StableTasks.jl

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Type stable multithreaded tasks in julia

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# StableTasks.jl

StableTasks is a simple package that provides *type stable* tools for creating (regular and *sticky*) tasks. It has the following API (not exported):

* `StableTasks.@spawn`
* `StableTasks.@spawnat`
* `StableTasks.@fetch`
* `StableTasks.@fetchfrom`

## `StableTasks.@spawn`

It works like `Threads.@spawn`, except it is *type stable* to `fetch` from.

``` julia
julia> using StableTasks, Test

julia> @inferred fetch(StableTasks.@spawn 1 + 1)
2
```
versus

``` julia
julia> @inferred fetch(Threads.@spawn 1 + 1)
ERROR: return type Int64 does not match inferred return type Any
Stacktrace:
 [1] error(s::String)
   @ Base ./error.jl:35
 [2] top-level scope
   @ REPL[3]:1
```

Note regarding the return type of `@spawn`:
* `Threads.@spawn` returns a value of the concrete type `Task`
* In contrast, the return type of `StableTasks.@spawn` may depend on any and all of the following:
    * the configuration of type inference in the Julia compiler
    * the return type of the input function
        * in particular, assuming type inference is precise, `typeof(StableTasks.@spawn 3) != typeof(StableTasks.@spawn 3.0)`, because `typeof(3) !== typeof(3.0)`
* You should **not** write code that relies upon the exact return type of `StableTasks.@spawn` being concrete, or stable across versions. The return type in its parameter is available **only** as an optimization.

## `StableTasks.@spawnat`

The package also provides `StableTasks.@spawnat`, which is similar to `StableTasks.@spawn` but creates a *sticky* task (that won't migrate) on a specific thread.

```julia
julia> t = StableTasks.@spawnat 4 Threads.threadid();

julia> @inferred fetch(t)
4
```

The note regarding the return type of `@spawn` also applies here.

## `StableTasks.@fetch` and `StableTasks.@fetchfrom`

For convenience, and in analogy to at Distributed.jl, we also provide `@fetch` and `@fetchfrom` macros:

```julia
julia> StableTasks.@fetch 3+3
6

julia> StableTasks.@fetchfrom 2 Threads.threadid()
2
```

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