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LISP and LISP-MN Implementation

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*LISPmob changed its name to Open Overlay Router, and the new repository is at
https://github.com/OpenOverlayRouter/oor This repository is maintained for
historical reasons, and will no longer be updated.*

Overview
--------

The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is an IETF protocol that decouples the 
semantics of identity and location on current IP addresses. It uses the concept 
of Endpoint IDentifiers (EIDs) to name hosts in edge networks, and Routing LOCators 
(RLOCs) for nodes in transit networks. EIDs and RLOCs are syntactically 
indistinguishable from current IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, enabling backwards 
compatibility with the existing Internet architecture. A distributed database, 
the mapping system, is responsible for maintaining the associations between EIDs 
and RLOCs. LISP Mobile Node (LISP-MN) is a specification to enable fast host mobility 
using LISP.

The LISPmob project is an open source implementation of LISP (RFC6830) for Linux, 
Android and OpenWRT. Since version 0.5, LISPmob can be used as an xTR, MS/MR, RTR 
or LISP-MN

Please note that version 0.5 introduced major changes in the code architecture. Most 
features present in previous version have been ported to 0.5, however not all of them 
are currently supported (see section "Version 0.5" below for more details). If you are 
interested in a specific function not yet implemented in version 0.5, use the latest 
code in 'release-0.4.x' branch (currently 0.4.1) and refer to the README file there.

LISPmob consists of three major components:

* data plane
  * control plane
  * tools

The user space daemon 'lispd' is responsible for both control-plane and data-plane 
functionality. It is responsible for creating a virtual interface for the EID(s), 
encapsulating/decapsulating packets, maintaining the mapping cache, etc. (data plane 
functionality) as well as for sending and receiving control messages, monitoring 
interfaces, etc. (control plane functionality). Version 0.5 abstracts and modularizes 
the data-plane in order to ease introduction of new implementations for the data-plane.

The current reference platform for LISPmob development is Ubuntu Server 14.04.3
LTS (Trusty Tahr), OpenWRT 15.05 (Chaos Calmer) and Android 4.3 (Jelly Bean).

Network Prerequisites
---------------------

Running a LISPmob device on the public Internet requires the following:

xTR - MN

* an EID from a Mapping Service Provider (MSP),
  * the RLOC of the Map-Server that will accept the registration of this EID,
  * an authentication token to register the EID with the Map-Server,
  * the RLOC of a Map-Resolver,
  * the RLOC of a Proxy-ETR,
  * a publicly routable RLOC for the device running LISPmob, which is neither 
  firewalled, nor behind NAT (see however "NAT traversal" section for details on 
  this).

RTR
  * the RLOC of a Map-Resolver,
  * a publicly routable RLOC for the device running LISPmob, which is neither 
  firewalled, nor behind NAT.

MS/MR
  * a publicly routable RLOC for the device running LISPmob, which is neither 
  firewalled, nor behind NAT.

The above information is used for configuring 'lispd' via the configuration file 
'lispd.conf'. See section "OpenWRT" for OpenWRT configuration details and "Android" 
for Android configuration details.

Visit http://www.lisp4.net/ for more info on the deployment status of the LISP
beta-network and how you can join the testbed.

Software Prerequisites
----------------------

To build LISPmob for a standard Linux, you will need:

* a Linux hosts
  * a C compiler (tested with `gcc`)
  * GNU make
  * git, unless you use a tarball
  * libConfuse
  * gengetopt
  * libcap v2+
  * libzmq v3
  * libxml2

On Debian-derived Linux distributions (including Ubuntu), installing the
following packages will provide all necessary dependencies:

* 'build-essential'
  * 'git-core'
  * 'libconfuse-dev'
  * 'gengetopt'
  * 'libcap2-bin'
  * 'libzmq3-dev'
  * 'libxml2-dev'

The latest version of the LISPmob source code can be obtained from Github:

git clone git://github.com/LISPmob/lispmob.git

Installation
------------

To build the code for Linux operating run the following in the top-level directory:

make

To install it in `/usr/local/sbin`, run

sudo make install
    
To build the code for OpenWRT you will need the OpenWRT official SDK. However,
for your convenience, we encourage you to install the precompiled .ipk, from our
website. Check section "OpenWRT" for details.

Running LISPmob
---------------

Once the code is successfully installed on the device, `lispd.conf.example` should 
be copied to `/etc/lispd.conf` and edited with the proper values. Again, see 
section 'OpenWRT' for OpenWRT details about this. Additionally the device's 
interface used for physical network connectivity (such as 'eth0', 'wlan0' or 'ppp0')
 must also be specified in the configuration file.

Prior to execute LISPmob, make sure that each external interface (such as
'wan0') has defined a default route with different 'metric' in the routing
table (there is a 'default' entry for each outgoing interface). In most cases,
this is auto-configured by the operating system during start-up.

Check that sysctl options configuration is correct. Make sure that rp_filter
kernel network parameter is disabled. It is disabled by default in OpenWRT, but,
for instance, it is enabled by default in Ubuntu. Make sure too that IP
forwarding is enabled. It should be enabled by default in OpenWRT.  
    
You can instruct your system to auto-configure these values during system
boot-up if you add the following lines to `/etc/sysctl.conf`. Remember to 
reboot your system after adding these lines.

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=0
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=0
    net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
    net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

The user space daemon can be started by a non privileged user with the appropriate 
permissions (particularly CAP_NET_ADMIN and CAP_NET_RAW). Such user can run the 
daemon with:

lispd -f /etc/lispd.conf

It will set up networking and register to the mapping system, after which you
can enjoy all the benefits of LISP.

Version 0.5
-----------

Version 0.5 introduced major changes in LISPmob. The code was abstracted and 
modularized in order to provide support for different LISP devices and to facilitate
the implementation of new functionalities.

This is the list of supported features at this moment

* xTR / MN

- Register to the Mapping System
    - Request mappings
    - Reply to mapping requests
    - Encapsulate data packets
    - Decapsulate data packets
    - RLOC Probing (user configurable)
    - IPv6 full support (EIDs and RLOCs)
    - Interface management 
    - Multihoming
    - Explicit Locator Path (ELPs)

* RTR

- Request mappings
    - Reply to mapping requests
    - Reencapsulate data packets
    - RLOC Probing (user configurable)
    - IPv6 full support (EIDs and RLOCs)
    - Interface management 
    - Multihoming
    - Explicit Locator Path (ELPs)

* MS / MR

- Process registration requests
    - Notify correct registration
    - Accept more specific entries
    - Reply to mapping requests when Proxy Relpy activated
    - Forward requests to xTRs
    - IPv6 full support (EIDs and RLOCs)
    - Interface management 
    - Explicit Locator Path (ELPs)

Mobile Node mode (MN)
---------------------
When 'lispd' is running in MN mode, the EID obtained configured is associated to 
the 'lispTun0' virtual interface. Two /1 routes covering the full IP addresses 
space should appear in the routing table. These routes should be pointing to 
'lispTun0' device. The following lines show an example of how 'ip addr' and 'ip 
route' will look like with IPv4, expect a similar output with IPv6:

$ ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet <RLOC> brd <RLOC_BROADCAST> scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: lispTun0: <POINTOPOINT,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 500
        link/none 
        inet <EID> scope host lispTun0

$ ip route
    <RLOC_Network> dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src <RLOC>
    169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0  scope link  metric 1000
    0.0.0.0/1 dev lispTun0
    128.0.0.0/1 dev lispTun0
    default via <RLOC_GW> dev eth0  metric 100

xTR mode
--------
 
To configure LISPmob to use it on xTR mode take into account the following 
considerations.
An EID /30 (at least) prefix is required for IPv4 EIDs. For IPv6 you should have 
a /126 (at least). This prefix should be used as the network prefix for the subnet
where the hosts on the EID space connected to the router are allocated. Assign 
the EID to an interface on the router and configure it as you would do for a normal
network prefix (static configuration, DHCP, etc...). No EID is used for the 'lispTun0' 
interface in router mode (a local address is automatically used by LISPmob instead).
The following lines show an example of how 'ip addr' and 'ip route' will look like 
with IPv4, expect a similar output with IPv6:

$ ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet <RLOC> brd <RLOC_BROADCAST> scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet <EID1> brd <EID1_BROADCAST> scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet <EID2> brd <EID2_BROADCAST> scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    5: lispTun0: <POINTOPOINT,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1440 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 500
        link/none

$ ip route
    <RLOC_Network> dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src <RLOC>
    <EID1_Network> dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src <EID1>
    <EID2_Network> dev eth2  proto kernel  scope link  src <EID2>
    default via <RLOC_GW> dev eth0  metric 100

$ ip rule
    0:      from all lookup local 
    x:      from <RLOC> lookup x 
    99:     from all to <EID1_Network> lookup main
    99:     from all to <EID2_Network> lookup main  
    100:    from <EID1_Network> lookup 100
    100:    from <EID2_Network> lookup 100 
    32766:  from all lookup main 
    32767:  from all lookup default

RTR mode
--------

When running in RTR mode, LISPmob serves as a Re-encapsulating Tunnel Router that 
decapsulates the received traffic to reencapsulate it again towards the next hop. 
To configure an RTR, select the corresponding operating-mode and fill the parameters 
of the RTR section and Tunnel Router general configuration of the configuration file
The following lines show an example of how 'ip addr' and 'ip route' will look like 
with IPv4, expect a similar output with IPv6:

$ ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet <RLOC1> brd <RLOC1_BROADCAST> scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet <RLOC2> brd <RLOC2_BROADCAST> scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    4: lispTun0: <POINTOPOINT,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1440 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 500
        link/none

$ ip route
    <RLOC1_Network> dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src <RLOC1>
    <RLOC2_Network> dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src <RLOC2>
    default via <RLOC_GW_1> dev eth0  metric 100
    default via <RLOC_GW_2> dev eth1  metric 110

$ ip rule
    0:      from all lookup local 
    x:      from <RLOC1> lookup x 
    y:     from <RLOC2> lookup y
    32766:  from all lookup main 
    32767:  from all lookup default

MS/MR mode 
----------

LISPmob 0.5 can be configured as a basic MS/MR where configured EID prefixes can 
be registered by xTRs. LISPmob will also reply to MapRequests addressed to those 
prefixes.
To configure LISPmob as a MS/MR, select the corresponding operating-mode and fill 
the parameters of the MS section of the configuration file

OpenWRT 
-------

To enable OpenWRT configuration mode and the specific routing
operations, the code should have been compiled with the
`platform=openwrt` option during OpenWRT package creation. Please
note that the best way to get LISPmob on OpenWRT is get a precompiled binary
(either the full system or just the LISPmob package) from the LISPmob website
(http://lispmob.org/downloads/openwrt).

LISPmob is also available on the official OpenWRT repositories, but it is not
guaranteed that this version would be the latest one. You can try to install
LISPmob from OpenWRT package feeds with:

opkg update
    opkg install lispd

In OpenWRT, the configuration is performed through the OpenWRT standard
configuration tool UCI, instead of using 'lispd.conf' file. Configure the UCI
file manually in '/etc/config/lispd' (by default), use the UCI CLI application,
or use the web interface (if available). The configuration fields are analogue
to those in the 'lispd.conf' file.

Android
-------

Since version 0.4, LISPmob includes support for Android devices operating as LISP-MN. 
Version 0.5 maintains Android support however, given that NAT traversal is not yet 
available for this version, the usage of LISPmob 0.5 on Android is limited to devices 
with a public address. For production environments is recommended to use version 
0.4.x. that does not have this limitation.
Please see the README.android.md file to get details on LISPmob for Android 
installation, compilation and usage.

NAT traversal
-------------

The NAT traversal support has not been yet implemented in LISPmob 0.5. If you 
require this feature, please use the version 0.4.x.

Contact
-------

Should you have questions regarding the use of the LISPmob distribution, please
subscribe to the users@lispmob.org mailing list and ask there
(https://lispmob.org/mailman/listinfo/users).

If you wish to participate in the development of LISPmob, use the dedicated
mailing list, devel@lispmob.org (https://lispmob.org/mailman/listinfo/devel).

Additionally, important announcements are sent to the low volume mailing list
announce@lispmob.org (https://lispmob.org/mailman/listinfo/announce).

More interactive help can sometimes be obtained on the '#lispmob' IRC channel on
FreeNode.

Bugs you encounter should be filed at the [repository's issue tracker on
Github](https://github.com/LISPmob/lispmob/issues).

References
----------

1. [The Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP)](http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_11-1/111_lisp.html)
2. [Locator/ID Separation Protocol](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6830)
3. [LISP Mobile Node](http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-meyer-lisp-mn)
4. [Interworking between Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) and Non-LISP Sites](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6832)
5. [LISPmob Project](http://lispmob.org/)
6. [LISP beta-network] http://www.lisp4.net/beta-network/

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