oauth-dropins

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🔑 Drop-in OAuth client flows for Python on Google App Engine.

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<img src="https://raw.github.com/snarfed/oauth-dropins/main/oauth_dropins/static/oauth_shiny.png" alt="OAuth logo" width="125" /> oauth-dropins [![Circle CI](https://circleci.com/gh/snarfed/oauth-dropins.svg?style=svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/snarfed/oauth-dropins)
=============

Drop-in Python [OAuth](http://oauth.net/) for popular sites!

* [About](#about)
* [Quick start](#quick-start)
* [Usage details](#usage-details)
* [Troubleshooting/FAQ](#troubleshootingfaq)
* [Changelog](#changelog)
* [Development](#development)
* [Release instructions](#release-instructions)

About
---

This is a collection of drop-in Python [Flask](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/) views for the initial [OAuth](http://oauth.net/) client flows for many popular sites, including Bluesky, Disqus, Dropbox, Facebook, Flickr, GitHub, Google, IndieAuth, Instagram, LinkedIn, Mastodon, Tumblr, Twitter, and WordPress.com.

oauth-dropins stores user credentials in [Google Cloud Datastore](https://cloud.google.com/datastore/). It's primarily designed for [Google App Engine](https://appengine.google.com/), but it can be used in any Python web application, regardless of host or framework.

* [Available on PyPi.](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/oauth-dropins/) Install with `pip install oauth-dropins`.
* [Getting started docs.](#quick-start)
* [Reference docs.](https://oauth-dropins.readthedocs.io/en/latest/source/oauth_dropins.html)
* Demo app at [oauth-dropins.appspot.com](http://oauth-dropins.appspot.com/).
* [Source code on GitHub.](https://github.com/snarfed/oauth-dropins/)

oauth-dropins is dedicated to the public domain. See LICENSE for details.

Quick start
---

Here's a full example of using the GitHub drop-in.

1. Install oauth-dropins with `pip install oauth-dropins`.
1. Put your [GitHub OAuth application's](https://docs.github.com/en/developers/apps/building-oauth-apps/creating-an-oauth-app) ID and secret in two plain text files in your app's root directory, `github_client_id` and `github_client_secret`. (If you use git, you'll probably also want to add them to your `.gitignore`.)
1. Create a `github_oauth.py` file with these contents:

```python
    from oauth_dropins import github
    from app import app  # ...or wherever your Flask app is
    
    app.add_url_rule('/start',
                     view_func=github.Start.as_view('start', '/callback'),
                     methods=['POST'])
    app.add_url_rule('/callback',
                     view_func=github.Callback.as_view('callback', '/after'))
    ```

Voila! Send your users to `/github/start` when you want them to connect their GitHub account to your app, and when they're done, they'll be redirected to `/after?access_token=...` in your app.

All of the sites provide the same API. To use a different one, just import the site module you want and follow the same steps. The filenames for app keys and secrets also differ by site; see each site's `.py` file for its filenames.

Usage details
---

There are three main parts to an OAuth drop-in: the initial redirect to the site itself, the redirect back to your app after the user approves or declines the request, and the datastore entity that stores the user's OAuth credentials and helps you use them. These are implemented by [`Start`](#start) and [`Callback`](#callback), which are [Flask](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/) [View](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/api/#flask.views.View) classes, and [auth entities](#auth-entities), which are [Google Cloud Datastore](https://cloud.google.com/datastore/) [ndb models](https://googleapis.dev/python/python-ndb/latest/model.html).

### `Start`

This view class redirects you to an OAuth-enabled site so it can ask the user to grant your app permission. It has two useful methods:

- The constructor, `__init__(self, to_path, scopes=None)`. `to_path` is the OAuth callback, ie URL path on your site that the site's OAuth flow should redirect back to after it's done. This is handled by a [`Callback`](#callback) view in your application, which needs to handle the `to_path` route.

If you want to add OAuth scopes beyond the default one(s) needed for login, you can pass them to the `scopes` kwarg as a string or sequence of strings, or include them in the `scopes` query parameter in the POST request body. This is supported in most sites, but not all.

Some OAuth 1 sites support alternatives to scopes. For Twitter, the `Start` constructor takes an additional `access_type` kwarg that may be `read` or `write`. It's passed through to Twitter [`x_auth_access_type`](https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1/post/oauth/request_token). For Flickr, `Start` accepts a `perms` POST query parameter that may be `read`, `write` or `delete`; it's [passed through to Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/services/api/auth.oauth.html#authorization) unchanged. (Flickr claims it's optional, but [sometimes breaks if it's not provided.](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6517317/flickr-api-error-when-oauth))

- `redirect_url(state=None)` returns the URL to redirect to at the site to initiate the OAuth flow. `Start` will redirect here automatically if it's used in a WSGI application, but you can call this manually if you want to control that redirect yourself:

```python
import flask

class MyView(Start):
  def dispatch_request(self):
    ...
    flask.redirect(self.redirect_url())
```

### `Callback`

This class handles the HTTP redirect back to your app after the user has granted or declined permission. It also has two useful methods:

- The constructor, `__init__(self, to_path, scopes=None)`. `to_path` is the URL path on your site that users should be redirected to after the callback view is done. It will include a `state` query parameter with the value provided to `Start`. It will also include an OAuth token in its query parameters, either `access_token` for OAuth 2.0 or `access_token_key` and `access_token_secret` for OAuth 1.1. It will also include an `auth_entity` query parameter with the string key of an [auth entity](#auth-entities) that has more data (and functionality) for the authenticated user. If the user declined the OAuth authorization request, the only query parameter besides `state` will be `declined=true`.

- `finish(auth_entity, state=None)` is run in the initial callback request after the OAuth response has been processed. `auth_entity` is the newly created auth entity for this connection, or `None` if the user declined the OAuth authorization request.

By default, `finish` redirects to `to_path`, but you can subclass `Callback` and override it to run your own code instead of redirecting:

```python
class MyCallback(github.Callback):
  def finish(self, auth_entity, state=None):
    super().finish(auth_entity, state=state)  # ignore returned redirect
    self.response.write('Hi %s, thanks for connecting your %s account.' %
        (auth_entity.user_display_name(), auth_entity.site_name()))
```

### Auth entities

Each site defines a Google Cloud Datastore [ndb.Model class](https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/python/datastore/entities#Python_Kinds_and_identifiers) that stores each user's OAuth credentials and other useful information, like their name and profile URL. The class name is generally of the form <em>Site</em>Auth, e.g. `GitHubAuth`. Here are the useful methods:

- `site_name()` returns the human-readable string name of the site, e.g. "Facebook".

- `user_display_name()` returns a human-readable string name for the user, e.g. "Ryan Barrett". This is usually their first name, full name, or username.

- `access_token()` returns the OAuth access token. For OAuth 2 sites, this is a single string. For OAuth 1.1 sites (currently just Twitter, Tumblr, and Flickr), this is a `(string key, string secret)` tuple.

The following methods are optional. Auth entity classes usually implement at least one of them, but not all.

- `api()` returns a site-specific API object. This is usually a third party library dedicated to the site, e.g. [Tweepy](https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy) or [python-instagram](https://github.com/Instagram/python-instagram). See the site class's docstring for details.

- `urlopen(data=None, timeout=None)` wraps `urlopen()` and adds the OAuth credentials to the request. Use this for making direct HTTP request to a site's REST API. Some sites may provide `get()` instead, which wraps `requests.get()`.

Changelog
---

### 8.1 - unreleased

_Non-breaking changes:_

* `reddit`:
  * `RedditAuth`: implement `access_token`, returns `refresh_token`.

### 8.0 - 2026-07-01

_Breaking changes:_

Move `webutil` submodule out into its own package, `pywebutil` on PyPI.

_Non-breaking changes:_

* `reddit`: fix `TypeError` crash in `Callback` when request has no query params
* `bluesky`:
  * `StartBase.button_html`: add new `handle` kwarg. If provided, includes the handle in a hidden input instead of an text box.
  * Add new `make_session_callback` function: returns a `session_callback` for storing refreshed tokens to the datastore, for use with granary and lexrpc. Handles both legacy app password sessions and OAuth DPoP tokens.
  * `OAuthCallback` bug fix: load state from datastore correctly on error.
  * `PasswordCallback`: resolve the user's PDS when storing into `BlueskyAuth`.
  * `Callback`: return 400 on missing `login` query param.
  * Include `atproto-proxy` [service proxying header](https://atproto.com/specs/xrpc#service-proxying) for appview XRPC calls ([bridgy-fed#2519](https://github.com/snarfed/bridgy-fed/issues/2519)).
* `mastodon`:
  * `redirect_url`: bug fix for fediverse servers that don't include `version` in their `/api/v1/instance` response.

Packaging: migrate from `setup.py` to `pyproject.toml`.

### 7.0 - 2026-02-08

_Breaking changes:_

Remove Blogger and Medium.

Google has turned off Blogger's v2.0 API, which oauth-dropins used. [Bridgy](https://brid.gy/) was its main client, and used it to create comments, which the v3.0 API doesn't support. Sadly that means Bridgy will turn down its Blogger support, so I don't plan to port oauth-dropins's Blogger support to v3.0.

If you use Blogger via oauth-dropins and this is a problem for you, please get in touch, PRs are welcome!

[Medium effectively turned off their API a while ago](https://help.medium.com/hc/en-us/articles/213480228-API-Importing), it's been a dead man walking for years.

_Non-breaking changes:_

* IndieAuth:
  * Switch default provider from indieauth.com to indielogin.com.
* WordPress:
  * Handle edge case when user logs in without choosing a blog somehow.

### 6.8 - 2025-09-13

* Add new `created` and `updated` properties to auth models.
* Bluesky:
  * Clean handles more aggressively, eg strip more unprintable Unicode characters.
  * Add `redirect_uri` kwarg to `oauth_client_for_pds`, use in `OAuthStart` and `OAuthCallback`.
  * `OAuthStart.redirect_url`: normalize `localhost` to `127.0.0.1`.
* Mastodon:
  * `Start`: accept handles in instance URLs, eg `https://snarfed@mas.to`.
* Pixelfed:
  * `actor_id` bug fix.

### 6.7 - 2025-07-08
* Bluesky:
  * Add `$type: app.bsky.actor.defs#profileViewDetailed` to `BlueskyAuth.user_json`.
  * Add new `BlueskyAuth.oauth_api` method.
  * Remove invisible Unicode characters from handle ([bluesky-social/social-app#8451](https://github.com/bluesky-social/social-app/issues/8451)).
* Mastodon:
  * Change default [scope](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/api/oauth-scopes/) from `read:accounts` to `profile`.
  * Add new `MastodonAuth.actor_id` method.
* Pixelfed:
  * Add new `PixelfedAuth.actor_id` method.
* Add optional `auth` arg to `logout` to only log out a single account.
* WordPress:
  * Handle blog without valid URL.

### 6.6 - 2025-03-13

* Add [Bluesky OAuth](https://docs.bsky.app/docs/advanced-guides/oauth-client).
* Add [Threads](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/threads/).
* Store logins in the Flask session. Add new top-level `get_logins` and `logout` functions.
* Add new `pds_url` attribute to `BlueskyAuth`.
* Add new `BaseAuth.image_url` method.

### 6.5 - 2025-01-01

* IndieAuth:
  * Bug fix: handle relative URLs in `Link` headers. (Thanks [catgirlinspace](https://catgirlin.space/)!)

### 6.4 - 2024-06-24

Misc webutil updaates.

### 6.3 - 2024-03-15

* Bluesky:
  * Normalize handles to lower case, remove leading `@` ([bridgy#1667](https://github.com/snarfed/bridgy/issues/1667)).

Miscellaneous changes in `webutil`.

### 6.2 - 2023-09-15

Miscellaneous changes in `webutil`.

### 6.1 - 2023-03-22

_Non-breaking changes:_

* IndieAuth:
  * Store access token and refresh token in `IndieAuth` datastore entities.
* Flickr:
  * Handle errors from initial OAuth 1.0 authorization request.

### 6.0 - 2022-12-03

_Breaking changes:_

* Remove `webutil.handlers`, which was based on the largely unmaintained [`webapp2`](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/webapp2). All known clients have migrated to [Flask](https://palletsprojects.com/p/flask/) and `webutil.flask_util`.
* Drop Python 3.6 support. Python 3.7 is now the minimum required version.

_Non-breaking changes:_

* Add new `twitter_v2` module for Twitter's new [OAuth 2 with PKCE](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/authentication/oauth-2-0/authorization-code) support and [v2 API](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/migrate/whats-new).
* IndieAuth:
  * Add support for [authorization endpoints](https://indieauth.spec.indieweb.org/#authorization-endpoint), along with existing [token endpoint](https://indieauth.spec.indieweb.org/#token-endpoint) support. Thanks [@jamietanna](https://www.jvt.me/)! ([#284](https://github.com/snarfed/oauth-dropins/pull/284))
* Blogger:
  * Fix bug when user approves the OAuth prompt but has no Blogger blogs. Instead of crashing, we now redirect to the callback with `declined=True`, which is still wrong, but less bad.
* Mastodon:
  * Change `MastodonAuth.access_token_str` from ndb `TextProperty` to `StringProperty` so that it's indexed in the Datastore.
  * When the callback gets an invalid `state` parameter, return HTTP 400 instead of raising `JSONDecodeError`.
* Misc webutil updates.

### 5.0 - 2022-03-23

_Breaking changes:_

* Drop Python 3.5 support. Python 3.6 is now the minimum required version.

_Non-breaking changes:_

* Switch from app_server to `flask run` for local development.
* Add `webutil.util.set_user_agent` to set `User-Agent` header to be sent with all HTTP requests.

### 4.0 - 2021-09-15

_Breaking changes:_

* Migrate from [webapp2](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/webapp2/) to [Flask](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/). webapp2 had a good run, but it's no longer actively developed, and Flask is one of the most widely adopted standalone web frameworks in the Python community.
* Remove `to()` class methods. Instead, now pass redirect paths to Flask's `as_view()` function, eg:
    
    ```py
    app = Flask()
    app.add_url_rule('/start', view_func=twitter.Callback.as_view('start', '/oauth_callback'))
    ```
* Remove deprecated `blogger_v2` module alias.
* `webutil`: migrate webapp2 HTTP request handlers in the `handlers` module - `XrdOrJrdHandler`, `HostMetaHandler`, and `HostMetaXrdsHandler` - to Flask views in a new `flask_util` module.

_Non-breaking changes:_

* `webutil`: implement [Webmention](https://webmention.net/) protocol in new `webmention` module.
* `webutil`: add misc Flask utilities and helpers in new `flask_util` module.

### 3.1 - 2021-04-03

* Add Python 3.8 support, drop 3.3 and 3.4. Python 3.5 is now the minimum required version.
* Add [Pixelfed](https://pixelfed.org/) support, heavily based on Mastodon.
* Add [Reddit](https://pixelfed.org/) support. Thanks [Will Stedden](https://bonkerfield.org/)!
* WordPress.com:
  * Handle errors from access token request.

### 3.0 - 2020-03-14

_Breaking changes:_

* _Python 2 is no longer supported!_ Including the [App Engine Standard Python 2 runtime](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python/). On the plus side, the [Python 3 runtimes](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python3/), both [Standard](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python3/) and [Flexible](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/python/), are now supported.
* Replace `handlers.memcache_response()`, which used Python 2 App Engine's memcache service, with `cache_response()`, which uses local runtime memory.
* Remove the `handlers.TemplateHandler.USE_APPENGINE_WEBAPP` toggle to use Python 2 App Engine's `google.appengine.ext.webapp2.template` instead of Jinja.
* Blogger:
  * Login is now based on [Google Sign-In](https://developers.google.com/identity/). The `api_from_creds()`, `creds()`, and `http()` methods have been removed. Use the remaining `api()` method to get a `BloggerClient`, or `access_token()` to make API calls manually.
* Google:
  * Replace `GoogleAuth` with the new `GoogleUser` NDB model class, which [doesn't depend on the deprecated oauth2client](https://google-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/oauth2client-deprecation.html).
  * Drop `http()` method (which returned an `httplib2.Http`).
* Mastodon:
  * `StartHandler`: drop `APP_NAME`/`APP_URL` class attributes and `app_name`/`app_url` kwargs in the `to()` method and replace them with new `app_name()`/`app_url()` methods that subclasses should override, since they often depend on WSGI environment variables like `HTTP_HOST` and `SERVER_NAME` that are available during requests but not at runtime startup.
* `webutil`:
  * Drop `handlers.memcache_response()` since the Python 3 runtime doesn't include memcache.
  * Drop `handlers.TemplateHandler` support for `webapp2.template` via `USE_APPENGINE_WEBAPP`, since the Python 3 runtime doesn't include `webapp2` built in.
  * Remove `cache` and `fail_cache_time_secs` kwargs from `util.follow_redirects()`. Caching is now built in. You can bypass the cache with `follow_redirects.__wrapped__()`. [Details.](https://cachetools.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#cachetools.cached)

Non-breaking changes:

* Add Meetup support. (Thanks [Jamie Tanna](https://www.jvt.me/)!)
* Blogger, Google:
  * The `state` query parameter now works!
* Add new `outer_classes` kwarg to `button_html()` for the outer `<div>`, eg as Bootstrap columns.
* Add new `image_file` kwarg to `StartHandler.button_html()`

### 2.2 - 2019-11-01
* Add LinkedIn and Mastodon!
* Add Python 3.7 support, and improve overall Python 3 compatibility.
* Add new `button_html()` method to all `StartHandler` classes. Generates the same button HTML and styling as on [oauth-dropins.appspot.com](https://oauth-dropins.appspot.com/).
* Blogger: rename module from `blogger_v2` to `blogger`. The `blogger_v2` module name is still available as an alias, implemented via symlink, but is now deprecated.
* Dropbox: fix crash with unicode header value.
* Google: fix crash when user object doesn't have `name` field.
* Facebook: [upgrade Graph API version from 2.10 to 4.0.](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/changelog)
* Update a number of dependencies.
* Switch from Python's built in `json` module to [`ujson`](https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson/) (built into App Engine) to speed up JSON parsing and encoding.

### 2.0 - 2019-02-25
* _Breaking change_: switch from [Google+ Sign-In](https://developers.google.com/+/web/signin/) ([which shuts down in March](https://developers.google.com/+/api-shutdown)) to [Google Sign-In](https://developers.google.com/identity/). Notably, this removes the `googleplus` module and adds a new `google_signin` module, renames the `GooglePlusAuth` class to  `GoogleAuth`, and removes its `api()` method. Otherwise, the implementation is mostly the same.
* webutil.logs: return HTTP 400 if `start_time` is before 2008-04-01 (App Engine's rough launch window).

### 1.14 - 2018-11-12
* Fix dev_appserver in Cloud SDK 219 / `app-engine-python` 1.9.76 and onward. [Background.](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/117145272#comment25)
* Upgrade `google-api-python-client` from 1.6.3 to 1.7.4 to [stop using the global HTTP Batch endpoint](https://developers.googleblog.com/2018/03/discontinuing-support-for-json-rpc-and.html).
* Other minor internal updates.

### 1.13 - 2018-08-08
* IndieAuth: support JSON code verification responses as well as form-encoded ([snarfed/bridgy#809](https://github.com/snarfed/bridgy/issues/809)).

### 1.12 - 2018-03-24
* More Python 3 updates and bug fixes in webutil.util.

### 1.11 - 2018-03-08
* Add GitHub!
* Facebook:
    * Pass `state` to the initial OAuth endpoint directly, instead of encoding it into the redirect URL, so the redirect can [match the Strict Mode whitelist](https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/2017/12/18/strict-uri-matching/).
* Add Python 3 support to webutil.util!
* Add humanize dependency for webutil.logs.

### 1.10 - 2017-12-10
Mostly just internal changes to webutil to support granary v1.10.

### 1.9 - 2017-10-24
Mostly just internal changes to webutil to support granary v1.9.

* Flickr:
    * Handle punctuation in error messages.

### 1.8 - 2017-08-29
* Facebook:
    * Upgrade Graph API from v2.6 to v2.10.
* Flickr:
    * Fix broken `FlickrAuth.urlopen()` method.
* Medium:
    * Bug fix for Medium OAuth callback error handling.
* IndieAuth:
    * Store authorization endpoint in state instead of rediscovering it from `me` parameter, [which is going away](https://github.com/aaronpk/IndieAuth.com/issues/167).

### 1.7 - 2017-02-27
* Updates to bundled webutil library, notably WideUnicode class.

### 1.6 - 2016-11-21
* Add auto-generated docs with Sphinx. Published at [oauth-dropins.readthedocs.io](http://oauth-dropins.readthedocs.io/).
* Fix Dropbox bug with fetching access token.

### 1.5 - 2016-08-25
* Add [Medium](https://medium.com/).

### 1.4 - 2016-06-27
* Upgrade Facebook API from v2.2 to v2.6.

### 1.3 - 2016-04-07
* Add [IndieAuth](https://indieauth.com/).
* More consistent logging of HTTP requests.
* Set up Coveralls.

### 1.2 - 2016-01-11
* Flickr:
    * Add upload method.
    * Improve error handling and logging.
* Bug fixes and cleanup for constructing scope strings.
* Add developer setup and troubleshooting docs.
* Set up CircleCI.

### 1.1 - 2015-09-06
* Flickr: split out flickr_auth.py file.
* Add a number of utility functions to webutil.

### 1.0 - 2015-06-27
* Initial PyPi release.

Development
---
Pull requests are welcome! Feel free to [ping me in #indieweb-dev](https://indieweb.org/discuss) with any questions.

First, fork and clone this repo. Then, install the [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/) and run `gcloud components install cloud-firestore-emulator` to install the [Firestore emulator](https://cloud.google.com/firestore/docs/emulator). Once you have them, set up your environment by running these commands in the repo root directory:

```shell
gcloud config set project oauth-dropins
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

You can also use `uv` instead of `pip`, but if you do, pass it `--no-sources`.

Run the demo app locally with [`flask run`](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/cli/#run-the-development-server):

```shell
gcloud emulators firestore start --host-port=:8089 --database-mode=datastore-mode < /dev/null >& /dev/null &
GAE_ENV=localdev FLASK_ENV=development flask run -p 8080
```

To deploy to production:

`gcloud -q app deploy --no-cache --project=oauth-dropins *.yaml`

The docs are built with [Sphinx](http://sphinx-doc.org/), including [apidoc](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/man/sphinx-apidoc.html), [autodoc](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/ext/autodoc.html), and [napoleon](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/ext/napoleon.html). Configuration is in [`docs/conf.py`](https://github.com/snarfed/oauth-dropins/blob/master/docs/conf.py) To build them, first install Sphinx with `pip install sphinx`. (You may want to do this outside your virtualenv; if so, you'll need to reconfigure it to see system packages with `python3 -m venv --system-site-packages local`.) Then, run [`docs/build.sh`](https://github.com/snarfed/oauth-dropins/blob/master/docs/build.sh).

Release instructions
---
Here's how to package, test, and ship a new release. (Note that this is [largely duplicated in granary's readme too](https://github.com/snarfed/granary#release-instructions).)

1. Pull from remote to make sure we're at head.
    ```sh
    git checkout main
    git pull
    ```
1. Bump the version number in `pyproject.toml` and `docs/conf.py`. `git grep` the old version number to make sure it only appears in the changelog. Change the current changelog entry in `README.md` for this new version from _unreleased_ to the current date.
1. Build the docs. If you added any new modules, add them to the appropriate file(s) in `docs/source/`. Then run `./docs/build.sh`. Check that the generated HTML looks fine by opening `docs/_build/html/index.html` and looking around.
1. ```sh
   setenv ver X.Y
   git commit -am "release v$ver"
   ```
1. Upload to [test.pypi.org](https://test.pypi.org/) for testing.
    ```sh
    uv build
    twine upload -r pypitest dist/oauth_dropins-$ver.tar.gz dist/oauth_dropins-$ver-py3-none-any.whl
    ```
1. Install from test.pypi.org.
    ```sh
    cd /tmp
    python -m venv .venv
    source .venv/bin/activate.csh
    # mf2py 1.1.2 on test.pypi.org is broken :(
    pip install mf2py
    pip install -i https://test.pypi.org/simple --extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple oauth-dropins
    ```
1. Tag the release in git. In the tag message editor, delete the generated comments at bottom, leave the first line blank (to omit the release "title" in github), put `### Notable changes` on the second line, then copy and paste this version's changelog contents below it.
    ```sh
    git tag -a v$ver --cleanup=verbatim
    git push
    git push --tags
    ```
1. [Click here to draft a new release on GitHub.](https://github.com/snarfed/oauth-dropins/releases/new) Enter `vX.Y` in the _Tag version_ box. Leave _Release title_ empty. Copy `### Notable changes` and the changelog contents into the description text box.
1. Upload to [pypi.org](https://pypi.org/)!
    ```sh
    twine upload dist/oauth_dropins-$ver.tar.gz dist/oauth_dropins-$ver-py3-none-any.whl
    ```

Related work
---
* [Loginpass](https://github.com/authlib/loginpass)/[Authlib](https://authlib.org/)
* [Authomatic](https://authomatic.github.io/authomatic/)
* [Python Social Auth](https://python-social-auth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
* [Authl](https://authl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)

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