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Describes how to setup Proxmox VE 6.2 with ZFS and device passthrough

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## ProxmoxVE (PVE)
Describes how to setup Proxmox VE 6.2 with ZFS and device passthrough (Intel CPU).

### Hardware used
[Supermicro X11SCZ-F](https://www.supermicro.com/en/products/motherboard/X11SCZ-F) using C246 chipset.

[Intel I3-9300](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/134886/intel-core-i3-9300-processor-8m-cache-up-to-4-30-ghz.html) with integrated UHD630 GPU.

Micron 18ASF2G72AZ-2G3B1, 16GiB * 4 sticks

Two NVMe SSD drives for ZFS on root mirror (SK hynix Gold P31 1TB, SHGP31-1000GM-2)

## BIOS changes
Enable VT-d, VT-x, etc.

Enable ASPM or set to Auto.

Enable UEFI boot.

Set primary display to PCI and enable Internal Graphics option to be able to passthrough integrated GPU.

## Enable IOMMU

Edit systemd-boot file `nano /etc/kernel/cmdline` by adding `intel_iommu=on iommu=pt` options.

Apply changes by executing `pve-efiboot-tool refresh`

### Add kernel modules
Add required modules `nano /etc/modules`:
```
vfio
vfio_iommu_type1
vfio_pci
vfio_virqfd
```

Apply changes by executing  `update-initramfs -u -k all`

## Verify configuration
Reboot the host

Execute `dmesg | grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU` and check the output for:

```
[    0.103246] DMAR: IOMMU enabled
[    0.172321] DMAR-IR: Queued invalidation will be enabled to support x2apic and Intr-remapping.
[    0.175358] DMAR-IR: Enabled IRQ remapping in x2apic mode
[    0.913016] DMAR: Intel(R) Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O
```

## Device blacklisting
Prevent passthrough devices from host loading by editing `nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf`. For example:

```
blacklist snd_hda_intel
blacklist snd_hda_codec_hdmi
blacklist i915
```

## GPU passthrough
```
All functions [Y]
ROM-Bar [Y]
PCI-Express [Y]
```

## NIC passthrough
Tested on Intel I350-T4. Each nic must be in its own iommu group. When passing through individual nics, do not enable `All Functions` or `ROM-Bar`.

## Enable updates for Proxmox free version
```
rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list
echo "deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve buster pve-no-subscription" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-no-subscription.list
apt update
apt full-upgrade
```

## Reduce rpool disk writes
Proxmox writes lots of logs to disk and will wear out SSDs fast. Remove any logging you don't need. For standalone PVE, some [services](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Service_daemons) can be disabled.
```
systemctl stop pve-ha-lrm.service
systemctl stop pve-ha-crm.service
systemctl disable pve-ha-lrm.service
systemctl disable pve-ha-crm.service
```
For single box PVE, make timer not run too often by setting `OnCalendar=monthly`
```
systemctl edit --full pvesr.timer
systemctl daemon-reload
```
Enable SSD autotrim.
```
zpool set autotrim=on rpool
```
To manually trim, execute `zpool trim`.

Check time before async writes are written to disk. Increased timeout reduces SSD wear.
```
cat /sys/module/zfs/parameters/zfs_txg_timeout
```
Set async write timeout temporarily to see impact.
```
echo 30 > /sys/module/zfs/parameters/zfs_txg_timeout
```
To preserve `zfs_txg_timeout` across reboots, modify config to include `options zfs zfs_txg_timeout=30` line.
```
nano /etc/modprobe.d/zfs.conf
update-initramfs -u
pve-efiboot-tool refresh
```

## References
[Create USB installer](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Prepare_Installation_Media)

[Admin Guide PCI passthrough](https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#qm_pci_passthrough)

[Pci passthrough](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Pci_passthrough)

[Qemu/KVM Virtual Machines Wiki](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Qemu/KVM_Virtual_Machines)

[Qemu/KVM Virtual Machines Docs](https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/chapter-qm.html)

[Windows 10 guest best practices](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Windows_10_guest_best_practices)

[PCI passthrough via OVMF](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF)

[Proxmox ZFS on Linux](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/ZFS_on_Linux)

[ZFS Module Parameters](https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Performance%20and%20Tuning/Module%20Parameters.html)

[Proxmox service daemons](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Service_daemons)

ProxmoxVE

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