Calendar.jl

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Calendar time package for Julia

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Calendar.jl: Calendar time for Julia
====================================

Calendar.jl is a simple, timezone-aware, localized calendar date & time module for Julia.
The design is inspired by Hadley Wickham's lubridate package for R and the ISO 8601 standard.

Installation
------------

To install the package:

julia> Pkg.add("Calendar")

Then, to load into your session:

julia> using Calendar

Calendar.jl requires the [International Components for Unicode (ICU) libraries](http://site.icu-project.org/)
be installed on your system. It comes preinstalled on OS X and most Linux desktop distributions, but if not:

* Arch: `pacman -S icu`
* Fedora: `yum install icu`
* Ubuntu: `aptitude install libicu48`

On Windows, binaries are available [here](http://site.icu-project.org/download).

Creating times
--------------

```jlcon
julia> t = now()
Dec 3, 2012 12:58:52 PM EST

julia> t = ymd_hms(2013, 5, 2, 13, 45, 7)
May 2, 2013 1:45:07 PM EDT

julia> t = ymd_hms(2013, 5, 2, 13, 45, 7, "PST")
May 2, 2013 1:45:07 PM PDT
```

String formatting & parsing
---------------------------

```jlcon
julia> t = ymd_hms(2013, 3, 10, 1, 59, 59)
Mar 10, 2013 1:59:59 AM EST

julia> s = format("yyyy-MMMM-dd HH:mm:ss V", t)
"2013-March-10 01:59:59 EST"

julia> t2 = Calendar.parse("yyyy-MMMM-dd HH:mm:ss V", s)
Mar 10, 2013 1:59:59 AM EST

julia> t == t2
true
```

The format patterns are from
[Unicode Technical Standard #35](http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#Date_Format_Patterns).
See [here](http://userguide.icu-project.org/formatparse/datetime) for details on ICU's implementation.

Extracting & setting fields
---------------------------

```jlcon
julia> t
May 2, 2013 1:45:07 PM PDT

julia> month(t)
5

julia> week(t)
18
```

Available fields:

<table>
<tr><td>
    year(d)       </td><td>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    month(d)      </td><td> numbered 1-12
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    week(d)       </td><td> week of year
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    day(d)        </td><td> day of month
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    dayofyear(d)  </td><td>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    dayofweek(d)  </td><td> Sunday = 1, ..., Saturday = 7
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    hour(d)       </td><td> 24hr clock
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    hour12(d)     </td><td> 12hr clock
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    minute(d)     </td><td>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    second(d)     </td><td>
</td></tr>
</table>

The two-argument form lets you set individual fields:

```jlcon
julia> t2 = now()
Dec 3, 2012 3:53:08 PM EST

julia> minute(t2, 7)
Dec 3, 2012 3:07:08 PM EST

julia> year(t2, 1984)
Dec 3, 1984 3:07:08 PM EST
```
 
Tests
-----

```jlcon
julia> t
May 2, 2013 1:45:07 PM PDT

julia> isAM(t)
false
```

<table>
<tr><td>
    isAM(d)       </td><td> is time before noon?
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    isPM(d)       </td><td> is time after noon?
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
    isleapyear(d) </td><td> is leap year?
</td></tr>
</table>

Durations
---------

```jlcon
julia> t
May 2, 2013 1:45:07 PM PDT

julia> t + months(2)
Jul 2, 2013 1:45:07 PM PDT

julia> t + days(60)
Jul 1, 2013 1:45:07 PM PDT

julia> d = years(1) + minutes(44)
1 year + 44 minutes

julia> t + d
May 2, 2014 2:29:07 PM PDT
```

Available durations: `years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds`

Timezones
---------

```jlcon
julia> est = ymd_hms(2013, 3, 10, 1, 59, 59)
Mar 10, 2013 1:59:59 AM EST

julia> pst = timezone(est, "PST")  # change timezone
Mar 9, 2013 10:59:59 PM PST

julia> est + seconds(1)      # note daylight savings time transition
Mar 10, 2013 3:00:00 AM EDT

julia> pst + seconds(1)
Mar 9, 2013 11:00:00 PM PST
```

Ranges
------

Just as `1:2:10` represents the integers 1,3,5,7,9; `<time1>:<duration>:<time2>`
represents the times `<time1>, <time1>+<duration>, <time1>+2<duration>, ...`

```jlcon
julia> t = now()
2012-12-04 10:24:19 PM EST

julia> t2 = t + minutes(4)
2012-12-04 10:28:19 PM EST

julia> r = t:minutes(1):t2
2012-12-04 10:24:19 PM EST:1 minute:2012-12-04 10:28:19 PM EST

julia> for x in r println(x) end
2012-12-04 10:24:19 PM EST
2012-12-04 10:25:19 PM EST
2012-12-04 10:26:19 PM EST
2012-12-04 10:27:19 PM EST
2012-12-04 10:28:19 PM EST
```

Localization (i18n)
-------------------

Based on your system settings, dates will be displayed as:

China:
```jlcon
julia> Calendar.now()
2012-12-6 GMT-0500下午4时09分23秒
```

Germany:
```jlcon
julia> Calendar.now()
06.12.2012 16:08:36 GMT-05:00
```

France:
```jlcon
julia> Calendar.now()
6 déc. 2012 16:07:56 UTC-05:00
```

etc...

Calendar.jl

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