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kadtk

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A standardized toolkit of Kernel Audio Distance (KAD)—a distribution-free, unbiased, and computationally efficient metric for evaluating generative audio.

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# Kernel Audio Distance Toolkit
The Kernel Audio Distance Toolkit (KADTK) provides an efficient and standardized implementation of Kernel Audio Distance (KAD)—a distribution-free, unbiased, and computationally efficient metric for evaluating generative audio.

[![arXiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2502.15602-brightgreen.svg?style=flat-square)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15602)

## 1. Installation

To use the KAD toolkit, you must first install it. This library is created and tested on Python 3.10 on Linux but should work on Python >=3.9,<3.12.

### 1.1 Install
Requirement: Install torch [here](https://pytorch.org/) (for [previous versions](https://pytorch.org/get-started/previous-versions/)); only torch >=2.1,<2.6 officially supported. 
Requirement: Install tensorflow (>=2.0) [here](https://www.tensorflow.org/install); choose the appropriate version for CUDA compatibility [here](https://www.tensorflow.org/install/source#gpu) - note that pip usually does not perform this check.

To install kad toolkit, run:
```sh
pip install kadtk
```

(to reproduce our exact tested environment, 
```sh
git clone https://github.com/YoonjinXD/kadtk.git && 
cd kadtk && 
pip install poetry==2.0.1 && 
poetry install && 
pip install -e .
```
)

### 1.2 Troubleshooting
- if scipy causes some error, reinstall scipy: *pip uninstall scipy && pip install scipy==1.11.2*
- if charset causes some error, (re)install chardet: *pip install chardet*
- if CUDA causes some error, ensure your device is GPU-compatible and install the necessary software for CUDA support.

## 2. Usage
The toolkit provides a CLI command for computing KAD scores. It automatically extracts embeddings and computes the KAD score between your reference set (e.g. ground truth) and target evaluation set (e.g. generated audio).
```sh
kadtk {model_name} {reference-set dir} {target-set dir}
```
Note that:
- KAD generally has a different value when the reference set and the target set are switched, because the kernel bandwidth for the MMD is calculated as the median distance between the embeddings of the **reference set**. This is to ensure that the score takes on a consistent meaning even when the target set is changed.
- KAD is based on an **unbiased, finite-sample** estimation of the MMD; it may take on negative values if there are too few samples and/or if the two embedding sets are very close in distribution.
Refer to our paper for more details.
Make sure that the reference set always contains the *ground truth* samples (e.g. Audiocaps or Clotho for text-to-audio), and that the target set contains the *generated* samples.

(Enable Options)

*--fad* compute Fréchet Audio Distance instead of Kernel Audio Distance. 
*--inf* option uses metric-inf extrapolation, and *--indiv* calculates metric for individual audios. 
*--force-emb-encode* forces re-extraction of embeddings, not using cache. 
*--force_stats-calc* forces re-calculation of kernel statistics, not using cache.

(Examples)
```sh
kadtk panns-wavegram-logmel {reference-set dir} {target-set dir} # will calulcate kad btw 2 dirs(each dirs should contains wav files)
kadtk vggish {reference-set dir} {target-set dir} --fad # will calculate FAD instead of KAD
kadtk passt-fsd50k {reference-set dir} {target-set dir} --csv scores.csv # will save results in scores.csv
kadtk-embeds -m wavlm-base -d {reference-set dir} {target-set dir} # will only save each embeddings
```

## 3. Supported Models

| Model | Name in KADtk | Description | Creator |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [CLAP](https://github.com/microsoft/CLAP) | `clap-2023` | general audio representation | Microsoft |
| [CLAP](https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLAP) | `clap-laion-{audio/music}` | general audio, music representation | LAION |
| [MERT](https://huggingface.co/m-a-p/MERT-v1-95M) | `MERT-v1-95M-{layer}` | music understanding | m-a-p |
| [VGGish](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/audioset/vggish/README.md) | `vggish` | general audio embedding | Google |
| [PANNs](https://github.com/qiuqiangkong/audioset_tagging_cnn/README.md) | `panns-cnn14-{16k/32k}, panns-wavegram-logmel` | general audio embedding | Kong, Qiuqiang, et al. |
| [OpenL3](https://github.com/marl/openl3/README.md) | `openl3-{mel256/mel128}-{env/music}` | general audio embedding | Cramer, Aurora et al. |
| [PaSST](https://github.com/kkoutini/passt_hear21/README.md) | `passt-{base-{10s/20s/30s}, passt-openmic, passt-fsd50k` (10s default, base for AudioSet) | general audio embedding | Koutini, Khaled et al. |
| [Encodec](https://github.com/facebookresearch/encodec) | `encodec-emb` | audio codec | Facebook/Meta Research |
| [DAC](https://github.com/descriptinc/descript-audio-codec) | `dac-44kHz` | audio codec | Descript |
| [CDPAM](https://github.com/pranaymanocha/PerceptualAudio) | `cdpam-{acoustic/content}` | perceptual audio metric | Pranay Manocha et al. |
| [Wav2vec 2.0](https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/blob/main/examples/wav2vec/README.md) | `w2v2-{base/large}` | speech representation | Facebook/Meta Research |
| [HuBERT](https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/blob/main/examples/hubert/README.md) | `hubert-{base/large}` | speech representation | Facebook/Meta Research |
| [WavLM](https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/wavlm) | `wavlm-{base/base-plus/large}` | speech representation | Microsoft |
| [Whisper](https://github.com/openai/whisper) | `whisper-{tiny/base/small/medium/large}` | speech recognition | OpenAI |

### Optional Dependencies

Optionally, you can install dependencies that add additional embedding support. They are:

* CDPAM: `pip install cdpam`
* DAC: `pip install descript-audio-codec==1.0.0`

## 4. Citation, Acknowledgments and Licenses
```latex
@article{kad,
    author={Chung, Yoonjin and Eu, Pilsun and Lee, Junwon and Choi, Keunwoo and Nam, Juhan and Chon, Ben Sangbae},
    title={KAD: No More FAD! An Effective and Efficient Evaluation Metric for Audio Generation}, 
    journal = {arXiv:2502.15602},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15602},
    year = {2025}
}
```

We sincerely thank the authors of the following papers for sharing the code as open source: [fadtk](https://github.com/microsoft/fadtk) [fadtk with panns](https://github.com/DCASE2024-Task7-Sound-Scene-Synthesis/fadtk)
```latex
@article{fad_embeddings,
    author = {Tailleur, Modan and Lee, Junwon and Lagrange, Mathieu and Choi, Keunwoo and Heller, Laurie M. and Imoto, Keisuke and Okamoto, Yuki},
    title = {Correlation of Fréchet Audio Distance With Human Perception of Environmental Audio Is Embedding Dependant},
    journal = {arXiv:2403.17508},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17508},
    year = {2024}
}
```

```latex
@inproceedings{fadtk,
  title = {Adapting Frechet Audio Distance for Generative Music Evaluation},
  author = {Azalea Gui, Hannes Gamper, Sebastian Braun, Dimitra Emmanouilidou},
  booktitle = {Proc. IEEE ICASSP 2024},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.01616},
}
```

kadtk

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