Jupiter-II-Expansion

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Jupiter-II-Expansion

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Expansion board for Jupiter-II computer

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# Jupiter-II Expansion
An Expansion board for the [Jupiter-II](https://github.com/ricaflops/Jupiter-II) computer

## Expands Jupiter-II with
- Video color: 16 colors, RGB output
- Programmable Sound Generator
- 128K RAM: paged
- 16K ROM: FORTH vocabulary extension
- Serial Interface

![Jupiter-II Color Screen](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ricaflops/Jupiter-II-Expansion/master/Jupiter-II_color.jpg)

![Jupiter-II Expansion KiCAD 3D view](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ricaflops/Jupiter-II-Expansion/master/Jupiter-II_expansion.jpg)

## FORTH code examples

### Colors
```
CYAN BORDER ( Change screen border color )
WHITE PAPER ( Set char background color )
BLUE DARK INK ( Set char foreground color )

: COLORBAR
  CLS 10 8 AT 16 0
  DO
   I INK 144 EMIT
  LOOP 
  BLACK INK
  ;
COLORBAR ( Show a colorfull bar )
```

### Memory/Screen/Font Paging
```
0 FONT  ( select alternative character set )
1 FONT  ( select original character set )

0 SCREEN ( select screen page 0 )
1 SCREEN ( select screen page 1 )

0 MPAGE ( select memory page 0 )
3 MPAGE ( select memory page 3 )
```

### Sounds
```
: PING
  200 0 PSG!
  254 7 PSG!
  16 8 PSG!
  20 12 PSG!
  1 13 PSG!
;

: SHOT
  8 6 PSG!
  247 7 PSG!
  16 8 PSG!
  20 12 PSG!
  1  13 PSG!
;
```

### Serial Comm Port
8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.
```
CREATE BUFFER 256 ALLOT ( Create and Allocate a memory space to work )
: CLRBUF BUFFER 256 32 FILL ; ( Clear Buffer )
: PRTBUF CR 256 0 DO BUFFER I + EMIT LOOP CR ; ( Print Buffer )

9600 BAUD     ( set communication baud rate )
CLRBUF        ( Clear Buffer )
BUFFER 256 RX ( Receive 256 bytes from serial line )
PRTBUF        ( View received data )
BUFFER 256 TX ( Transmit 256 bytes over serial line )
```
*Note: use Space key to abort communication if needed*

# Extra FORTH vocabulary
The extended vocabulary is copied from XROM to a unused 1K RAM area at $3000-$33FF of Jupiter-II during initialization.
That allows safe memory paging while keeping the extra Words accessible.

### Standard FORTH words

```
COUNT ( addr -- addr+1 c )  Extract String length
+! ( n addr -- )  Add 'n' to 'addr' variable
? ( addr -- )  Print variable value
CMOVE ( addr1 addr2 n -- )  Copy 'n' bytes from 'addr1' to 'addr2'
FILL  ( addr n c -- )  Fill 'n' bytes with 'c' starting from 'addr'
DEPTH ( -- n )  Data Stack Depth
HEX   ( -- )  Set numeric base to Hexadecimal
```

### Programmable Sound Generator

```
PSG! ( c reg -- ) Write 'c' to PSG register 'reg'
PSG@ ( reg -- c ) Read PSG register 'reg' contents
```

### Colors

```
BORDER ( c -- ) Set screen BORDER to color 'c' , 0 to 15
INK    ( c -- ) Set character INK to color 'c' , 0 to 15
PAPER  ( c -- ) Set character PAPER to color 'c' , 0 to 15
BLACK  ( -- c ) Stack color code for Black
GREY   ( -- c ) Stack color code for Grey
BLUE   ( -- c ) Stack color code for Blue
GREEN  ( -- c ) Stack color code for Green
CYAN   ( -- c ) Stack color code for Cyan
RED    ( -- c ) Stack color code for Red
PURPLE ( -- c ) Stack color code for Purple
YELLOW ( -- c ) Stack color code for Yellow
WHITE  ( -- c ) Stack color code for White
DARK   ( c1 -- c2 ) Change color code on stack to a darker tone
```

### Serial Communication
8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.

```
BAUD ( n --  )  Set UART to Baud rate 'n'
TX ( addr n --  )  Transmit 'n' bytes starting from 'addr' to serial line
RX ( addr n --  )  Receive 'n' bytes from serial line to memory 'addr'
```

Avoid transfering to/from video RAM using video circuit priority addressing. That prevents transfer speeds above 1200 bauds.
- Video RAM from $2400 to $27FF. Use mirror addressing $2000 to $23FF instead (CPU priority).
- Character Genrator RAM from $2C00 to $2FFF. Use mirror addressing $2800 to $2BFF instead (CPU priority).

*Note: Character Generator RAM is write only*

### Memory Paging
```
MPAGE  ( c -- ) Select memory page 'c' , 0 to 3
SCREEN ( c -- ) Select Screen page 'c' , 0 or 1
FONT   ( c -- ) Select character set 'c' , 0 or 1
```
![Memry Paging](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ricaflops/Jupiter-II-Expansion/master/mem_paging.png)

*Note: System resets to page 3*

## Programmable Sound Generator Registers
![Programmable Sound Generator Registers](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ricaflops/Jupiter-II-Expansion/master/psg_registers.png)

```
   bits: 76543210 76543210
  R1 R0: ----tttt tttttttt : Tone generator A period (12-bits) 0-4095
  R3 R2: ----tttt tttttttt : Tone generator B period (12-bits) 0-4095
  R5 R4: ----tttt tttttttt : Tone generator C period (12-bits) 0-4095
     R6:          ---ttttt : Noise generator period  (5-bits)  0-31
     R7:          ppcbaCBA : I/O port and sound channel enablers
     R8:          ---Mvvvv : Channel A Volume (v) and Envelope Mode (M)
     R9:          ---Mvvvv : Channel B Volume (v) and Envelope Mode (M)
    R10:          ---Mvvvv : Channel C Volume (v) and Envelope Mode (M)
R12 R11: tttttttt tttttttt : Envelope period (16-bits) 0-65535
    R13:          ----calh : Envelope Shape: Continue (c), Attack (a), Alternate(l), Hold (h)
    R14:          dddddddd : I/O Port-A data
    R15:          dddddddd : I/O Port-B data
```

**R0..R6**: Tone and Noise Period (Frequency) settings 
> t = 203125 / f , where f is the desirable frequency in Hz 
> Tone Range: 49.6 Hz to 203.1 kHz (0..4095) 
> Noise Range: 6.55 kHz to 293.1 kHz (0..31)

**R7**: Tone and Noise Mixer and I/O Ports direction 
- bit0: when 0 enables tone A on channel A, 1 disables it
- bit1: when 0 enables tone B on channel B, 1 disables it
- bit2: when 0 enables tone C on channel C, 1 disables it
- bit3: when 0 enables Noise on channel A, 1 disables it
- bit4: when 0 enables Noise on channel B, 1 disables it
- bit5: when 0 enables Noise on channel C, 1 disables it
- bit6: when 0 set digital Port-A as input, 1 set it as output
- bit7: when 0 set digital Port-B as input, 1 set it as output

**R8..R10**: Channel volume 
- bit4 : when 0 volume is fixed, when 1 volume is Envelope controlled
- bit3-0: Fixed volume value (0-31)

**R11, R12**: Envelope period 
> t = s / 78.769e-6 , where s is the desirable period in seconds 
> Period range: 78.8 us to 5.16 seconds

**R13**: Envelope Shape combination 
- bit3: Continue: when 1 follows Hold setting, when 0 resets down after one cycle
- bit2: Attack: when 1 attack ramps up, when 0 ramps down
- bit1: Alternate: when 1 envelope shape reverses on each cycle (up/down)
- bit0: Hold: when 1 limits to one cycle and sustain final value

**R14, R15**: Digital I/O Port data 
- Port A (register 14) controls PAPER and INK colors
- Port B (register 15) controls BORDER color and paging

![Programmable Sound Generator Ports](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ricaflops/Jupiter-II-Expansion/master/psg_io-ports.png)

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