Promissum

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A promises library written in Swift featuring combinators like map, flatMap, whenAll, whenAny.

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Promissum is a promises library written in Swift. It features some known functions from Functional Programming like, `map` and `flatMap`.

It has useful combinators for working with promises like; `whenAll` for doing something when multiple promises complete, and `whenAny` for doing something when a single one of a list of promises completes. As well as their binary counterparts: `whenBoth` and `whenEither`.

Promissum really shines when used to combine asynchronous operations from different libraries. There are currently some basic extensions to UIKit and Alamofire, contributions for extensions to other libraries are very welcome.

This library has an extensive set of regression tests, documentation, and has been used in several high profile production apps at [Q42](https://q42.com/en).

Example
-------

This example demonstrates the [Alamofire+Promise](https://github.com/tomlokhorst/PromissumAlamofire) extension.

In this example, JSON data is loaded from the Github API. It is then parsed, and stored into a local cache.
If both those succeed the result is shown to the user, if either of those fail, a description of the error is shown to the user.

```swift
let url = "https://api.github.com/repos/tomlokhorst/Promissum"
Alamofire.request(url).responseJSONPromise()
  .map(parseJson)
  .flatMap(storeInLocalCache)
  .then { project in

// Show project name and description
    self.nameLabel.text = project.name
    self.descriptionLabel.text = project.descr

UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.5) {
      self.detailsView.alpha = 1
    }
  }
  .trap { e in

// Either an Alamofire error or a LocalCache error occured
    self.errorLabel.text = e.localizedDescription
    self.errorView.alpha = 1
  }
```

Async/Await
-----------

Interop with Swift's async await is available via the `.asyncValue` and `.asyncResult` properties, as well as a custom `Promise` initializer.

```swift
// Go from Promise to async/await
func downloadProject(url: URL) async throws -> Project {
  let data = try await downloadPromise(url: url).asyncValue
  let project = try parse(data)
  return project
}

// Go from async/await to Promise
func submitProject(project: Project) -> Promise<Void, Error> {
  Promise {
    let data = try encode(project)
    try await upload(data)
  }
}
```

Cancellation
------------

Promissum does not support cancellation, because cancellation does not work well with promises. Promises are future _values_, values can't be cancelled. If you do need cancellation (quite often useful), take a look at Tasks or Rx instead of promises. I don't have experience with any Swift Task/Rx libraries, so I can't recommend a specific one.

Although, if you're looking at adding cancellation to a _PromiseSource_, you could use the [swift-cancellationtoken](https://github.com/tomlokhorst/swift-cancellationtoken) library I wrote. This is orthogonal to promises, however.

Combinators
-----------

Listed below are some of the methods and functions provided this library. More documentation is available inline.

### Instance methods on Promise

* `.map(transform: Value -> NewValue)`  
  Returns a Promise containing the result of mapping a function over the promise value.

* `.flatMap(transform: Value -> Promise<NewValue, Error>)`  
  Returns the flattened result of mapping a function over the promise value.

* `.mapError(transform: Error -> NewError)`  
  Returns a Promise containing the result of mapping a function over the promise error.

* `.flatMapError(transform: Error -> Promise<Value, NewError>)`  
  Returns the flattened result of mapping a function over the promise error.

* `.dispatch(on queue: DispatchQueue)`
  Returns a new promise that will execute all callbacks on the specified dispatch_queue. See [dispatch queues](#dispatch-queues)

### Functions for dealing with Promises

* `whenBoth(promiseA: Promise<A, Error>, _ promiseB: Promise<B, Error>)`  
  Creates a Promise that resolves when both arguments to `whenBoth` resolve.

* `whenAll(promises: [Promise<Value, Error>])`  
  Creates a Promise that resolves when all provided Promises resolve.

* `whenEither(promise1: Promise<Value, Error>, _ promise2: Promise<Value, Error>)`  
  Creates a Promise that resolves when either argument to resolves.

* `whenAny(promises: [Promise<Value, Error>])`  
  Creates a Promise that resolves when any of the argument Promises resolves.

Dispatch queues
---------------

Promises can call handlers on different threads or queues. Handlers are all closures supplied to methods like `.then`, `.trap`, `.map`, and `.flatMap`.

If nothing else is specified, by default, all handlers will be called on the main queue.
This way, you're free to update the UI, without having to worry about manually calling `dispatch_async`.

However, it's easy to change the dispatch queue used by a promise. In one of two ways:

1. Set the dispatch queue when creating a PromiseSource, e.g.:

```swift
let background = DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background)
let source = PromiseSource<Int, Never>(dispatch: .queue(background))
source.promise
  .then { x in
    // Handler is called on background queue
  }
```

2. Or, create a new promise using the `.dispatchOn` combinator:

```swift
let background = DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background)
somePromise()
  .dispatch(on: background)
  .then { x in
    // Handler is called on background queue
  }
```

For convenience, there's also `.dispatchMain` to move back to the main queue, after doing some work on a background queue:

```swift
let background = DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background)
somePromise()
  .dispatch(on: background)
  .map { expensiveComputation($0) }
  .dispatchMain()
  .then { x in
    self.updateUi(x)
  }
```

Installation
------------

### Swift Package Manager

[SPM](https://swift.org/package-manager/) is a dependency manager for Swift projects.

Once you have SPM setup, add a dependency using Xcode or by editing Package.swift:

```swift
dependencies: [
    .package(url: "https://github.com/tomlokhorst/Promissum.git", from: "7.1.0"),
]
```

**Note:**
Previous versions of Promissum supported CocoaPods, this is no longer supported.
If you still need pods support, you can use the 5.x.x versions of this package, while those still work.

Releases
--------

- 7.1.0 - 2022-01-03 - Move down async/await support to iOS 13. Requires Xcode 13.2
 - **7.0.0** - 2021-11-13 - Add async/await support. Remove PromissumUIKit extensions
 - **6.0.0** - 2021-02-21 - Move public State struct into PromiseSource. Remove CocoaPods support
 - 5.0.1 - 2020-10-07 - Pass promise method options to Alamofire
 - **5.0.0** - 2020-08-22 - Update Alamofire+Promise to Alamofire 5, requires iOS 10
 - **4.0.0** - 2019-06-10 - Swift 5.1 support, use build-in Result type
 - 3.2.0 - 2019-04-03 - Deprecate `delay` and related functions
 - 3.1.0 - 2018-11-17 - Allow for use in extensions
 - **3.0.0** - 2018-10-02 - Swift 4.2 support, removed CoreDataKit extension
 - 2.2.0 - 2018-02-09 - Fix occasional "execute on wrong queue" issue
 - 2.1.0 - 2018-01-12 - watchOS support
 - **2.0.0** - 2017-11-27 - Swift 4 support, threadsafe
 - **1.0.0** - 2016-09-20 - Swift 3 support, requires iOS 9 & OSX 10.11
 - **0.5.0** - 2016-01-19 - Add `dispatchOn` methods for dispatching on different queues
 - **0.4.0** - 2015-11-04 - Update Alamofire+Promise to Alamofire 3
 - **0.3.0** - 2015-09-11 - Swift 2 support, added custom error types
 - 0.2.4 - 2015-05-31 - Fixed examples. Updated CoreDataKit+Promise
 - 0.2.3 - 2015-04-13 - Swift 1.2 support
 - 0.2.2 - 2015-03-01 - Mac OS X support
 - 0.2.1 - 2015-02-16 - Update for new CoreDataKit version
 - **0.2.0** - 2015-02-15 - Side-effects happen in a better order. Regression tests added.
 - 0.1.1 - 2015-05-31 - `whenAnyFinalized` combinator added
 - **0.1.0** - 2015-01-27 - Initial public release
 - 0.0.0 - 2014-10-12 - Initial private version for project at [Q42](http://q42.com)

Licence & Credits
-----------------

Promissum is written by [Tom Lokhorst](https://twitter.com/tomlokhorst) and available under the [MIT license](https://github.com/tomlokhorst/promissum/blob/main/LICENSE), so feel free to use it in commercial and non-commercial projects.

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