zfs-to-glacier

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A tool to sync zfs snapshots to s3-glacier, written in rust.

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# What

A little rust tool to do S3 backups of my sanoid zfs snapshots. (Although any snapshot system should work)

## Why

S3 snapshots are cheap... Especially if you are (like in my case) taking a backup of a computer which is acting as a backup of something else and can take advantage of S3 deep archive. (NB : this means recovery time can increase, but price is very considerably decreased). I also quite like binary dumps in a dumb blob file storage. Backing up with something like rsync.net is more elegant, I would argue this is less complex.

[AWS S3 recovery times](https://aws.amazon.com/glacier/). Deep glacier recovery is 12 hours. I know from experience that if I loose the backup of my backups 12hours to recover my data is the least of my problems. More information on the [s3 pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/).

## Usage

This tool creates two categories of backups: "full" and "incremental" based on
two zfs snapshots. These zfs snapshots are identified by the tool by regex
matching the snapshot names with the following strings by default:

- "monthly" (corresponding to the full category)
- "daily" (corresponding to the incremental category)

This program **will not** create these zfs snapshots for you. You must design
or deploy automation that creates these snapshots and replaces them over time.
These regex strings can be changed in the application configuration file.

For reference, zfs snapshots can be managed with the following zfs subcommands:

```sh
# Note: Replace the "*-name" strings with the proper values.
# Create snapshots:
zfs snapshot pool-name/dataset-name@monthly
zfs snapshot pool-name/dataset-name@daily
# List snapshots:
zfs list -t snapshot
# Delete a snapshot:
zfs destroy pool-name/dataset-name@snapshot-name
```

After enabling and testing your zfs snapshot automation, you can setup and
configure the application as follows:

1. Run `zfs_to_glacier generateconfig` to get a sample config.yaml
2. Modify the configuration file as desired
3. Run `zfs_to_glacier generatecloudformation` to create an AWS cloudformation template. This will be used to create the AWS resources required by the tool
4. Inspect the cloudformation file and upload to AWS. (Cloudformation -> Create -> new resource -> upload file). Name is freetext and no other parameters are needed.
5. In AWS, locate the backup user generated by the cloudformation template in IAM and generate credentials for the it under Security Credentials -> Create access key.
6. Set environment variables `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` and `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`
7. Set environment variable `AWS_REGION` to whatever region you uploaded the file from. (If you run the command under you'll also see the region in the endpoint url). For example `export AWS_REGION="eu-west-3"`
8. Run `zfs_to_glacier sync`. You can run `zfs_to_glacier sync -v -n` to see what it would snapshot in incremental mode and in full mode.

**zfs_to_glacier will keep encrypted data encrypted, read warnings below!**

## Warnings

1. zfs_to_glacier will keep your backups encrypted. They are sent with zfs send -w. This means if you do not have a backup of your backup key (if you use a key instead of a passphrase) you will *not* be able to recover your data from S3.
2. zfs_to_glacier uses S3's expiry, which means if you stop running this tool the automatic expiry of old data will keep going. This will eventually clear out your backups. I recommend using healthchecks.io or something like it to ensure that your backups keep going.
3. zfs_to_glacier will ignore glacier files for files under 128kb, just like intelligent tiering, since glacier minimum charges for all objects under 128kb.
4. You must setup and configure your own zfs snapshot automation - this program
looks for existing zfs snapshots. It will not create these snapshots for you

## How reliable is this

When sending files this will confirm both md5 checksums of each individual part of a file sent, and confirm that the zfs command exits with status 0. I don't *think* it's possible to send corrupted data this way. That said, if the zfs command exits with status code 0 and does not produce the required output of course this app would happily upload a corrupted snapshot.

I would recommend taking great care when dealing with something as critical as backups, I rely on this tool personally, but it comes with zero guarantees.

### Adding new pools

1. If you need to add a new pool, regenrate your cloudformation template and instead of uploading a new cloudformation template. Select the existing one and update it with the new file. NB : If you delete a pool, you need to clean out the bucket before, cloudformation will not delete a bucket that isn't empty.

### Limits

1. zfs_to_glacier intentionally sends each zfs snapshot as a single file, this means we are limited by the 5tb max file size in S3. If you need snapshots larger than 5tb this tool will not work.

### My backup script for reference

```sh
export CHECK_URL="https://hc-ping.com/<URL_FROM_HEALTHCHECKS.IO>"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="<AWS_SECRET_KEY>"
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="<AWS_ACCESS_KEY>"
export AWS_REGION="<AWS_REGION, for example eu-west-3>"
url=$CHECK_URL
curl -fsS --retry 3 -X GET $url/start
nice zfs_to_glacier sync -v &> backup.log
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    url=$url/fail
    curl -fsS --retry 3 -X POST --data-raw "$(tail -n 20 backup.log)" $url
    exit 1
fi
curl -fsS --retry 3 -X POST --data-raw "$(tail -n 20 backup.log)" $url
```

### Building from source

If you want to build from source rather than downloading a release:

```sh
# Install rust from your package manager, or use curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
cargo build --release
# the release executable is in target/release 
```

### FAQ

- How much will this cost?
  - Run zfs_to_glacier estimate_size, and plug that into the AWS cost calculator. API call prices etc should fall well within the free tier, so you really only need to calculate with storage prices.

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