Training-Azure-DevOps

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Training-Azure-DevOps

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Using Azure Dev Ops to deploy Infrastructure as Code, Web application, Staging Slots and Docker images. Also, contains my best practices when using DevOps in the cloud.

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# Training-Azure-DevOps
This lab/walkthrough shows how to create a build and release pipeline that demostrates:
- Infrastructure as Code
  - Deploys an App Service
  - Deploys a Web App
  - Deploys a Function App (consumption plan using v2)
- Creates a build defination with CI
  - Builds code
  - Zips an Azure Function
  - Publishes code
- Create a release defination with CD
  - Deploys an ARM template
  - Uses Variables
  - Deploys a web app
  - Swap web app slots
  - Uses approvals
  - Uses conditions
  - Uses cloning to quickly duplicate environments
  - Uses gates
- Create a build defination for a Docker Image
  - Creates an Azure Container Registry
  - Builds the Docker image
  - Pushs the Docker image to an Azure Container Registry
- Create a release defination for a Docker Image
  - Creates a Linux App Service
  - Creates a Linux Web App 
  - Releases the Docker image from the ACR

# Setup
### Azure Setup
1. Create a resource group in Azure named: Training-Azure-DevOps
2. Create a resource group in Azure named: Training-Azure-DevOps-Docker
2. Create a service principle in Azure named (web/api): Training-Azure-DevOps-SP
3. Grant the service principle Contributor access to the resource groups

### Azure DevOps Setup
1. Create an Azure DevOps project named: Training-Azure-DevOps

# Web App Build and Release
### Open Azure DevOps
1. Click on Repos | Files
2. Click on Import under "or import a Repository"
3. Enter: https://github.com/AdamPaternostro/Training-Azure-DevOps.git

### Create a build defination
We will be using the visual interface to create a build defination for a .NET core app
1. Click on Pipelines | Builds
2. Click on New Pipeline button
3. Click on the small link "Use the visual designer"
4. Click on Azure Repos Git (should all be filled out) | Click Continue
5. Select template "ASP.NET Core"
6. Click Save & Queue (make sure it works)
7. Click on the Artifacts button.  You should see a zip.

### Alter build defination
We will added additional files to our artifact store in Azure DevOps.  These files can be scripts, resources or anything you need when creating your release pipeline.
1. Add a Copy Files task (click +) on the Agent
2. Move it above the Publish Artifact task
2. Set the Source folder: SampleWebApp-ARM-Templates
3. Set the Target folder: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
4. Build again
5. View artifacts and you should see arm-template.json in the artifacts

### Create a Release pipeline (Deploy ARM Template)
We not will create Azure resources (Infrastucture as Code).  This will create an App Service Plan, an App Service (your main Web App) and a slot (Web App).
1. Click on Pipelines | Releases | New Pipeline button
2. Click on Empty Job link (where it says Select a template)
3. Rename Stage 1 to Dev and click the X to close
4. Click on Add an Artifact
5. Select your build
6. Select Default version: Latest
7. Click on Variables at the top
8. Add variables
   - Environment -> DEV  (Note if you are working with several people all sharing a resource group them make this DEV-{yourname})
   - AppServicePlan -> TrainingAzureDevOpsAppServicePlan (you can specify what you like - must be globally unique in Azure)
   - WebApp -> TrainingAzureDevOpsWebApp (you can specify what you like - must be globally unique in Azure)
   - ResourceGroup -> Training-Azure-DevOps
9. Click on "New release pipeline" and change the name to something you like
10. Click Save
11. Click on Dev Stage
12. Add a task (click +)
13. Select "Azure Resource Group Deployment"
14. Click on the task
    - Click the manage link next to "Azure Subscription"
    - Click on New Service Connection
    - Click on Azure Resource Manager
    - Click on "Use the full version of the service connection dialog" (link at bottom)
    - Give it a name
    - Enter the Service Principle Id (Application Id)
    - Enter the Service Principle Key
    - Test the connection
    - If you get an error make sure the service principle exists and has Contributor access to your resource groups
    - Close the tab and return to your pipeline
    - Click the refresh button next to Azure Subscription
    - Select the connection you just setup
    - Enter the resource group name: $(ResourceGroup)  
    - Pick your location (I keep mine the same as my resource group)
       - You should make Location a variable and a parameter to your ARM template.  This is just "simplified" for the training.
    - Pick your template "arm-template.json"
    - Leave parameters blank, we do not have a parameters file
    - In "Override template parameters" enter: 
      ```
      -serverfarms_TrainingAzureDevOpsAppServicePlan_name $(AppServicePlan)-$(Environment) -sites_TrainingAzureDevOpsWebApp_name $(WebApp)-$(Environment) 
      ```
    - Leave Deployment Mode as Incremental (this is very important as Complete will remove unused resources which can do things like delete a storage account)
15. Save
16. Click on Release | Create a Release
   - You can click the Release-1 link to view the release (click on logs to see the progress)
   - You can view the resources being created in the Azure Portal

### Release pipeline (Deploy Code)
Now we want to deploy code (to the production slot).  We will deploy our sample web application and set an application setting that can be accessed as an environment variable.
1. Edit the release pipeline
2. Add a task to the Dev stage "Azure App Service Deploy"
3. Edit the settings
   - Set the subscription
   - Set App Service name to $(WebApp)-$(Environment)
   - Set the Package / Folder to the SampleWebApp.zip file (use the selector)
   - Set the App Settings to "-Environment $(Environment)" under Application and Configuration Settings
4. Disable the ARM deployment task (right click and disable). This is a time saver during development.
5. Save and Run a release
6. After the release open the website 
   - e.g. https://trainingazuredevopswebapp-dev.azurewebsites.net
   - Note: The staging slot will be empty at this point.

### Release pipeline (Deploy to slot)
You never want to deploy to your production slot.  You should always deploy to a staging slot, warm up your app and then swap the application into the production slot.
1. Edit the release pipeline
2. Edit the Web App Deployment
3. Click Deploy to Slot
   - Set resource group: $(ResourceGroup)
   - Set Slot to: Preprod
4. Save and Run a release
5. After the release open the websites 
   - e.g. https://trainingazuredevopswebapp-dev.azurewebsites.net/
   - e.g. https://trainingazuredevopswebapp-dev-PREPROD.azurewebsites.net/
6. You will notice the ServerName is the same (both apps are on the same server)

#### Notes (VERY IMPORTANT!)
You will have ERRORS if you do not do this!  Your errors will happen when you swap your slots AND when you autoscale!  It all really depends on how long your application takes to warm-up.  If your application take 1 to 15 seconds to warm-up then you are probably fine.  If your application takes 15 seconds to 15 minutes (yes, some apps take 15 minutes), then you need to properly warm-up your application.
- To warm up a Windows App Service: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/deploy-staging-slots#custom-warm-up
- To warm up a Linux App Service: https://github.com/AdamPaternostro/Azure-Web-App-Nginx-Reverse-Proxy-Dotnet-Core-Linux

### Release pipeline (Swap slot)
We will now take the code in our preprod slot and swap to the production slot.
1. Edit the release pipeline
2. Add a task to the Dev stage "Azure App Service Manage"
3. Edit the settings
   - Set the subscription
   - Set the App Service name: $(WebApp)-$(Environment)
   - Set the Resource Group: $(ResourceGroup)
   - Set the Source Slot: Preprod  
4. Save and Run a release

### Create QA Release
Once you have your Dev deployment up and running you can quickly create new environments by cloning your stage and using scoped variables.
1. Edit the release pipeline
2. Edit variables
3. Change Environment variable Scope to DEV (just the one variable)
4. Click on Pipeline
5. Clone the Dev Stage
6. Click on new Stage and rename to QA
7. Click on variables, you will see Environment twice (once for each stage)
8. Change the QA scope to "QA" for the value
9. Click on the QA stage and re-enable the ARM task
10. Save and Run a release

### Create Production Release
Now create a production environment, but we do not want to swap slots automatically.  You typically will push your code to the production staging slot and then smoke test with some business users. They will be hitting production data, so perform some read only tasks to make sure things are working.
1. Edit the release pipeline
2. Clone QA
3. Rename to Prod
4. Edit variables
5. In QA disable the ARM task
6. Clone Prod
7. Rename cloned Stage to Prod-Swap and Edit
8. Delete/Remove the ARM task from Prod-Swap Stage
9. Delete/Remove the Web Deploy task from Prod-Swap Stage
10. Edit the Prod stage
11. Delete/Remove the Swap Slots task (we  want this task just in the Prod-Swap stage)
12. Save and Run a release

### Add conditions
1. Added a variable called DeployARMTemplate and set the value to "false".  Leave the scope set to "Release" which means the value applies to all stages.
2. For each stage
   - Enable the ARM template
   - Edit the step
   - Under Control Options
   - Set Run this task to: Custom Conditions
   - Set Custom condition: eq(variables['DeployARMTemplate'], 'true')
3. Save and Run a release
   - You should see the ARM template skipped

### Add approvals
1. Edit the release pipeline
2. Click on the person icon on the right side of the Dev stage
3. Enable "Post-deployment approvals"
4. Enter your name
5. Click on the person icon on the right side of the QA stage
6. Enable "Post-deployment approvals"
7. Enter your name
8. Save and Run a release
   You can approve on https://dev.azure.com or click on the email

#### Note
You can add a stage that runs after the Prod Swap.  On the prod swap add a post approval and if the approval is rejected, we want to do another slot swap to put back the old code.

### Change the code and enable automatic builds/releases
1. Edit the Build defination
2. Click on Triggers
3. Click the "Enable continuous integration" checkbox
4. Save the Build (do not Save and queue)
5. Edit the Release pipeline
6. Click on the Lightning bolt icon on the Artifacts
7. Enable "Continuous deployment trigger"
8. Save the Release
9. Click on Repo | Files
10. Edit the file SampleWebApp/Views/Home/Index.cshtml
11. At the bottom enter
   ```
   <div id="row">
    <div class="col-md-12">
        New Release
    </div>
   </div>
   ```
12. Save the file
   - The build should kick off automatically (click on bulids)
   - The release should kick off automatically (click on releases when build is done)
   - You can verify the new code is moving through environments by viewing the websites (the prod slot will have the changes, the old site will be in the preprod slot)

### Implement a Gate
Gates allow you to apply custom business logic to your release pipeline.  You can test current metrics to see if a site is too busy to deploy and query a REST endpoints to check on conditions that need to be tested.
1. Edit the Build 
2. Clone the Copy Files task SampleWebApp-ARM-Templates
3. Edit the new task and change the folder to AzureFunction-ARM-Templates
4. Add a new task Archive Files
   - Root Folder: AzureFunction-Code
   - Uncheck "Prepend root folder name to archive paths"
   - Archive File to Create: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/AzureFunction.zip
5. Save and Build
6. Edit the Prod stage in the Release pipeline
7. Clone the ARM task
   - Edit Template path (e.g. $(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/_Training-Azure-DevOps-Build/drop/arm-function-template.json)
   - Edit the Override template parameters 
      - NOTE: You might need to change the storage account name (functionappstorage001) to be unique
     ```
     -AzureFunctionPlanName $(AppServicePlan)-Function-$(Environment) -AzureFunctionAppName $(WebApp)-Function-$(Environment)  -AzureFunctionStorageAccountName functionappstorage001
     ```
8. Clone the App Service Deploy task
   - Change App Type to Function App
   - Uncheck deploy to slot
   - Change the App Service Name: $(WebApp)-Function-$(Environment)
   - Change the Package / Folder path (e.g. $(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/_Training-Azure-DevOps-Build/drop/AzureFunction.zip)
   - Under Additional Deployment Options check off "Publish using Web Deploy"
   - Check off Remove additional files at destination
9. Change the variable DeployARMTemplate to "true" (since we have a new ARM template). 
   - You can disable the approvals as well to save time.     
10. Save and run to make sure things are working, you should also check to make sure the Function App was deployed      
11. Change the variable DeployARMTemplate to "false" if things worked
12. Go to the Function App in the Azure Portal and copy the URL / security code
13. Click on the Lightning bolt of the Prod Swap stage
    - Enable a gate
    - In the Azure Portal go to your fucntion app, you need to copy the URL for it
    - Enter the function url (e.g. https://trainingazuredevopswebapp-function-prod.azurewebsites.net/api/AzureDevOpsFunctionGate)
    - Enter the code (e.g. kw99xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx=)
    - Under advanced for Success Criteria enter "eq(root['status'], 'true')"
    - NOTE: If you have an apporval you can check the box "On successfuly gates, ask for approvals", this means your gate will be evaluated first and must be successful before asking for an approval
    - You can change the evaluation times as well for testing
14. Save and Run a release
    - You can watch the gate perform its test
    
You can try additional releases and change the Azure Functions return value.  You can unlock the function under Function App Settings | Function app edit mode.

## Notes 
- If your web app gets a DLL locked, then add a task (Azure App Service Manage) to restart the staging slot web app

- Some customers like to tear down the staging slot after deployments.  You can add this part of your pipeline.  I usually wait 1 to 2 hours before tearing down staging since if something goes wrong with the release your can quick swap slots.  You can add a step to perform the delete after a certain amount of time (e.g. Gate or an appoval with a deferred time).  Instead of "deleting" you staging slow, you can deploy an index.html file that is just empty and for Azure Functions you can have an empty function.

- My preprod staging slot is pointing to production resources and production databases

- If you are using Web Apps and use Slot specific variables be-aware that after your slot swap the appliction must recycle to load the values!  This negates most of the benefits of slots.  If your application has a quick warm up time for the first call, you might be alright, but if not, your users can see a delay.

- If your web app is event based, for instance an Azure Function that triggers based upon a blob, then when you deploy to a the preprod staging slot, this function is processing production data!
   - How do you handle this?  For a blob trigger, if your preprod slot picks up the blob, it is not like it can pass the event to the production slot.  You also cannot have the production slot monitoring one container and preprod monitoring a different one.  
   - My perference for all event driven logic, have an Azure function that places items in a queue (or just place the item in the queue to begin with).  Then process the queue only if you are in the production slot.  You can test the URL of the application in some cases (not if you are directing 90% of your traffic the production slot and 10% to staging).  Having an application configuration value will not help since when you swap slots the value will not change.  I worry about missing events - especailly when new code is being deployed for an event based process.

# Docker Build and Release

### Clean Up
1. Disable automatitic builds for pipeline. Since we are using a single repo for this training we want to stop automatic builds.

### Create a build pipeline
This will create an Azure Container Registry, build a Docker image, push the Docker image and copy some template files.  We are deploying an ARM template as part of a Build pipeline since our Docker tasks need this resource.
1. Create a new Build Defination (using the visual designer) and select "Docker Container" template
2. Add variables
   - ACR_Name -> TrainingAzureDevOpsContainerReg
   - AzureContainerRegistryConnection -> {"loginServer":"trainingazuredevopscontainerregdev.azurecr.io", "id" : "/subscriptions/{REPLACE ME SUBSCRIPTION GUID}/resourceGroups/Training-Azure-DevOps-Docker/providers/Microsoft.ContainerRegistry/registries/trainingazuredevopscontainerregdev"}
      - NOTE: This string has the world "dev" as a suffix.  The string is $(ACR_Name)$(Environment)
   - Environment -> DEV  (Note if you are working with several people all sharing a resource group them make this DEV-{yourname})
   - ResourceGroup -> Training-Azure-DevOps-Docker
3. Add a task Azure Resource Group Deployment (move to the top of the task list)
   - Set the Azure subscription
   - Set the Resource Group: $(ResourceGroup)
   - Set the Location: East US
   - Set the ARM template: (e.g. Sample-Docker-ARM-Templates/arm-template-acr.json)
   - Set the Override template parameters: 
   ```
   -ACR_Name $(ACR_Name)$(Environment)
   ```   
4. Click on Build Docker task
   - Set the Azure subscription
   - Set the Azure Container Registry: $(AzureContainerRegistryConnection)
5. Click on Push Docker image task
   - Set the Azure subscription
   - Set the Azure Container Registry: $(AzureContainerRegistryConnection)
5. Add a Copy File task (at the bottom)
   - Set the Source folder: Sample-Docker-ARM-Templates
   - Set the Target folder: $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)
5. Add a Publish Build Artifacts task  
6. Save and Queue

Check you build artifacts and make sure the Azure Container Registry was created.  We need to create this as part of the build (versus release).  You can view the image inthe repo via the portal.  Note the image name, it will match your Azure DevOps repo. Also, your ACR name has been set to lower case.  Mixed cases is not always supported with Docker.

### Create a Release pipeline
1. Create a new release pipeline
2. Select Empty job
3. Link your Artifacts
4. Add variables
   - ACR_Name -> TrainingAzureDevOpsContainerReg
   - ACR_Password -> Get from Azure Portal
   - AppServicePlan -> TrainingAzureDevOpsLinuxPlan (you can specify what you like - must be globally unique in Azure)
   - Environment -> DEV  (Note if you are working with several people all sharing a resource group them make this DEV-{yourname})
   - ResourceGroup -> Training-Azure-DevOps-Docker
   - WebApp -> TrainingAzureDevOpsLinuxApp (you can specify what you like - must be globally unique in Azure)
 5. Add a task Azure Resource Group Deployment
   - Set the Azure subscription
   - Set the Resource group: $(ResourceGroup)
   - Set Location:  "East US"
   - Set the Template location: $(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/_Training-Azure-DevOps-Docker/drop/arm-template-web.json
   - Set Override template parameters
   ```
   -sites_azuretrainingdockerimageapp_name $(WebApp)-$(Environment) -serverfarms_azuretrainingdockerimageappservice_name $(AppServicePlan)-$(Environment) -ACR_Name $(ACR_Name)$(Environment) -ACR_Password $(ACR_Password) -DockerImageName $(Build.Repository.Name) -DockerTag $(Build.BuildId)
   ```
6. Save and then Queue

Verify that the website is working.  If you get done the training early, then enhance this with QA and Prod stages.  Review the Dockerfile.  Note that it is totally self contained.  If you use Docker, some customers bulid/compile their code within their Docker.  They

### Notes
- You have to create your ACR before building/pushing our Docker image.  This is why the ACR ARM template is in the Build pipeline.  I consider this a "build" resource which is why it is created here.  Typically, I place all my ARM templates in my Release pipeline.
- For best Docker build performance use your own agent so you do not need to rebuild every layer (which will happen on a hosted agent)
- You might have noticed we are getting the ACR password by hand.  A better apporach would be to save the password to Azure KeyVault when creating the ACR.  Then reference the KeyVault value with a Variable Group.
- When creating Docker image try to keep your layers < 100 MB.  The layers are stored in Azure Blob storage and what you want is many layers being pulled in parallel.  Having a 1 GB layer will have issues if 10 web servers are trying to pull at the same time.
- If you notice we are not tagging the Docker image with Latest.  We are using specific build numbers.  This helps in Rollback and a lot of people just pull latest, but if are using Slots then this can cause confusion.

# DevOps Best Practices
https://github.com/AdamPaternostro/DevOps-Best-Practices

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