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# WordPress to Astro Migration Skill

A Claude Code skill for migrating WordPress blogs to Astro static sites. Built from real migrations across multiple sites — a personal blog with 180+ posts ([pmillerd.com](https://pmillerd.com)), a book/podcast site with 120+ posts ([pathlesspath.com](https://pathlesspath.com)), a bilingual podcast/blog ([angiecreates.io](https://angiecreates.io)), and a consulting content site ([strategyu.co](https://strategyu.co)).

| [pmillerd.com](https://pmillerd.com) | [pathlesspath.com](https://pathlesspath.com) |
|---|---|
| ![pmillerd.com — personal blog migrated from WordPress](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulmil11/wordpress-blog-to-astro-skill/main/images/pmillerd-screenshot.png) | ![pathlesspath.com — book and podcast site on Cloudflare](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulmil11/wordpress-blog-to-astro-skill/main/images/pathlesspath-screenshot.png) |

| [strategyu.co](https://strategyu.co) | [angiecreates.io](https://angiecreates.io) |
|---|---|
| ![StrategyU — consulting skills site on Vercel](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulmil11/wordpress-blog-to-astro-skill/main/images/strategyu-screenshot.png) | ![Angie Creates — bilingual podcast/blog on Cloudflare Pages](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulmil11/wordpress-blog-to-astro-skill/main/images/angiecreates-screenshot.png) |

## What This Skill Does

When you invoke `/wordpress-to-astro` in any project, Claude gets loaded with the full migration playbook: a 7-phase pipeline, ready-to-customize script templates, and a troubleshooting guide covering dozens of real issues.

Claude will walk you through the migration step by step, asking the right questions upfront and adapting scripts to your specific site.

## Install

Personal (just you):
```bash
# Copy skill files to your local Claude skills directory
mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills/wordpress-to-astro
# Then copy SKILL.md, migration-scripts.md, common-issues.md, post-migration-patterns.md into it
```

As a plugin (shareable):
```
/install github:paulmil11/wordpress-blog-to-astro-skill
```

## How It Works

### The Migration Pipeline

The skill guides Claude through 7 phases, run in order:

1. **Extract** — Parse your WordPress XML export into structured JSON. Pulls out titles, slugs, dates, categories, tags, featured images (via `_thumbnail_id` postmeta lookup), and full HTML content.

2. **Convert** — Transform WordPress HTML to clean Markdown using Turndown with custom rules. Preserves YouTube/podcast/Substack embeds as raw HTML. Strips WordPress block comments, spacer blocks, and page builder wrappers. Generates YAML frontmatter with dual date fields (`date` for display, `rawDate` for sorting).

3. **Download Images** — Scan all markdown for external image URLs, download them locally to `public/images/posts/`, and rewrite all references. Handles CDN redirects (up to 5 hops), tracks failures, and is idempotent (safe to re-run).

4. **Clean Up** — Remove boilerplate (host social links, platform CTAs, subscription prompts) while intelligently preserving guest content. Standardize categories. Fix broken links from old domains. Normalize percent-encoded CJK filenames. Fix protocol-relative URLs in embeds. Convert bare Twitter/X URLs to markdown links.

5. **Generate Missing Content** — Auto-create landing pages for content that exists in external feeds (podcast RSS, newsletters) but has no blog post yet. Match by episode number, inject embed players.

6. **Build & Deploy** — Verify the Astro build, configure platform-specific redirects (Netlify `_redirects`, Vercel `vercel.json`, Cloudflare Pages), and deploy. For domain migrations, generate WordPress Redirection plugin CSV for the old site.

7. **Post-Migration Polish** — Fix remaining broken internal links, build standalone pages from old site content (coaching, reading lists, tools pages), implement dark mode, add blog page features (category filtering, search, sort by reading time), visual polish (gradient transitions, responsive layouts).

### What Claude Asks You First

Before writing any code, the skill prompts Claude to ask about your specific setup:

| Question | Why It Matters |
|----------|---------------|
| **Source platform** — WordPress.com or self-hosted? | Affects XML export structure and image URL patterns |
| **Hosting target** — Cloudflare Pages, Vercel, or Netlify? | Determines redirect config format and deploy setup |
| **Content types** — Blog only? Podcast? Events? Portfolio? | Controls which scripts get created |
| **Languages** — Monolingual or multilingual? | Affects filename handling, reading time calculation, regex patterns for cleanup |
| **Old domain** — Need redirects from old URLs? | Creates redirect mapping from WordPress slugs |
| **External feeds** — Podcast RSS? Newsletter? | Enables auto-generation of missing content pages |
| **Embeds** — YouTube, podcast players, Instagram, Substack? | Configures Turndown custom rules to preserve specific embed types |
| **Dark mode** — Light/dark theme toggle? | CSS custom properties + `[data-theme]` attribute approach |
| **Blog features** — Category filtering, search, sort, stats? | Inline JS on blog index page |

### Key Architecture Decisions

The skill encodes opinions that come from doing this multiple times:

- **Content Collections over JSON** — Frontmatter lives with the content, type-safe via Zod
- **Plain Markdown, not MDX** — WordPress HTML is too messy for MDX's strict parser
- **Static output** — No server needed, fastest loads, simplest deploys
- **GitHub as CMS** — Edit markdown directly, version control built in
- **Single `[slug].astro` route** — One template for all posts, zero duplication
- **Dual date fields** — `date` for human-readable display, `rawDate` for reliable sorting
- **Never edit the author's content** — Only fix structural issues (links, embeds, frontmatter). Preserve exact words.

## What's Included

### `SKILL.md` — Main Migration Guide
The core skill file. Contains the 7-phase pipeline, project structure template, content collection schema, dependency list, architecture decisions, and customization points. This is what Claude reads when you invoke the skill.

### `migration-scripts.md` — Script Templates
Ready-to-customize code for every phase:

- **WordPress XML Parser** — Extract posts, categories, tags, featured images from export XML using `xml2js`
- **HTML-to-Markdown Converter** — Turndown with custom rules for embeds, tables, WordPress block comments
- **Image Downloader** — Bulk download external images with redirect following, failure tracking, URL rewriting
- **RSS-to-Markdown Converter** — Simpler HTML conversion for RSS feed content (critical: prevents URL jamming by adding spaces around `<a>` tag replacements)
- **Boilerplate Cleanup Pattern** — URL-pattern-based detection that distinguishes host content from guest content
- **Platform Redirect Generators** — Output `_redirects` (Netlify/Cloudflare) or `vercel.json` format
- **CJK Reading Time** — Counts Chinese characters (~350/min) separately from Latin words (~238/min)
- **Astro-to-Markdown Converter** — For two-stage migrations where posts were first generated as `.astro` pages then converted to content collections

Optional scripts (not needed for every migration):
- **Restore Missing Images from XML** — Block-level diffing of current markdown against WordPress XML source to find and re-inject lost image blocks. Fuzzy image name matching, position inference, and legacy server download with redirect following
- **RSS Feed to Content Stubs** — Generate landing pages for podcast episodes (or newsletter issues) that exist in an RSS feed but don't have blog posts. Entry number matching, duplicate detection, platform-agnostic embed injection

### `post-migration-patterns.md` — Post-Migration Enhancements
Patterns for building out the Astro site after content is migrated:

- **SEO Meta Tags** — Full OG, Twitter Card, JSON-LD structured data, canonical URLs, noindex support
- **Auto-Generated Featured Images** — SVG generation from post titles with keyword-based icons (no need to create a unique image per post)
- **Category-Matched CTAs** — Dynamic calls-to-action mapped to post categories with UTM tracking
- **Related Posts** — Category-overlap matching with fallback to recent posts
- **Newsletter Integration** — ConvertKit/Kit forms with Intersection Observer lazy loading
- **WordPress CSS Compatibility** — Styles for alignment classes, video embeds, tables, code blocks, blockquotes, spacer blocks
- **Dynamic Routes with Draft Filtering** — `[slug].astro` pattern with dev-only draft visibility
- **robots.txt** — Template for Astro static sites with sitemap reference
- **DNS Prefetch** — Performance optimization for third-party scripts
- **Cross-Linking & Internal SEO** — Automated cross-link detection script, pillar/cluster model, category index pages, breadcrumbs, Article JSON-LD schema, and post-migration SEO checklist
- **Redirects from Old WordPress URLs** — Full redirect generation script plus platform-specific configs (Vercel, Cloudflare Pages, Netlify, DNS-level) with testing commands
- **Deploying to Vercel (Free)** — Step-by-step deploy guide, what you get on the free tier
- **Deploying to Cloudflare Pages (Free)** — Step-by-step deploy guide, free tier details, comparison table vs Vercel
- **WordPress Redirection Plugin CSV** — Generate CSV import files for domain migrations with cross-checking guide
- **Dark Mode** — CSS custom properties with `[data-theme="dark"]` toggle, localStorage persistence, Astro scoped style patterns
- **Interactive Blog Index** — Category filtering, search, sort by reading time, show more pagination, random post, blog stats
- **Building Standalone Pages** — Recreating non-blog pages from old site content with responsive embeds
- **Build-Time Search Index** — Generate search data from content collections instead of hand-maintained JSON
- **Image Audit Script** — Find all broken image references before they reach production
- **Content Integrity Rule** — Never shorten or paraphrase the author's original content

### `common-issues.md` — Troubleshooting Guide
Solutions for problems we actually hit:

- **Jammed URLs** — `<a>` tag stripping without spacing creates `https://example.com/Newsletter:https://other.com/`
- **Fullwidth vs halfwidth punctuation** — `：` vs `:` and `！` vs `!` breaking regex matches in CJK content
- **Percent-encoded filenames** — Chinese WordPress slugs like `%e5%81%a5%e8%ba%ab...`
- **Mixed guest/host boilerplate** — Show notes sections with both guest links (keep) and host links (remove)
- **WordPress embed wrappers** — `<div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">` containing bare URLs instead of iframes
- **Broken nested markdown** — WordPress editors producing `[[link](url1) text](url2)`
- **WordPress styled callouts** — `has-background` class paragraphs getting stripped by Turndown
- **Figure/figcaption mangling** — `<figure>` elements losing captions during conversion
- **Cloudflare Pages vs Workers** — Why `npx wrangler deploy` fails for static sites and what to use instead
- **MDX parsing failures** — Why plain markdown wins for WordPress content
- **Content collection validation** — Making Zod schemas forgiving enough for messy WordPress data
- **Protocol-relative URLs** — `//www.youtube.com` and `//www.slideshare.net` breaking in embeds
- **Bare Twitter/X URLs** — Converting standalone URLs to proper markdown links
- **Internal links to old domain** — Systematic audit and fix approach for broken internal links
- **Responsive YouTube embeds** — CSS `:has()` selector pattern for wrapping iframes
- **Stale build output** — Why `dist/` may not reflect recent changes without a fresh build
- **WordPress Redirection plugin quirks** — Missing regex option, CSV format, category path differences
- **Missing images concentrated in few posts** — Why image problems cluster and how to audit efficiently
- **Legacy subdomain for media recovery** — `old.yoursite.com` trick for fetching WordPress uploads after cutover
- **Featured image references to deleted files** — Build-time asset existence checks with fallback images
- **WordPress export vs live site divergence** — Why the XML export is only a starting point
- **TypeScript leaking into client scripts** — Subtle Astro gotcha with `<script>` vs `<script lang="ts">`
- **Hand-maintained search JSON drift** — Build-time generation from content collections

## What This Skill Does NOT Handle

### Email

This migration covers your website only — it does not migrate email. If you're using WordPress-hosted email (e.g., `you@yourdomain.com` through your WordPress hosting provider), **you may need to keep your WordPress hosting account active** for email, or migrate email separately to:

- **Google Workspace** ($7/mo per user)
- **Zoho Mail** (free for up to 5 users)
- **Fastmail**, **Proton Mail**, or **iCloud+ Custom Domains**
- **Your domain registrar** — many (Cloudflare, Namecheap, Porkbun) offer email forwarding for free

If your email is already on a separate provider (Gmail, Outlook, etc.), you're fine — just update DNS records when you point the domain to Vercel/Cloudflare.

Check your current MX records (`dig MX yourdomain.com`) before canceling WordPress hosting to make sure you won't lose email.

## Real-World Results

This skill was built from:

- **[pmillerd.com](https://pmillerd.com)** — 180 blog posts + 10 standalone pages, domain migration from think-boundless.com, dark mode, interactive blog with category filtering/search/sort, WordPress Redirection plugin CSV for 500+ redirects, Tailwind CSS v4, reading library page with 55+ books. Special challenges: internal link audit across 180 posts, building standalone pages from old site content via WebFetch, responsive YouTube embed cleanup, protocol-relative URL fixes.

- **[pathlesspath.com](https://pathlesspath.com)** — 121 blog posts + 22 pages + podcast with 80+ episodes, Cloudflare Pages + Workers AI deployment, semantic podcast search with Vectorize. Special challenges: massive missing image recovery (legacy subdomain pattern), podcast episode metadata matching with manual override layer, build-time search index generation, post-cutover media audit scripts, structured data and SEO cleanup pass.

- **[angiecreates.io](https://angiecreates.io)** — 84 blog posts + 80 podcast episodes, bilingual Chinese/English, Transistor.fm integration, Cloudflare Pages deployment. Special challenges: RSS-based episode generation, multilingual boilerplate removal, jammed URL fixes.

- **[strategyu.co](https://strategyu.co)** — 59 consulting articles, Vercel deployment, dynamic SVG featured images, YouTube/Vimeo embed preservation, ConvertKit integration.

## Contributing

Found a new WordPress quirk? Fixed a migration edge case? PRs welcome — especially for:
- New CMS source formats (Ghost, Squarespace, etc.)
- Additional hosting platform configs
- Embed types we haven't encountered
- Non-Latin language handling patterns

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