gitlab-ce-ldap-sync

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gitlab-ce-ldap-sync

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Synchronise users and groups (including group members) from an LDAP instance with Gitlab CE (and EE in free tier) self-hosted instance(s).

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# LDAP users and groups sync script for GitLab-CE and GitLab-EE

This nifty little PHP-CLI tool will synchronise users and user groups from an LDAP server to GitLab community edition instance(s). This also works on enterprise editions on the free tier, of which has identical functionality to the community edition.

Though this functionality is available out of the box with (non-free) GitLab enterprise edition the pricing model is completely infeasible for teams of hobbyists working on non-revenue based projects but need to use a centralised authentication base.

As a bonus it can also do a light rake of LDAP users not currently in GitLab, so those that haven't signed in for their first time can still have projects and permissions assigned to them. **This may make the tool unsuitable git GitLab-EE as this would certainly impact its licensing fees!**

## **This tool has had basic community quality assurance.**

**Use in production environment at your own risk.**

Though all of this tool's features are now implemented, very limited testing has happened, so don't expect a perfect experience. You should therefore only use this on test GitLab CE/EE instances, or if you must use this on your production environment, at the very least take a backup of your GitLab data before using this.

Features implemented:

* Reading users from LDAP
* Reading groups from LDAP
* Synchronising users to GitLab
* Synchronising groups to GitLab
* Synchronising GitLab group memberships based on LDAP group memberships

Not implemented:

* Sub-group handling
* ~~SSH key importing *(in progress)*~~: No longer required: GitLab has a [native configuration option](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/auth/ldap/#ldap-sync-configuration-settings) "sync_ssh_keys" to specify a user attribute to synchronise keys from.

If in doubt use the dry run `-d` option to prevent writing to GitLab first, combined with `-vv` to see exactly what would happen.

**You have been warned!**

## Getting Started

These instructions will get you a copy of the project up and running on your local machine for development, testing, and live purposes.

### Prerequisites

Requirements for running this tool from a management station:

* Any system that can run PHP-CLI will do. (Even Windows.)
* [PHP](https://www.php.net) version 8.1 or later: Available to most Linux distributions via `apt-get` or `yum`/`dnf`. You don't need anything web related, but you will need the command line interface.
* [PHP's LDAP functions](http://php.net/manual/en/book.ldap.php): Usually installed with PHP as standard, but the LDAP module/functions may not be enabled by default.
* [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/): Available to most Linux distributions via `apt-get` or `yum`/`dnf`, or manually download it as `composer.phar` alongside this tool.
* LDAP instance: Used for GitLab's authentication. It can (likely) be Microsoft Active Directory, OpenLDAP, 389-DS (including FreeIPA), and any other LDAP system, though **most of my testing is with 389-DS (without FreeIPA)**.
* [GitLab community edition](https://about.gitlab.com/install/?version=ce) or [GitLab community edition](https://about.gitlab.com/install/?version=ee) self-hosted: This must be configured to authenticate against an LDAP instance already.

## Installing

Either checkout this project or download it in ZIP form and extract it somewhere safe. The configuration will later contain an LDAP password and GitLab API secret keys, so do put some protection in place to ensure only you can access it.

After this you will need to install PHP components delivered via [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/). To do this open a terminal and change the working directory to this tool's location. (Or add the `-d`/`--working-dir=` option to run from another working directory.)

* If you have Composer installed as a system-wide application (e.g. via `apt-get` or `yum`/`dnf`) use command `composer install`.
* If you have Composer manually downloaded residing as `composer.phar` alongside this tool use command `php composer.phar install`.

## Configuration

Make a duplicate copy of `config.yml.dist` called `config.yml`, then open `config.yml` in your favourite text editor. You may be able to work out how to configure this quite easily yourself, but still here's an explanation.

### ldap

This section configures how to communicate with your LDAP instance.

#### debug *(bool|null)*

Enable this to show debugging information regarding LDAP connectivity. This is useful for detecting issues such as SSL certificate verification failures.

Default: *false*

#### winCompatibilityMode *(bool|null)*

In some Active Directory instances when "user_dn" is empty (for example when the whole AD is searched for users), LDAP queries fail with the message "ldap_search(): Search: Operations error.". This is further described in <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17742751/ldap-operations-error>. The fix described there is applied when **winCompatibilityMode** is set to *true*. Since this has only been tested on one instance, it is recommended to leave this option at *false* and only activate it if you experience the error described above.

Default: *false*

#### server

This sub-section configures how to connect to your LDAP server.

##### host *(string)*

IP or hostname of the LDAP server. You should use "localhost" if the you're running this tool on the same machine as the LDAP server.

##### port *(int\null)*

TCP port used to access the LDAP server. Typically 389 for unencrypted connections or STARTTLS encrypted connections, but 636 for implicit SSL/TLS connections.

Leaving this null will use the default port based on the **encryption** setting.

##### version *(int|null)*

The version of the LDAP protocol to use. Typically 3 these days.

Leaving this null will assume version 3.

##### encryption *(string|null)*

The encryption protocol.

* "none" for unencrypted connections, usually via TCP port 389. (Generally only safe to use with "localhost" or a very tightly controlled tunnel between this tool and the LDAP server.)
* "tls" for **explicit** SSL/TLS connections, usually via TCP port 389. (Often called "STARTTLS".)
* "ssl" for **implicit** SSL/TLS connections, usually via TCP port 636. (Often called "LDAPS".)

Leaving this null will assume an unencrypted connection.

If the server isn't "localhost" and STARTTLS or LDAPS is unavailable due to whatever certificate issues you have, highly consider using an SSH tunnel with port forwarding to make a secure link instead. *(How to do that is beyond the scope of this tool.)*

##### bindDn *(string|null)*

If your LDAP server does not allow anonymous access (which is a sensible restriction) specify a **full distinguished name**. (You cannot just specify the user name on its own.)

For example: "uid=Administrator,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com"

##### bindPw *(string|null)*

If your LDAP server does not allow anonymous access (which is a sensible restriction) specify the password to go with the bind distinguished name.

Because this has to be stored in the tool's configuration in plain text it would be advisable to create a separate user with limited read-only access to your directory. **Do not use a bind DN/password with administrative/root permissions!**

#### queries

This sub-section configures what to look for in your LDAP instance.

##### baseDn *(string)*

Specify the base distinguished name to work with. This will also be appended to all further DN settings.

Example to work with entire domain name: "dc=example,dc=com"
Example to work with a specific organisational unit tree: "ou=Internal,dc=example,dc=com"

##### userDn *(string|null)*

Specify the distinguished name containing user objects to be searched for.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is typically "cn=Users".
* For OpenLDAP and 389-DS this is typically "ou=People".

Leaving this null will search the entire base DN.

Default: *null*

##### userFilter *(string|null)*

Specify a search filter for finding user objects within the above DN.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is typically "(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user))".
  * If you want to exclude disabled users use "(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))".
* For OpenLDAP and 389-DS this is typically "(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)".
  * If you want to exclude disabled users on OpenLDAP use "(&(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)(objectClass=posixAccount)(shadowExpire=99999))". -- This requires your user objects to use the "posixAccount" class.
  * If you want to exclude disabled users on 389-DS use "(&(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)(!(nsAccountLock=true)))".
  * For both also consider excluding guest accounts with "(!(uid=nobody))(!(gidNumber=65534))" mixed into the AND condition.

Default: "(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)"

##### userUniqueAttribute *(string|null)*

Specify the attribute used to uniquely identify a user by their user name. Their values must be a simple name of which the user would typically type to login to GitLab or any other application interfacing with the same directory.

Default: "uid"

##### userMatchAttribute *(string|null)*

By default, it is assumed that the **userUniqueAttribute** is a user name that can be used to unambiguously determine group membership of individual persons as well as being used for login credentials. If this is the case with your LDAP structure, set **userMatchAttribute** to be empty.

If that is not the case, **userMatchAttribute** can be used to separate these two functions. Specify **userMatchAttribute** to the feature of your user that determines his membership in a group and **userUniqueAttribute** to the user name attribute used for GitLab login credentials. For instance, in some Microsoft Active Directory versions, groups possess a "member" attribute that lists the "distinguishedName" attributes of each member of the group. The user name however is a different attribute of each user being attributed to that group. In this case, set **userMatchAttribute** to "distinguishedName" and **userUniqueAttribute** to your user name attribute.

This attribute only makes sense if **groupMemberAttribute** is "memberUid".

Default: Same as **userNameAttribute**

##### userNameAttribute *(string|null)*

Specify the attribute used for the user's full real name.

Default: "cn"

##### userEmailAttribute *(string|null)*

Specify the attribute used for the user's email address. (If there are multiple values only the first will be used.)

Default: "mail"

##### groupDn *(string|null)*

Specify the distinguished name containing group objects to be searched for.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is typically "cn=Users". *(Yes, that really is "Users", not "Groups".)*
* For OpenLDAP this is typically "ou=Group".
* For 389-DS this is typically "ou=Groups".

Leaving this null will search the entire base DN.

Default: *null*

##### groupFilter *(string|null)*

Specify a search filter for finding group objects within the above DN.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is typically "(objectClass=group)".
* For OpenLDAP this is typically "(objectClass=posixGroup)"
* For 389-DS this is typically "(objectClass=groupOfUniqueNames)".

Default: "(objectClass=groupOfUniqueNames)"

##### groupUniqueAttribute *(string|null)*

Specify the attribute used to uniquely identify a group by its name.

Default: "cn"

##### groupMemberAttribute *(string|null)*

Specify the attribute for group objects defining which users are a member of it.
Depending on the class of group, possible values can be "memberUid", "member", or "uniqueMember".

* In case "memberUid" is used, the values must be user names in their simple form matching the values you'd get with "usersUniqueAttribute", and not containing any structural information such as full distinguished names of users.
* In case "member" or "uniqueMember" is used, the values must be valid distinguished names of users.

Default: "memberUid"

### gitlab

This section configures how to communicate with your GitLab-CE/EE instance.

#### options

##### userNamesToIgnore *(array|null)*

Specify a list of user names of which this tool should ignore. (Case-insensitive.)

This varies not only according to which directory software you're using, but also how your directory has been structured.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is could be "Administrator", "Guest", and any other user you don't expect to contain human users.
* OpenLDAP and 389-DS do not ship with any users out of the box, though "root" and "nobody" are likely candidates to ignore.

This must be defined as an array even if you have only 1 user. Be sure to quote user names that have spaces. For example:

```yaml
userNamesToIgnore:
    - "nobody"
    - "Administrator"
    - "Guest"
```

User name "root" will always be ignored because this is the built-in GitLab root user. This tool will not attempt to create/delete/sync this user name.

Default: *null*

##### groupNamesToIgnore *(array|null)*

Specify a list of group names of which this tool should ignore. (Case-insensitive.)

This varies not only according to which directory software you're using, but also how your directory has been structured. You do not have to specify every group if you've left the "createEmptyGroups" setting (further down) switched off, as this will prevent groups containing no users to be ignored anyway.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is could be "Domain Computers", "Domain Controllers", "DnsAdmins", "DnsUpdateProxy", and any other group you don't expect to contain human users.
* OpenLDAP does ship with any groups out of the box.
* For 389-DS this could be the four out of the box groups: "Accounting Managers", "HR Managers", "PD Managers", and "QA Managers".

This must be defined as an array even if you have only 1 group. Be sure to quote group names that have spaces. For example:

```yaml
groupNamesToIgnore:
    - "Managed Service Accounts"
    - "Marketing Staff"
```

Group names "Root" and "Users" will always be ignored because they are built-in GitLab groups. This will will not attempt to create/delete/sync these group names.

Default: *null*

##### createEmptyGroups *(bool|null)*

Specify whether groups containing no LDAP users should still be created in GitLab.

You should enable this if you want to specify permissions for groups in advance so they'll be ready when the first user is added to that group. If your directory has a lot of empty groups enabling this would only replicate the clutter to GitLab, so should be used with care for large directories.

Default: *false*

##### deleteExtraGroups *(bool|null)*

Specify whether GitLab groups not found in LDAP should be deleted.

You should only enable this if you don't like empty groups being left over in GitLab after doing a purge in your directory. Consider if such groups still contain projects you need to keep. (This scenario remains untested!)

Only empty GitLab groups will ever be deleted. If there are extra groups with members still in them they will not be deleted.

Default: *false*

##### newMemberAccessLevel *(integer|null)*

The access level to provide users when added to groups.

* 10: Guest
* 20: Reporter
* 30: Developer
* 40: Maintainer
* 50: Owner

This will not interfere with existing group members, so you can adjust user permissions in GitLab later on.

Default: 30

##### groupNamesOfAdministrators *(array|null)*

Specify a list of group names of which members should be granted administrator access.

This varies not only according to which directory software you're using, but also how your directory has been structured. Users that have directory administrator access may not necessarily have GitLab administrator access too, so this one is up to you.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is could be "Domain Admins" and "Enterprise Admins".
* OpenLDAP and 389-DS do not ship with such a group out of the box as they typically offer a "Directory Administrator" non-user object or similar for administrative purposes via bind DN.

This must be defined as an array even if you have only 1 group. Be sure to quote group names that have spaces. For example:

```yaml
groupNamesOfAdministrators:
    - "Domain Admins"
    - "Enterprise Admins"
```

Default: *null*

##### groupNamesOfExternal *(array|null)*

Specify a list of group names of which members should be marked as external.

This varies not only according to which directory software you're using, but also how your directory has been structured.

* For Microsoft Active Directory this is could be "Domain Guests".
* OpenLDAP and 389-DS do not ship with such a group out of the box as they typically allow anonymous usage.

This must be defined as an array even if you have only 1 group. Be sure to quote group names that have spaces. For example:

```yaml
groupNamesOfExternal:
    - "Domain Guests"
    - "Clients"
```

Default: *null*

#### instances *(array)*

Declare one or more GitLab instances to sync with. Each array key represents the instance name, which can be used later on to only sync with a particular instance (out of multiple) when running this tool.

##### your-instance-name-here *(array)*

Make up an instance name. For example if you had multiple GitLab installations on servers named "Athena" and "Demeter" it would be sensible to tag them as "athena" and "demeter" in your configuration. All sub-sections of this configuration will be repeated for each instance.

###### url *(string)*

Specify the full HTTP/HTTPS URL to this GitLab instance, e.g. "<https://athena.gitlab.example.com>" or "<https://demeter.gitlab.example.com>". This is the same URL you use to really visit this GitLab installation from your web browser.

###### token *(string)*

Specify an API token (usually a personal token or impersonation token) this tool can use to interface with the GitLab instance's API. This token will need to have the "api" and "sudo" flags available.

###### ldapServerName *(string)*

Specify the LDAP server name used by this GitLab instance. You can find this in the "ldap_servers" section of the "gitlab.rb" configuration file, which represents an array of data specifying how to interface with LDAP such as server host address, bind DN, encryption, base, etc.

**You may need to put "ldap" before this value!** This hasn't been tested across different installation types, but using the Omnibus package it appears if your "gitlab.rb" has the following...

```ruby
gitlab_rails['ldap_servers'] = {
    'main' => {
        ...
    }
}
```

...you will likely need to specify it as "ldapmain" for this setting.

## Running

Once you've configured this tool you can run it from a CLI using:

```console
php bin/console ldap:sync -d
```

Depending on your system's PHP installation you may need to use `php-cli` instead of `php`. (This typically only occurs on WHM/cPanel based servers configured to host PHP via the fast process manager, PHP-FPM.)

**The `-d` option is important for your first run.** This enables "dry run" mode, meaning no changes will be persisted to your GitLab instances. After running this tool you should evaluate the changes that will be made based on the output, then run it again without the `-d` option to persist the changes.

If you'd like to see more verbose output you can add up to 3 `-v` switches, for example:

```console
php bin/console ldap:sync -v
php bin/console ldap:sync -vv
php bin/console ldap:sync -vvv
```

If you'd like to only sync with a single GitLab instance you can specify the name of it as per your configuration as an argument, for example:

```console
php bin/console ldap:sync athena
php bin/console ldap:sync demeter
```

## Built With

* [PHP](https://www.php.net): Entirely PHP.
* [Symfony](https://symfony.com/): Symfony for the console, polyfill, and YAML components.

## Contributing

Please read [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://gist.github.com/PurpleBooth/b24679402957c63ec426) for details on our code of conduct, and the process for submitting pull requests to us.

PHP source code must comply with [PHP-FIG PSRs](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/) 1, 4, and 12 as much as reasonably possible.

### Potential features

* Specifying an attribute on the LDAP user in which this script could write back a user ID for each GitLab instance.
  * This would mean user name (UID) changes in LDAP could be detected and synchronised automatically without user duplication happening.
  * It would likely be a string attribute in the form of `instanceName:userId`, for example `athena:3` and `demeter:15`.
  * It could either be a multi-value attribute to handle multiple GitLab instances, or a single-value attribute split by a semi-colon, for example `athena:3;demeter:15`.
* Likely the same as the above but for groups too. (Group renaming.)

## Versioning

We use [SemVer](http://semver.org/) for versioning. For the versions available, see the [tags on this repository](https://github.com/Adambean/gitlab-ce-ldap-sync/tags).

## Authors

* **Adam Reece** - *Initial work* - [Adambean](https://github.com/Adambean)

See also the list of [contributors](https://github.com/Adambean/gitlab-ce-ldap-sync/contributors) who participated in this project.

## License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

You may obtain a copy of the License at

<https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the [License](LICENSE) for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

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