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Simple API core for your projects

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# Simple API core for your projects

## Useful links

* [Documentation](http://dimacrafter.github.io/dc-api-core) (needs to be updated)
* [dc-api-client](https://github.com/DimaCrafter/dc-api-client) - API client
* [dc-api-mongo](https://github.com/DimaCrafter/dc-api-mongo) - Mongoose based MongoDB driver
* [Examples](https://github.com/mayerdev/dc-api-examples)

## Dependencies

* [jwa](https://github.com/auth0/node-jwa)
* [vercel/ms](https://github.com/vercel/ms)
* [μWebSockets.js](https://github.com/uNetworking/uWebSockets.js)
* [watch](https://github.com/mikeal/watch)
* [nats](https://github.com/nats-io/nats.js) (optional)
* [ts-node](https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-node) (optional)
* [typescript](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript) (optional)

---

## Structure

```txt
📙
 ├── ⚙️ controllers      Request controllers
 ├── 🗃️ models           Models for working with DB
 │   └── 📁 <driver>     Database driver name (Optional)
 │       └── 📜 <model>  Model name (js or json)
 ├── ️📃 config.json      Configuration file
 └── ⏱ startup.js       Script, that was started before starting API server
```

---

## Installation (manually)

**0)** Run `npm init` or `yarn init`

**1)** Install package - `npm i github:DimaCrafter/dc-api-core` or `yarn add github:DimaCrafter/dc-api-core`

**2)** Run `npm exec dc-api-core init` or `yarn dc-api-core init`

**3)** Run `npm run dc-init` or `yarn dc-init`

**4)** Run `npm start` or `yarn start`

**5)** Done!

---

## `config.json`

| Field                 | Default            | Description                                                |
|-----------------------|--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
| `db`                  | Optional           | Object                                                     |
| `db[driverName]`      |                    | Code of [database driver](#db-module)                      |
| `db[driverName].name` | Required           | Database name                                              |
| `db[driverName].port` | Defined by plugin  | Database port                                              |
| `db[driverName].user` | Optional           | Database username                                          |
| `db[driverName].pass` |                    | and password                                               |
| `db[driverName].srv`  | Optional for mongo | Boolean, `true` - use `srv`                                |
|                       |                    |                                                            |
| `session.secret`      | Required           | Private string for cookie                                  |
| `session.store`       | Required           | Database config name                                       |
| `session.ttl`         | `3d` (3 days)      | Session lifetime in [vercel/ms] format, `false` - infinite |
|                       |                    |                                                            |
| `ssl`                 | Optional           | Enables HTTPS mode if filled                               |
| `ssl.*`               | Optional           | Any `μWS.SSLApp` options field                             |
| `ssl.key`             | Required           | Local path to private key                                  |
| `ssl.cert`            | Required           | Local path to certificate file                             |
|                       |                    |                                                            |
| `plugins`             | `[]`               | Array of plugin packages names                             |
| `origin`              | `Origin` header    | Accept requests only from this origin                      |
| `port`                | `8081`             | API listening port, `false` — disable HTTP server          |
| `nats`                | Optional           | NATS connection config (see [NATS section](#nats))         |
| `nats.url`            | Required           | NATS server URL, e.g. `nats://localhost:4222`              |
| `nats.prefix`         | Optional           | Subject prefix prepended to all controller subjects        |
| `ws_timeout`          | `60`               | WebSocket request waiting timeout in seconds               |
|                       |                    |                                                            |
| `ignore`              | `[]`               | Excluded directories in development mode                   |
| `isDev`               | Read-only          | `true` if using `--dev` argument                           |
| `dev`                 | `{}`               | Config to merge if `isDev` is `true`                       |
| `ttl`                 | `0`                | WebSocket TTL in seconds, `0` - disabled                   |
| `typescript`          | `false`            | TypeScript-support                                         |

[vercel/ms]: https://github.com/vercel/ms

Example:

```js
{
    "port": "$env", // Equals value of process.env.PORT
    "db": {
        "mongo": {
            "host": "localhost",
            "name": "test-db"
        }
    },
    "plugins": ["dc-api-mongo"],
    "session": {
        "secret": "super secret string",
        "store": "mongo"
    },
    "ssl": {
        "cert": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/awesome.site/cert.pem",
        "key": "/etc/letsencrypt/live/awesome.site/privkey.pem"
    },
    "dev": {
        "port": 8081,
        "db": {
            "mongo": { "name": "test-dev-db" }
        }
    }
}
```

---

## MongoDB (recommended)

Example:

```js
// JS
const db = require('dc-api-mongo').connect();

// TS
import db from 'dc-api-mongo/mongo';

async function main() {
 const result = await db.Model.findOne();
 console.log(result);
}

main();
```

Where `Model` is your model name.

## MySQL

If you're using MySQL, use `mysql` as database driver (don't forget to apply plugin first).

```js
const db = require('dc-api-mysql').connect();

async function main() {
 const result = await db.Model.findOne();
 console.log(result);
}

main();
```

Where `Model` is your model name.

## Plugins

For first, install plugin package via `npm` or `yarn`.
After this add name of plugin package to `plugins` array in `config.json`.

Example `config.json`:

```js
{
    // ...
    "plugins": ["dc-api-mongo"]
}
```

If you want create your own plugin, read
[plugin development documentation](https://dimacrafter.github.io/dc-api-core/en/plugins/basics.html)

---

## Sessions

### Functions

| Function                 | Example                        | Description            |
|--------------------------|--------------------------------|------------------------|
| `this.session.<name>`    | `this.session.name = 'User'`   | Set session data       |
| `this.session.save()`    | `await this.session.save()`    | Save session data      |
| `this.session.destroy()` | `await this.session.destroy()` | Clear all session data |

#### Example

```js
module.exports = class Controller {
    async test () {
        this.session.name = 'test';
        await this.session.save();
        this.send('saved');
    }
}
```

## Request hooks

### onLoad

Will be executed before calling action method in controller.

If the `onLoad` function returns false, the request will be rejected.

#### Example

```js
module.exports = class Test {
    onLoad () {
        if (!this.session.user) return false;
    }
}
```

## Data Validation

Validator is available via `this.validator` in HTTP controller context.

### Main `check` function

Validates data against field schema and returns validation result.

```js
module.exports = class Test {
    async createUser () {
        const result = this.validator.check(this.data, [
            {
                name: 'email',
                type: 'string',
                use: this.validator.email
            },
            {
                name: 'password',
                type: 'string',
                use: this.validator.password
            },
            {
                name: 'age',
                type: 'number',
                min: 18,
                max: 100
            }
        ]);

if (!result.success) {
            this.send({ errors: result.errors }, 400);
            return;
        }

const validatedData = result.filtered;
        
        this.send(validatedData);
    }
}
```

### Field Schema

| Parameter | Type            | Description                                                                   |
|-----------|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `name`    | `string`        | Field name (required)                                                         |
| `type`    | `string`        | Data type: `'string'`, `'number'`, `'boolean'`, `'object'`, `'array'`         |
| `enum`    | `any[]`         | Array of allowed values                                                       |
| `fields`  | `FieldSchema[]` | Nested fields for `'object'` type                                             |
| `of`      | `FieldSchema`   | Element schema for `'array'` type                                             |
| `min`     | `number`        | Minimum length for string/array                                               |
| `max`     | `number`        | Maximum length for string/array                                               |
| `use`     | `function`      | Validation function: `(value) => { success: boolean, error: string \| null }` |
| `uses`    | `function[]`    | Array of validation functions (executed sequentially)                         |

### Built-in Validators

#### `validator.email(email)`

Validates email address format.

```js
{
    name: 'email',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.email
}
```

#### `validator.phone(phone)`

Validates phone number format.

```js
{
    name: 'phone',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.phone
}
```

#### `validator.password(password)`

Validates password length (5 to 255 characters).

```js
{
    name: 'password',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.password
}
```

#### `validator.ObjectId(value)`

Validates MongoDB ObjectId format.

```js
{
    name: 'userId',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.ObjectId
}
```

#### `validator.hostname(hostname)`

Validates domain name format.

```js
{
    name: 'domain',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.hostname
}
```

#### `validator.url(url)`

Validates URL format (http/https only).

```js
{
    name: 'website',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.url
}
```

#### `validator.inArray(array)`

Creates validator to check if value is in array.

```js
{
    name: 'status',
    type: 'string',
    use: this.validator.inArray(['active', 'inactive', 'pending'])
}
```

### Usage Examples

#### Object Validation

```js
module.exports = class Test {
    async createProfile () {
        const result = this.validator.check(this.data, [
            {
                name: 'user',
                type: 'object',
                fields: [
                    { name: 'name', type: 'string', min: 2, max: 50 },
                    { name: 'email', type: 'string', use: this.validator.email }
                ]
            }
        ]);

if (!result.success) {
            this.send({ errors: result.errors }, 400);
            return;
        }

this.send(result.filtered);
    }
}
```

#### Array Validation

```js
module.exports = class Test {
    async createItems () {
        const result = this.validator.check(this.data, [
            {
                name: 'items',
                type: 'array',
                min: 1,
                max: 10,
                of: {
                    type: 'string',
                    min: 3
                }
            }
        ]);

if (!result.success) {
            this.send({ errors: result.errors }, 400);
            return;
        }

this.send(result.filtered);
    }
}
```

#### Enum Validation

```js
module.exports = class Test {
    async updateStatus () {
        const result = this.validator.check(this.data, [
            {
                name: 'status',
                type: 'string',
                enum: ['pending', 'approved', 'rejected']
            }
        ]);

if (!result.success) {
            this.send({ errors: result.errors }, 400);
            return;
        }

this.send(result.filtered);
    }
}
```

## NATS

NATS support is optional. Install the package and configure the connection in `config.json`.

### Installation

```bash
npm install nats
```

### Configuration

```js
// config.json
{
    "port": 8081,
    "nats": {
        "url": "nats://localhost:4222",
        "prefix": "myapp"  // optional, prepended to all subjects
    }
}
```

Set `"port": false` to disable the HTTP server entirely (NATS-only service):

```js
{
    "port": false,
    "nats": { "url": "nats://localhost:4222" }
}
```

### Subject mapping

Controller and method names are converted to kebab-case and joined with `.`:

| Controller     | Method    | Subject                                      |
|----------------|-----------|----------------------------------------------|
| `OrderService` | `create`  | `order-service.create`                       |
| `OrderService` | `getById` | `order-service.get-by-id`                    |
| `OrderService` | `create`  | `myapp.order-service.create` _(with prefix)_ |

Private methods (prefixed with `_`) and `onLoad` are not subscribed.

### NatsController — request-reply

Handles NATS requests and sends a reply. Uses **queue subscription** — in a multi-instance deployment, only one instance
receives each message.

```js
const { NatsController } = require('dc-api-core');

module.exports = class OrderService extends NatsController {
    // subject: order-service.create
    create() {
        const { name, amount } = this.data;  // parsed JSON payload
        
        return { id: 123, name, amount };     // auto-serialized reply
    }
}
```

**Context:**

| Property          | Description                                   |
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| `this.data`       | Parsed JSON payload from the request          |
| `this.subject`    | The NATS subject this message was received on |
| `this.controller` | Proxy to call other methods of the controller |

**Calling from a client:**

```js
const { connect } = require('nats');
const nc = await connect({ servers: 'nats://localhost:4222' });

const reply = await nc.request(
    'order-service.create',
    Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ name: 'Widget', amount: 5 }))
);

console.log(JSON.parse(reply.data.toString())); // { id: 123, name: 'Widget', amount: 5 }
```

### NatsSubscription — pub-sub

Listens to published messages without replying. Uses a **regular subscription** — all instances receive every message.
Can publish to other subjects via `this.publish()`.

```js
const { NatsSubscription } = require('dc-api-core');

module.exports = class OrderEvents extends NatsSubscription {
    // subject: order-events.created
    created() {
        const order = this.data;

// Push to another subject
        this.publish('notifications.send', {
            userId: order.userId,
            text: `Order #${order.id} has been created`
        });
    }
}
```

**Context:**

| Property / Method             | Description                                   |
|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| `this.data`                   | Parsed JSON payload                           |
| `this.subject`                | The NATS subject this message was received on |
| `this.publish(subject, data)` | Publish a message to the given subject        |
| `this.controller`             | Proxy to call other methods of the controller |

### Accessing the NATS connection

The active connection is exposed after startup for use in your own code (e.g. in `startup.js` or controllers):

```js
const core = require('dc-api-core');

// Publish a message manually
core.nats.publish('some.subject', Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ foo: 'bar' })));
```

### Comparison

|              | `NatsController`            | `NatsSubscription`                |
|--------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------------|
| Pattern      | Request-Reply               | Pub-Sub                           |
| Subscription | Queue (1 instance receives) | Broadcast (all instances receive) |
| Reply        | `return value`              | —                                 |
| Publish      | —                           | `this.publish(subject, data)`     |

---

## Working with config.json

### Require

Require config module:

```js
// JS
const config = require('dc-api-core/config');

// TS
import config from 'dc-api-core/config';
```

Get data:

```js
config.<your_param>
```

#### Example

```js
const config = require('dc-api-core/config');

module.exports = class Test {
    index() {
     this.send(config.myParam);
    }
}
```

## Routing

```js
// startup.js
const Router = require('dc-api-core/router');
Router.register('/testing/files/${id}/${file}.jpg', 'Test.getFile');
```

Now requests like `/testing/files/some-id/secret_file.jpg` will call `getFile` method of `Test` controller.

```js
// controllers/Test.js
class Test {
    async getFile () {
        this.send(this.params);
        // Will send { "id": "some-id", "file": "secret_file" }
    }
}

module.exports = Test;
```

## My TODOs

* [ ] Document new `config.cors.headers`

* [ ] Support for glibc < 2.18
* [ ] Typing (`.d.ts`) files
* [ ] Automatic package publication when all tests are passed
* [ ] More functionality tests
* [ ] Clusterization/multi-threading support
* [ ] Edit pages "API" > "Database driver" and "Plugins" > "Basics" of docs

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