bash-ini-parser

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bash-ini-parser

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Bash/Zsh INI Parser Library

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# Bash INI Parser

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A robust shell script library for parsing and manipulating INI configuration files in Bash and Zsh.

## Features

- **Read and write** values from/to INI files
- **List sections and keys** in INI files
- **Add, update, and remove** sections and keys
- **Rename sections and keys** with validation
- **Validate INI file structure** for correctness
- **Format and organize** INI files with indentation and sorting
- **Batch operations** for efficient bulk updates
- **Merge files** with configurable conflict resolution strategies
- **Export to JSON and YAML** formats
- **Supports complex values** including quotes, spaces, and special characters
- **Array support** for storing multiple values
- **Import/export functionality** between files and environment variables
- **Extensive error handling** with detailed error messages
- **Debug mode** for troubleshooting
- **Configurable behavior** through environment variables
- **Security features** including path validation, file locking, and atomic operations
- **Backwards compatible** with previous versions
- **Zsh compatibility** with local emulation support

## Installation

Simply include the `lib_ini.sh` script in your project and source it in your shell scripts:

```bash
source /path/to/lib_ini.sh
```

## Basic Usage

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# (Also works with #!/bin/zsh)
source ./lib_ini.sh

# Create a new INI file with sections and keys
CONFIG_FILE="config.ini"
ini_add_section "$CONFIG_FILE" "app"
ini_write "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "name" "My Application"
ini_write "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "version" "1.0.0"

# Read values
app_name=$(ini_read "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "name")
echo "App name: $app_name"

# List sections and keys
echo "Available sections:"
ini_list_sections "$CONFIG_FILE" | while read section; do
    echo "- $section"
    echo "  Keys:"
    ini_list_keys "$CONFIG_FILE" "$section" | while read key; do
        value=$(ini_read "$CONFIG_FILE" "$section" "$key")
        echo "  - $key = $value"
    done
done

# Remove a key
ini_remove_key "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "name"

# Remove a section
ini_remove_section "$CONFIG_FILE" "app"
```

## Advanced Features

### Array Support

```bash
# Write array values
ini_write_array "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "supported_formats" "jpg" "png" "gif"

# Read array values
formats=$(ini_read_array "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "supported_formats")
for format in $formats; do
    echo "Format: $format"
done
```

### Default Values

```bash
# Get a value or use a default if not found
timeout=$(ini_get_or_default "$CONFIG_FILE" "app" "timeout" "30")
```

### Environment Variables Export

```bash
# Export all INI values to environment variables with a prefix
ini_to_env "$CONFIG_FILE" "CFG"
echo "App name from env: $CFG_app_name"

# Export only one section
ini_to_env "$CONFIG_FILE" "CFG" "database"
```

### File Import

```bash
# Import all values from one INI file to another
ini_import "defaults.ini" "config.ini"

# Import only specific sections
ini_import "defaults.ini" "config.ini" "section1" "section2"
```

### Key Existence Check

```bash
if ini_key_exists "config.ini" "app" "version"; then
    echo "The key exists"
fi
```

### File Validation

```bash
# Validate the structure of an INI file
if ini_validate "config.ini"; then
    echo "File is valid"
else
    echo "File has errors"
fi
```

### Get All Keys from a Section

```bash
# Get all key=value pairs from a section at once
ini_get_all "config.ini" "app"
# Output:
# name=My Application
# version=1.0.0
# debug=true
```

### Rename Sections and Keys

```bash
# Rename a section
ini_rename_section "config.ini" "old_section" "new_section"

# Rename a key within a section
ini_rename_key "config.ini" "app" "old_key" "new_key"
```

### Format INI Files

```bash
# Format file with indentation and sorted keys
ini_format "config.ini" 2 1
# Parameters: file, indent_spaces, sort_keys (0=no, 1=yes)

# Basic formatting (no indentation, no sorting)
ini_format "config.ini"
```

### Batch Write Operations

```bash
# Write multiple key-value pairs at once
ini_batch_write "config.ini" "app" \
    "name=MyApp" \
    "version=1.0" \
    "debug=true" \
    "timeout=30"
```

### Merge INI Files

```bash
# Merge source.ini into target.ini with overwrite strategy
ini_merge "source.ini" "target.ini" "overwrite"

# Available strategies:
# - "overwrite": Replace existing values with source values
# - "skip": Keep existing values, only add new keys
# - "merge": Append source values to existing values (comma-separated)

# Merge only specific sections
ini_merge "source.ini" "target.ini" "overwrite" "section1" "section2"
```

### Export to JSON and YAML

```bash
# Export to JSON (compact format)
ini_to_json "config.ini" 0

# Export to JSON (pretty format with indentation)
ini_to_json "config.ini" 1

# Export to YAML (default 2-space indent)
ini_to_yaml "config.ini"

# Export to YAML (custom indent)
ini_to_yaml "config.ini" 4
```

## Configuration Options

The library's behavior can be customized by setting these variables either directly in your script after sourcing the library or as environment variables before sourcing the library:

```bash
# Method 1: Set in your script after sourcing
source ./lib_ini.sh
INI_DEBUG=1

# Method 2: Set as environment variables before sourcing
export INI_DEBUG=1
source ./lib_ini.sh
```

Available configuration options:

```bash
# Enable debug mode to see detailed operations
INI_DEBUG=1

# Enable strict validation of section and key names
INI_STRICT=1

# Allow empty values
INI_ALLOW_EMPTY_VALUES=1

# Allow spaces in section and key names
INI_ALLOW_SPACES_IN_NAMES=1
```

## Library Enhancements

### Security Improvements

- **Input validation** for all parameters
- **Path traversal protection** to prevent directory traversal attacks
- **Secure regex handling** with proper escaping of special characters
- **Temporary file security** with automatic cleanup and tracking
- **File permission checks** to ensure proper access rights
- **File locking** to prevent race conditions during concurrent writes
- **Atomic operations** with backup creation for data integrity
- **Symlink resolution** to prevent malicious symlink attacks
- **File size validation** to prevent resource exhaustion
- **Environment variable name sanitization** for safe export
- **Automatic directory creation** when needed

### Core Function Enhancements

#### File Operations
- `ini_check_file` automatically creates directories and verifies permissions
- Atomic write operations to prevent file corruption during updates

#### Reading and Writing
- Support for quoted values and special characters
- Better handling of complex strings
- Robust error detection and reporting

#### Utility Functions
- `ini_debug` - Displays debug messages when debug mode is enabled
- `ini_error` - Standardized error message format
- `ini_validate_section_name` and `ini_validate_key_name` - Validate input data
- `ini_validate_path` - Validates file paths and prevents traversal attacks
- `ini_resolve_symlink` - Safely resolves symbolic links
- `ini_check_file_size` - Validates file size limits
- `ini_validate_env_var_name` - Validates environment variable names
- `ini_lock_file` and `ini_unlock_file` - File locking for concurrent access
- `ini_create_temp_file` - Creates temporary files securely
- `ini_trim` - Removes whitespace from strings
- `ini_escape_for_regex` - Properly escapes special characters

#### Advanced Functions
- `ini_validate` - Validates complete INI file structure
- `ini_get_all` - Retrieves all key-value pairs from a section
- `ini_rename_section` - Renames a section in the file
- `ini_rename_key` - Renames a key within a section
- `ini_format` - Formats and organizes INI files
- `ini_batch_write` - Writes multiple key-value pairs efficiently
- `ini_merge` - Merges INI files with configurable strategies
- `ini_to_json` - Exports INI file to JSON format
- `ini_to_yaml` - Exports INI file to YAML format

### Advanced Usage Examples

#### Working with Multiple Files

```bash
# Import default settings, then override with user settings
ini_import "defaults.ini" "config.ini"
ini_import "user_prefs.ini" "config.ini"

# Copy specific sections between files
ini_import "source.ini" "target.ini" "section1" "section2"
```

#### Integration with Database Scripts

```bash
# Load database configuration into environment variables
ini_to_env "database.ini" "DB"

# Use in database commands
mysql -h "$DB_mysql_host" -u "$DB_mysql_user" -p"$DB_mysql_password" "$DB_mysql_database"
```

#### Array Manipulation

```bash
# Store a list of roles in an array
ini_write_array "config.ini" "permissions" "roles" "admin" "user" "guest"

# Read and process array values
roles=$(ini_read_array "config.ini" "permissions" "roles")
for role in $roles; do
    echo "Processing role: $role"
    # Additional processing...
done
```

## Examples

Check the `examples` directory for complete usage examples:

- `basic_usage.sh`: Demonstrates core functionality
- `advanced_usage.sh`: Shows advanced features

## Testing

Run the comprehensive test suite:

```bash
make test
```

The test suite includes:
- **Basic tests** (47 tests): Core functionality validation
- **Extended tests** (24 tests): Advanced features like arrays and imports
- **Environment override tests** (12 tests): Configuration option validation
- **Security tests** (25 tests): Security and durability improvements
- **Advanced features tests** (39 tests): New advanced features validation
- **BOM support tests** (15 tests): UTF-8 BOM handling validation

**Total: 162 tests** covering all library functionality, validated in both **Bash** and **Zsh**.

### Running Tests

Run tests for both shells:
```bash
make test
```

Run tests only for Bash:
```bash
make test-bash
```

Run tests only for Zsh:
```bash
make test-zsh
```

## License

This project is licensed under the BSD License, a permissive free software license with minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software.

## Author

- **Leandro Ferreira**
- Website: [leandrosf.com](https://leandrosf.com)

## Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

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