the connection |
| Query | Execute an SQL query and return its response. For 'select' queries the response can be iterated using a 'foreach' statement. You can pass an array as second parameter to execute the query as prepared statement, where the array contains the parameter values. SECURITY WARNING: For prepared statements in MonetDB, the parameter values are passed in a regular 'EXECUTE' command, using escaping. Therefore the same security considerations apply here as for using the Connection->Escape(...) method. Please read the comments for that method. @param string $sql @param array $params = null : An optional array for prepared statement parameters. If not provided (or null), then a normal query is executed instead of a prepared statement. The parameter values will be converted to the proper MonetDB type when possible. See the relevant section of README.md about parameterized queries for more details. @return Response |
| QueryFirst | Execute an SQL query and return only the first row as an associative array. If there is more data on the stream, then discard all. Returns null if the query has empty result. You can pass an array as second parameter to execute the query as prepared statement, where the array contains the parameter values. @param string $sql @param array $params = null : An optional array for prepared statement parameters. If not provided (or null), then a normal query is executed instead of a prepared statement. See the 'Query' method for more information about the parameter values. @return string[] -or- null |
| Command | Send a 'command' to MonetDB. Commands are used for configuring the database, for example setting the maximal response size, or for requesting unread parts of a query response ('export'). @param string $command @param bool $noResponse = true : If true, then returns NULL and makes no read to the underlying socket. @return Response -or- null |
| Escape | Escape a string value, to be inserted into a query, inside single quotes. The following characters are escaped by this method: backslash, single quote, carriage return, line feed, tabulator, null character, CTRL+Z. As a security measure this library forces the use of multi-byte support and UTF-8 encoding, which is also used by MonetDB, avoiding the SQL-injection attacks, which play with differences between character encodings. @param string $value @return string |
| ClearPsCache | Clears the in-memory cache of prepared statements. This is called automatically when an error is received from MonetDB, because that also purges the prepared statements and all session state in this case. |
| GetMaxReplySize | The maximal number of tuples returned in a response. @return int |

<hr>

## Response Class

This class represents a response for an SQL query or for a command. In case of a 'select' query, this class can be iterated through, using a 'foreach' loop. The records are returned as associative arrays, indexed by the column names.

| Method | Documentation |
| --- | --- |
| Discard | Read through all of the data and discard it. Use this method when you don't want to iterate through a long query, but you would like to start a new one instead. |
| IsDiscarded | Returns true if this response is no longer connected to an input TCP stream. @return boolean |
| GetColumnNames | Returns the names of columns for the table. If you would like to have more information about the columns than just their names, then use the 'GetColumnInfo()' method. @return string[] |
| Fetch | Returns the next row as an associative array, or null if the query ended. @return array -or- null |
| GetStatusRecords | Returns one or more Status records that tell information about the queries executed through a single request. @return StatusRecord[] |
| GetColumnInfo | Returns an array of ColumnInfo objects that contain information about the columns of a table response to a 'select' query. @return ColumnInfo[] |

<hr>

## StatusRecord Class

This class shares the information returned by MonetDB about the executed queries. Like execution time, number of rows affected, etc. Note that only specific fields are populated for specific queries, the others remain NULL.

| Method | Documentation |
| --- | --- |
| GetQueryType | Returns a short string which identifies the type of the query. @return string |
| GetDescription | Returns a user-friendly text which describes the effect of the query. @return string |
| GetQueryTime | The time the server spent on executing the query. In milliseconds. @return float -or- null |
| GetSqlOptimizerTime | SQL optimizer time in milliseconds. @return float -or- null |
| GetMalOptimizerTime | MAL optimizer time in milliseconds. @return float -or- null |
| GetAffectedRows | The number of rows updated or inserted. @return integer -or- null |
| GetTotalRowCount | The total number of rows in the result set. This includes those rows too, which are not in the current response. @return integer -or- null |
| GetAsText | Get a description of the status response in a human-readable format. @return string |
| GetPreparedStatementID | Get the ID of a created prepared statement. This ID can be used in an 'EXECUTE' statement, but only in the same session. @return integer -or- null |
| GetResultID | Returns the ID of the result set that is returned for a query. It is stored on the server for this session, and parts of it can be queried using the "export" command. @return integer -or- null |
| GetAutoCommitState | Available after "start transaction", "commit" or "rollback". Tells whether the current session is in auto-commit mode or not. @return boolean -or- null |
| GetRowCount | The number of rows (tuples) in the current response only. @return integer -or- null |
| GetColumnCount | Column count. If the response contains tabular data, then this tells the number of columns. @return integer -or- null |
| GetQueryID | Query ID. A global ID which is also used in functions such as sys.querylog_catalog(). @return integer -or- null |
| GetLastInsertID | The last automatically generated ID by an insert statement. (Usually auto_increment) NULL if none. @return integer -or- null |
| GetExportOffset | The index (offset) of the first row in a block response. (For an "export" command.) @return integer -or- null |

<hr>

## ColumnInfo Class

This class contains information about the columns of a table response to a 'select' query.

| Method | Documentation |
| --- | --- |
| GetTableName | The name of the table the field belongs to, or the name of a temporary resource if the value is the result of an expression. @return string |
| GetColumnName | Column name. @return string |
| GetType | The SQL data type of the field. @return string |
| GetLength | A length value that can be used for deciding the width of the columns when rendering the response. @return integer |

<hr>

# Development setup through the Docker image

- Build the Docker image:

docker/build.sh

- Create the Docker container with Apache listening on port 9292:

docker/create.sh

- Login into the container as the host user or as root:

docker/login.sh
        docker/root_login.sh

- When you don't need the MonetDB-PHP container anymore, you can get rid of it easily: (this also removes the unused images)

docker/cleanup.sh

# Running the integration tests

- Login into the running container with `docker/login.sh`.
- Execute the tests with:
```
vendor/bin/phpunit tests
```

The output should be similar to:
```
$ vendor/bin/phpunit tests
PHPUnit 8.5.33 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

........................                                          24 / 24 (100%)

Time: 971 ms, Memory: 4.00 MB

OK (24 tests, 50 assertions)
```

# IDE setup

- IDE: Visual Studio Code
- Plugins:
  - [PHP Intelephense (Ben Mewburn)](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=bmewburn.vscode-intelephense-client)
  - [PHP DocBlocker (Neil Brayfield)](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=neilbrayfield.php-docblocker)
  - [Remote-SSH (Microsoft)](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh)
  - [Markdown All in One (Yu Zhang)](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=yzhang.markdown-all-in-one)
- Plugins for the [Monet-Explorer](protocol_doc/monet-explorer/) project:
  - [C/C++ IntelliSense, debugging, and code browsing. (Microsoft)](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools)
  - [Doxygen Documentation Generator (Christoph Schlosser)](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=cschlosser.doxdocgen)

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