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json2python-models

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Generate Python model classes (pydantic, attrs, dataclasses) based on JSON datasets with typing module support

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![Example](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bogdandm/json2python-models/master/etc/convert.png)

json2python-models is a [Python](https://www.python.org/) tool that can generate Python models classes
([pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/), ([sqlmodel](https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/),
dataclasses, [attrs](https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/))
from JSON datasets.

## Features

* Full **`typing` module** support
* **Types merging** - if some field contains data of different types this will be represented as `Union` type
* Fields and models **names** generation (unicode support included)
* Similar **models generalization**
* Handling **recursive data** structures (i.e. family tree)
* Detecting **string serializable types** (i.e. datetime or just stringify numbers)
* Detecting fields containing string constants (`Literal['foo', 'bar']`)
* Generation models as **list** (flat models structure) or **tree** (nested models)
* Specifying when dictionaries should be processed as **`dict` type** (by default every dict is considered as some model)
* **CLI** API with a lot of options

## Table of Contents

* [Features](#features)
* [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
* [Example](#example)
* [Installation](#installation)
* [Usage](#usage)
    * [CLI](#cli)
    * [Low level API]()
* [Tests](#tests)
    * [Test examples](#test-examples)
* [Built With](#built-with)
* [Contributing](#contributing)
* [License](#license)

## Examples

### Part of Path of Exile public items API

```python
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing import List, Optional
from typing_extensions import Literal

class Tab(BaseModel):
    id_: str = Field(..., alias="id")
    public: bool
    stash_type: Literal["CurrencyStash", "NormalStash", "PremiumStash"] = Field(..., alias="stashType")
    items: List['Item']
    account_name: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="accountName")
    last_character_name: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="lastCharacterName")
    stash: Optional[str] = None
    league: Optional[Literal["Hardcore", "Standard"]] = None
```

### F1 Season Results

```
driver_standings.json
[
    {
        "season": "2019",
        "round": "3",
        "DriverStandings": [
            {
                "position": "1",
                "positionText": "1",
                "points": "68",
                "wins": "2",
                "Driver": {
                    "driverId": "hamilton",
                    "permanentNumber": "44",
                    "code": "HAM",
                    "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton",
                    "givenName": "Lewis",
                    "familyName": "Hamilton",
                    "dateOfBirth": "1985-01-07",
                    "nationality": "British"
                },
                "Constructors": [
                    {
                        "constructorId": "mercedes",
                        "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One",
                        "name": "Mercedes",
                        "nationality": "German"
                    }
                ]
            },
            ...
        ]
    }
]
```

```
json2models -f pydantic -m DriverStandings driver_standings.json
```

```python
r"""
generated by json2python-models v0.2.0 at Mon May  4 17:46:30 2020
command: /opt/projects/json2python-models/venv/bin/json2models -f pydantic -s flat -m DriverStandings driver_standings.json
"""
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing import List
from typing_extensions import Literal

class DriverStandings(BaseModel):
    season: int
    round_: int = Field(..., alias="round")
    DriverStandings: List['DriverStanding']

class DriverStanding(BaseModel):
    position: int
    position_text: int = Field(..., alias="positionText")
    points: int
    wins: int
    driver: 'Driver' = Field(..., alias="Driver")
    constructors: List['Constructor'] = Field(..., alias="Constructors")

class Driver(BaseModel):
    driver_id: str = Field(..., alias="driverId")
    permanent_number: int = Field(..., alias="permanentNumber")
    code: str
    url: str
    given_name: str = Field(..., alias="givenName")
    family_name: str = Field(..., alias="familyName")
    date_of_birth: str = Field(..., alias="dateOfBirth")
    nationality: str

class Constructor(BaseModel):
    constructor_id: str = Field(..., alias="constructorId")
    url: str
    name: str
    nationality: Literal["Austrian", "German", "American", "British", "Italian", "French"]
```

</details>

### Swagger

`swagger.json` from any online API (I tested file generated by drf-yasg and another one for Spotify API)

It requires a bit of tweaking:
* Some fields store routes/models specs as dicts
* There are a lot of optional fields, so we reduce merging threshold
* Disable string literals

```
json2models -f dataclasses -m Swagger testing_tools/swagger.json \
    --dict-keys-fields securityDefinitions paths responses definitions properties \
    --merge percent_50 number --max-strings-literals 0
```

```python
r"""
generated by json2python-models v0.2.0 at Mon May  4 18:08:09 2020
command: /opt/projects/json2python-models/json_to_models/__main__.py -s flat -f dataclasses -m Swagger testing_tools/swagger.json --max-strings-literals 0 --dict-keys-fields securityDefinitions paths responses definitions properties --merge percent_50 number
"""
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from json_to_models.dynamic_typing import FloatString
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union

@dataclass
class Swagger:
    swagger: FloatString
    info: 'Info'
    host: str
    schemes: List[str]
    base_path: str
    consumes: List[str]
    produces: List[str]
    security_definitions: Dict[str, 'Parameter_SecurityDefinition']
    security: List['Security']
    paths: Dict[str, 'Path']
    definitions: Dict[str, 'Definition_Schema']

@dataclass
class Info:
    title: str
    description: str
    version: str

@dataclass
class Security:
    api_key: Optional[List[Any]] = field(default_factory=list)
    basic: Optional[List[Any]] = field(default_factory=list)

@dataclass
class Path:
    parameters: List['Parameter_SecurityDefinition']
    post: Optional['Delete_Get_Patch_Post_Put'] = None
    get: Optional['Delete_Get_Patch_Post_Put'] = None
    put: Optional['Delete_Get_Patch_Post_Put'] = None
    patch: Optional['Delete_Get_Patch_Post_Put'] = None
    delete: Optional['Delete_Get_Patch_Post_Put'] = None

@dataclass
class Property:
    type_: str
    format_: Optional[str] = None
    xnullable: Optional[bool] = None
    items: Optional['Item_Schema'] = None

@dataclass
class Property_2E:
    type_: str
    title: Optional[str] = None
    read_only: Optional[bool] = None
    max_length: Optional[int] = None
    min_length: Optional[int] = None
    items: Optional['Item'] = None
    enum: Optional[List[str]] = field(default_factory=list)
    maximum: Optional[int] = None
    minimum: Optional[int] = None
    format_: Optional[str] = None

@dataclass
class Item:
    title: Optional[str] = None
    type_: Optional[str] = None
    ref: Optional[str] = None
    max_length: Optional[int] = None
    min_length: Optional[int] = None

@dataclass
class Parameter_SecurityDefinition:
    name: Optional[str] = None
    in_: Optional[str] = None
    required: Optional[bool] = None
    schema: Optional['Item_Schema'] = None
    description: Optional[str] = None
    type_: Optional[str] = None

@dataclass
class Delete_Get_Patch_Post_Put:
    operation_id: str
    description: str
    parameters: List['Parameter_SecurityDefinition']
    responses: Dict[str, 'Response']
    tags: List[str]

@dataclass
class Item_Schema:
    ref: str

@dataclass
class Response:
    description: str
    schema: Optional[Union['Item_Schema', 'Definition_Schema']] = None

@dataclass
class Definition_Schema:
    type_: str
    required: Optional[List[str]] = field(default_factory=list)
    properties: Optional[Dict[str, Union['Property', 'Property_2E']]] = field(default_factory=dict)
    ref: Optional[str] = None
```

</details>

### Github-actions config files

Github-actions model based on files from [starter-workflows](https://github.com/actions/starter-workflows/tree/main/ci)

```
json2models -m Actions "./starter-workflows/ci/*.yml" -s flat -f pydantic -i yaml --dkf env with jobs
```

```python
r"""
generated by json2python-models v0.2.3 at Tue Jul 13 19:52:43 2021
command: /opt/projects/json2python-models/venv/bin/json2models -m Actions ./starter-workflows/ci/*.yml -s flat -f pydantic -i yaml --dkf env with jobs
"""
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
from typing_extensions import Literal

class Actions(BaseModel):
    on: Union['On', List[Literal["push"]]]
    jobs: Dict[str, 'Job']
    name: Optional[str] = None
    env: Optional[Dict[str, Union[int, str]]] = {}

class On(BaseModel):
    push: Optional['Push'] = None
    pull_request: Optional['PullRequest'] = None
    release: Optional['Release'] = None
    schedule: Optional[List['Schedule']] = []
    workflow_dispatch: Optional[None] = None

class Push(BaseModel):
    branches: List[Literal["$default-branch"]]
    tags: Optional[List[Literal["v*.*.*"]]] = []

class PullRequest(BaseModel):
    branches: List[Literal["$default-branch"]]

class Release(BaseModel):
    types: List[Literal["created", "published"]]

class Schedule(BaseModel):
    cron: Literal["$cron-daily"]

class Job(BaseModel):
    runson: Literal["${{ matrix.os }}", "macOS-latest", "macos-latest", "ubuntu-18.04", "ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest"] = Field(..., alias="runs-on")
    steps: List['Step']
    name: Optional[str] = None
    environment: Optional[Literal["production"]] = None
    outputs: Optional['Output'] = None
    container: Optional['Container'] = None
    needs: Optional[Literal["build"]] = None
    permissions: Optional['Permission'] = None
    strategy: Optional['Strategy'] = None
    defaults: Optional['Default'] = None
    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = {}

class Step(BaseModel):
    uses: Optional[str] = None
    name: Optional[str] = None
    with_: Optional[Dict[str, Union[bool, float, str]]] = Field({}, alias="with")
    run: Optional[str] = None
    env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = {}
    workingdirectory: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="working-directory")
    id_: Optional[Literal["build-image", "composer-cache", "deploy-and-expose", "image-build", "login-ecr", "meta", "push-to-registry", "task-def"]] = Field(None, alias="id")
    if_: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="if")
    shell: Optional[Literal["Rscript {0}"]] = None

class Output(BaseModel):
    route: str = Field(..., alias="ROUTE")
    selector: str = Field(..., alias="SELECTOR")

class Container(BaseModel):
    image: Literal["crystallang/crystal", "erlang:22.0.7"]

class Permission(BaseModel):
    contents: Literal["read"]
    packages: Literal["write"]

class Strategy(BaseModel):
    matrix: Optional['Matrix'] = None
    maxparallel: Optional[int] = Field(None, alias="max-parallel")
    failfast: Optional[bool] = Field(None, alias="fail-fast")

class Matrix(BaseModel):
    rversion: Optional[List[float]] = Field([], alias="r-version")
    pythonversion: Optional[List[float]] = Field([], alias="python-version")
    deno: Optional[List[Literal["canary", "v1.x"]]] = []
    os: Optional[List[Literal["macOS-latest", "ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest"]]] = []
    rubyversion: Optional[List[float]] = Field([], alias="ruby-version")
    nodeversion: Optional[List[Literal["12.x", "14.x", "16.x"]]] = Field([], alias="node-version")
    configuration: Optional[List[Literal["Debug", "Release"]]] = []

class Default(BaseModel):
    run: 'Run'

class Run(BaseModel):
    shell: Literal["bash"]
```

</details>

### Example with preamble

<details><summary>----- Show -----</summary>

A simple example to demonstrate adding extra code before the class list.

```sh
json2models -f pydantic --preamble "# set up defaults
USERNAME = 'user'
SERVER_IP = '127.0.0.1'
" -m Swagger testing_tools/swagger.json
```

```py
r"""
generated by json2python-models v0.2.5 at Tue Aug 23 08:55:09 2022
command: json2models -f pydantic --preamble # set up defaults
USERNAME = 'user'
SERVER_IP = '127.0.0.1'
 -m Swagger testing_tools/swagger.json -o output.py
"""
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing import Any, List, Literal, Optional, Union

# set up defaults
USERNAME = 'user'
SERVER_IP = '127.0.0.1'

class Swagger(BaseModel):
 # etc.
```
</details>

## Installation

To install it, use `pip`:

`pip install json2python-models`

Or you can build it from source:

```
git clone https://github.com/bogdandm/json2python-models.git
cd json2python-models
python setup.py install
```

## Usage

### CLI

For regular usage CLI tool is the best option. After you install this package you can use it as `json2models <arguments>`
or `python -m json_to_models <arguments>`. I.e.:
```
json2models -m Car car_*.json -f attrs > car.py
```

Arguments:

* `-h`, `--help` - Show help message and exit

* `-m`, `--model` - Model name and its JSON data as path or unix-like path pattern.
 `*`, `**` or `?` patterns symbols are supported.
 JSON data could be an array of models or single model.
 If this file contains dict with nested list than you can pass
 `<JSON lookup>`. Deep lookups are supported by dot-separated path.
 If no lookup needed pass '-' as `<JSON lookup>` (default)
 * **Format**: `-m <Model name> [<JSON lookup>] <File path or pattern>`
 * **Example**: `-m Car audi.json -m Car results reno.json`

* `-i`, `--input-format` - Input file format (parser). Default is JSON parser. Yaml parser requires PyYaml or
  ruamel.yaml to be installed. Ini parser uses
  builtin [configparser](https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html). To implement new one - add new method
  to `cli.FileLoaders` (and create pull request :) )
  * **Format**: `-i {json, yaml, ini}`
  * **Example**: `-i yaml`
  * **Default**: `-i json`

* `-o`, `--output` - Output file
 * **Format**: `-o <FILE>`
 * **Example**: `-o car_model.py`

* `-f`, `--framework` - Model framework for which python code is generated.
  `base` (default) mean no framework so code will be generated without any decorators and additional meta-data.
    * **Format**: `-f {base, pydantic, sqlmodel, attrs, dataclasses, custom}`
    * **Example**: `-f pydantic`
    * **Default**: `-f base`
    * **Warning**: SQLModel generator does not support Relationships and Foreign keys, they have to be added manually

* `-s`, `--structure` - Models composition style.
    * **Format**: `-s {flat, nested}`
    * **Example**: `-s nested`
    * **Default**: `-s flat`

* `--preamble` - Additional material to be
 * **Format**: `--preamble "<formatted python code string to be added after module imports>"`
 * **Example**:
 ```sh
 --preamble "# set up defaults
 USERNAME = 'user'
 SERVER = '127.0.0.1'"
 ```
 * **Optional**

* `--datetime` - Enable datetime/date/time strings parsing.
    * **Default**: disabled
    * **Warning**: This can lead to 6-7 times slowdown on large datasets. Be sure that you really need this option.

* `--disable-unicode-conversion`, `--no-unidecode` - Disable unicode conversion in field labels and class names
    * **Default**: enabled

* `--strings-converters` - Enable generation of string types converters (i.e. `IsoDatetimeString` or `BooleanString`).
    * **Default**: disabled

* `--max-strings-literals` - Generate `Literal['foo', 'bar']` when field have less than NUMBER string constants as values.
 * **Format**: `--max-strings-literals <NUMBER>`
 * **Default**: 10 (generator classes could override it)
 * **Example**: `--max-strings-literals 5` - only 5 literals will be saved and used to code generation
 * **Note**: There could not be more than **15** literals per field (for performance reasons)
 * **Note**: `attrs` code generator do not use Literals and just generate `str` fields instead

* `--merge` - Merge policy settings. Possible values are:
 * **Format**: `--merge MERGE_POLICY [MERGE_POLICY ...]`
 * **Possible values** (MERGE_POLICY):
 * `percent[_<percent>]` - two models had a certain percentage of matched field names.
 Custom value could be i.e. `percent_95`.
 * `number[_<number>]` - two models had a certain number of matched field names.
 * `exact` - two models should have exact same field names to merge.
 * **Example**: `--merge percent_95 number_20` - merge if 95% of fields are matched or 20 of fields are matched
 * **Default**: `--merge percent_70 number_10`

* `--dict-keys-regex`, `--dkr` - List of regular expressions (Python syntax).
    If all keys of some dict are match one of the pattern then
    this dict will be marked as dict field but not nested model.
    * **Format**: `--dkr RegEx [RegEx ...]`
    * **Example**: `--dkr node_\d+ \d+_\d+_\d+`
    * **Note**: `^` and `$` (string borders) tokens will be added automatically, but you
        have to escape other special characters manually.
    * **Optional**

* `--dict-keys-fields`, `--dkf` - List of model fields names that will be marked as dict fields
    * **Format**: `--dkf FIELD_NAME [FIELD_NAME ...]`
    * **Example**: `--dkf "dict_data" "mapping"`
    * **Optional**

* `--code-generator` - Absolute import path to `GenericModelCodeGenerator` subclass.
    * **Format**: `--code-generator CODE_GENERATOR`
    * **Example**: `-f mypackage.mymodule.DjangoModelsGenerator`
    * **Note**: Is ignored without `-f custom` but is required with it.

* `--code-generator-kwargs` - List of GenericModelCodeGenerator subclass arguments (for `__init__` method,
    see docs of specific subclass).
    Each argument should be in following format: `argument_name=value` or `"argument_name=value with space"`.
    Boolean values should be passed in JS style: `true` or `false`
    * **Format**: `--code-generator-kwargs [NAME=VALUE [NAME=VALUE ...]]`
    * **Example**:  `--code-generator-kwargs kwarg1=true kwarg2=10 "kwarg3=It is string with spaces"`
    * **Optional**

* `--disable-str-serializable-types` - List of python types for which StringSerializable should be disabled.
    Alternatively you could use the name of StringSerializable subclass itself (i.e. IntString).
    * **Format**: `--disable-str-serializable-types [TYPE [TYPE ...]]`
    * **Example**:  `--disable-str-serializable-types float int BooleanString IsoDatetimeString`
    * **Optional**

### Low level API

## Tests

To run tests you should clone project and run `setup.py` script:

```
git clone https://github.com/bogdandm/json2python-models.git
cd json2python-models
python setup.py test -a '<pytest additional arguments>'
```

Also, I would recommend you to install `pytest-sugar` for pretty printing test results

### Test examples

You can find out some examples of usage of this project at [testing_tools/real_apis/...](/testing_tools/real_apis)

Each file contains functions to download data from some online API (references included at the top of file) and
`main` function that generates and prints code. Some examples may print debug data before actual code.
Downloaded data will be saved at `testing_tools/real_apis/<name of example>/<dataset>.json`

## Built With

* [python-dateutil](https://github.com/dateutil/dateutil) - Datetime parsing
* [inflection](https://github.com/jpvanhal/inflection) - String transformations
* [Unidecode](https://pypi.org/project/Unidecode/) - Unicode to ASCII conversion
* [Jinja2](https://github.com/pallets/jinja) - Code templates
* [ordered-set](https://github.com/LuminosoInsight/ordered-set) is used in models merging algorithm

Test tools:
* [pytest](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest) - Test framework
* [pytest-xdist](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-xdist) - Parallel execution of test suites
* [pytest-sugar](https://github.com/Frozenball/pytest-sugar) - Test results pretty printing
* [requests](https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests) - Test data download

## Contributing

Feel free to open pull requests with new features or bug fixes. Just follow few rules:

1. Always use some code formatter ([black](https://github.com/ambv/black) or PyCharm built-in)
2. Keep code coverage above 95-98%
3. All existing tests should be passed (including test examples from `testing_tools/real_apis`)
4. Use `typing` module
5. Fix [codacy](https://app.codacy.com/project/bogdandm/json2python-models/dashboard) issues from your PR

## License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details

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