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An Go library of synchronization primitives to help make use of hardware transactional memory (HTM)

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# SafetyFast - Put thread-safety first, with the performance of safety last.

This is a Go library that implements synchronization primitives over
[Intel TSX][wikipedia-tsx] (hardware transactional primitives).

```shell
go get github.com/linux4life798/safetyfast
```

Checkout the [SafetyFast Project Page](http://craighesling.com/project/safetyfast).

# Benchmarking

The following plot shows the number of milliseconds it took for 8 goroutines
to increments 480000 random elements (per goroutine) of an array of ints.
The x axis denotes how large (and therefore sparse) the array was.
The synchronization primitive used during the increment is indicated as
a series/line.

![Performance Graph](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/linux4life798/safetyfast/master/benchmarks/output-craigmobileworkstation.svg)

Note that, as the array size increases, the likelihood of two goroutines
touching the same element at the same instance decreases.
This is why we see such a dramatic increase in speed, when using either
the HLE or RTM style synchronization primitive.

The `SystemMutex` is just `sync.Mutex`.

It is also worth observing that the performance started to degrade towards the
very large array sizes. This is most likely due to a cache size limitation.

# Snippets

## Using RTM

```go
m := map[string]int{
    "word1": 0,
}

c := NewRTMContexDefault()
c.Atomic(func() {
    // Action to be done transactionally
    m["word1"] = m["word1"] + 1
})
```

## Using HLE

```go
m := map[string]int{
    "word1": 0,
}

var lock safetyfast.SpinHLEMutex
lock.Lock()
// Action to be done transactionally
m["word1"] = m["word1"] + 1
lock.Unlock()
```

---
---

# Check if your CPU supports Intel TSX

## Use the `doihavetsx` utility
```bash
go get github.com/linux4life798/safetyfast/doihavetsx
doihavetsx
```

The output should look something like:
```
CPU Brand:  Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7820HQ CPU @ 2.90GHz
RTM:        Yes
HLE:        Yes
```

## Common CPUs and Machines

| CPU Name                                   | CPU Codename / Generation | TSX Supported | Machine Description |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------- |
| Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1505M v5 @ 2.80GHz | Skylake/6th               | **Yes**       | Dell Precision 5510 |
| Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6136 CPU @ 3.00GHz | Skylake/6th               | **Yes**       | Dell Precision 7920 |
| Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3720QM CPU @ 2.60GHz  | Ivy Bridge/3rd            | No            | MacBook Pro (Retina, Mid 2012) |
| Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7820HQ CPU @ 2.90GHz  | Kaby Lake/7th             | **Yes**       | MacBook Pro "Core i7" 2.9 15" Touch/Mid-2017 |
| Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4650U CPU @ 1.70GHz   | Haswell/4th               | No (Yes-before microcode install) | MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014) |
| Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7Y75 CPU @ 1.30GHz    | Kaby Lake/7th             | **Yes**       | MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, 2017) |
| Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4980HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz  | Haswell/4th | No | MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2015) |
| Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7920HQ CPU @ 3.10GHz | Kaby Lake/7th | **Yes** | MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2017) |

Please add your machine to this table! Pull-request or issues welcome.

---
---

# Code Examples

## Checking for HLE and RTM support in code
It is necessary to check that the CPU you are using support Intel RTM and/or
Intel HLE instruction sets, since safetyfast does not check.
This can be accomplished by using the Intel provided `cpuid` package, as shown
below.

```go
import (
  "github.com/intel-go/cpuid"
)

func main() {
	if !cpuid.HasExtendedFeature(cpuid.RTM) {
		panic("The CPU does not support Intel RTM")
	}

if !cpuid.HasExtendedFeature(cpuid.HLE) {
		panic("The CPU does not support Intel HLE")
	}
}

```

## Using RTM

```go
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "github.com/linux4life798/safetyfast"
)

func main() {
    m := map[string]int{
        "word1": 0,
        "word2": 0,
    }

c := safetyfast.NewRTMContexDefault()
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

wg.Add(2)
    go c.Atomic(func() {
        // Action to be done transactionally
        m["word1"] = m["word1"] + 1
        wg.Done()
    })
    go c.Atomic(func() {
        // Action to be done transactionally
        m["word1"] = m["word1"] + 1
        wg.Done()
    })
    wg.Wait()

fmt.Println("word1 =", m["word1"])
}
```

## Using HLE

```go
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "github.com/linux4life798/safetyfast"
)

func main() {
    m := map[string]int{
        "word1": 0,
        "word2": 0,
    }

var lock safetyfast.SpinHLEMutex
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

wg.Add(2)
    go func() {
        lock.Lock()
        // Action to be done transactionally
        m["word1"] = m["word1"] + 1
        lock.Unlock()
        wg.Done()
    }()
    go func() {
        lock.Lock()
        // Action to be done transactionally
        m["word1"] = m["word1"] + 1
        lock.Unlock()
        wg.Done()
    }()
    wg.Wait()

fmt.Println("word1 =", m["word1"])
}
```

[wikipedia-tsx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_Synchronization_Extensions

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