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grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example

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An example using mocha / chai / sinon in combination with RequireJS and Grunt.js and on top of PhantomJS. Running JavaScript tests from the command line has never been so easy.

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grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example
========================================

An example using mocha / chai / sinon in combination with RequireJS and Grunt.js and on top of PhantomJS. Running JavaScript tests from the command line has never been so easy.

Usage
-----

grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example has one usage: to demonstrate how to use a bunch of awesome javascript libraries in combination.

Why is this helpful?  It's pretty tricky to figure it out on your own (or at least it was for me).  So, hopefully, this will be of some help to someone struggling to put this group of libraries together.

grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example is purposefully lightweight.  There's no example demonstrating how to tie in [React.JS](https://facebook.github.io/react/ "React.JS Documentation") or [Backbone](http://backbonejs.org/ "Backbone Documenation").  But, if you're that far in the game, figuring out that last piece should be trivial (I hope xD).

Configuration Examples
----------------------

### Mocha Configuration for Your [Gruntfile](http://gruntjs.com/sample-gruntfile "An Example Gruntfile")

```javascript
module.exports = function(grunt) {
  grunt.initConfig({
    mocha: {
      // Test all files ending in .html anywhere inside the test directory.
      browser: ['test/**/*.html'],
      options: {
        reporter: 'Nyan', // Duh!
        run: true
      }   
    }
  });
  
  grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-mocha');
  
  grunt.registerTask('test', ['mocha']);
};
```

In this example, tests are stored in a `test` directory relative to the Gruntfile.

You can also run tasks individually with a more robust [Custom Grunt Task](#custom-mocha-task).

### [package.json](https://github.com/isaacs/npm/blob/master/doc/cli/json.md "Detailed package.json Documentation") Configuration

This example uses Grunt, RequireJS, Mocha, Chai, and Sinon.JS--and is, therefore, dependent upon them.

It's good practice to put your project's dependencies inside a `package.json` file (that makes it easy to fetch all the dependencies with a simple `npm install` command).

```javascript
{
  "name": "grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "dependencies": {
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "underscore": "~1.5.2",
    "requirejs": "~2.1.4",
    "bower": "~1.9.2",
    "grunt": "~0.4.1",
    "grunt-cli": "~0.1.7",
    "grunt-contrib-requirejs": "~0.4.1",
    "grunt-lib-phantomjs": "~0.3",
    "grunt-mocha": "~0.3.1"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "postinstall": "bower install; grunt dist"
  }
}
```

### [bower.json](http://bower.io/#defining-a-package "Detailed bower.json Documentation") Configuration

`bower.json` is the equivalent of `package.json` for your client-specifc dependencies. `package.json` is for defining the packages used on your machine for development. `bower.json` is for defining the packages that will be used on the clients' machines--think jQuery.

It's good practice to put your project's client-side dependencies in a `bower.json` file (that makes it easy to fetch all the dependencies with a simple `bower install` command).

```javascript
{
  "name": "grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "hompage": "https://github.com/cuzzo/grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example",
  "description": "Test setup for RequireJS and Mocha.",
  "license": "BSD",
  "private": true,
  "ignore": [
    "**/.*",
    "node_modules",
    "bower_components",
    "test",
    "example"
  ],
  "devDependencies": {
    "chai": "~1.8.1",
    "mocha": "~1.15.1",
    "sinonjs": "~1.7.3"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "requirejs": "~2.1.9"
  }
}
```

[Special thanks to netdance](#acknowledgements).

### [RequireJS Config File](http://requirejs.org/docs/api.html#config "RequireJS Config File Documentation") Example

For simplicity, for this example, config.js could be:

```javascript
require.config({
  'paths': {
    // src
    'add-one': 'src/add-one'
  }
});
```

In this example, there's only one JS file to the "application".  With this config file, the add-one.js code can be accessed like so:

```javascript
require(['add-one'], function(AddOne) {
  var three = AddOne.addOne(2);
});
```

But, in reality, you'll want a [more advanced RequireJS Config file](#multipurpose-reusable-requirejs-config-file). This will allow you to have one configuration file for building, testing, development, and production.

Testing Example
---------------

### Unit testing with Mocha and Chai is dead simple.

In this example, I'm testing an addOne function.  The code looks something like:

```javascript
// Describe allows you to create a group of tests.
describe('addOne Test', function() {
  // it() is the test.
  it('Should be 2.', function() {
    // Chai provides a nice interface for assertions.
    chai.assert.equal(AddOne.addOne(1), 2);
  });
});
```

### An Example of Testing an Asynchronous RequireJS Callback:

```javascript
describe('addOne Test', function() {
 it('Should be 2.', function(done) {
   require([
     'add-one'
   ], function(AddOne) {
     chai.assert.equal(AddOne.addOne(1), 2);
     done();
   });
 });
});
```

Notice the addition of `done` as a parameter to `it()`.  `done` allows your tests to occurr asynchronoulsy, but it requires that it be envoked to end the test--notice the call to `done()` at the end of the test.

### A Stubbing Example with Sinon

```javascript
describe('addOne Test', function() {
  it('Should be 42; stubbed by sinon.', function() {
    // Stub addOne to return 42--no matter what.
    sinon.stub(AddOne, "addOne").returns(42);

chai.assert.equal(AddOne.addOne(1), 42);

// Don't forget to restore (not necessary with clone, but good practice).
    AddOne.addOne.restore();
  });
});
```

`sinon.stub().returns()` allows you to override a function and force it to return whatever you want.  In this example, it returns 42.

* **NOTE**: to stub an object's method you use: `sinon.stub(Object, "methodName")`.

Application Structure
---------------------

The point of tying all of these libraries together is to help assuage the pain of working with large JavaScript projects.  Feel free to organize you're project however you like, but it's probably worth some of your time to think about the structure.

For this simple example, the path directory is:

```
`-repo/              # Repository of all code.
  `-example/         # Directory containing examplary code.
  `-src/             # Directory containing the source code of the application. Along with an app folder, usually you would have tpl and css folders galore here.
    `-app/           # Directory containing the application code.
      `-add-one.js   # The add-one application code.
    `-config.js      # RequireJS configuration file.
    `-main.js        # Example RequireJS main file (your project's main file).
  `-test/            # Directory containing the test code.
  `-bower.json       # Bower configuration file.
  `-Gruntfile.js     # Grunt configuration file.
  `-license.txt      # License to hack.
  `-package.json     # package configuratoin file.
  `-README.md        # This lovely file.
```

Dependencies
------------

* [Node & npm](https://github.com/joyent/node/wiki/Installation "Node Installation Guide") - If you don't have Node or npm installed, follow the link.

Getting Started
---------------

1: Clone the repository.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/cuzzo/grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example.git
```

2: Inside the repository, install the javascript dependencies.

```bash
npm install
```

3: Run the tests!

```bash
npm test
```

If you don't see something like:

```
Running "mocha:browser" (mocha) task
Testing: test/example.html
 3   -_-__,------,
 0   -_-__|  /\_/\ 
 0   -_-_~|_( ^ .^) 
     -_-_ ""  ""

3 tests complete (125 ms)

Done, without errors.
```

you messed something up (somehow).

4: Check `./example/main.dev.html` and `./example/main.dist.html` for "2" in the Console's log. That means it worked.

Getting Fancy
-------------

### Custom Mocha Task

To allow individual tests to be run by name, you can do something like:

```javascript
module.exports = function(grunt) {
  grunt.initConfig({
    mocha: {
      options: {
        reporter: 'Nyan', // Duh!
        run: true
      }
    }
  });
  
  grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-mocha');

grunt.registerTask('test', 'Run Mocha tests.', function() {
    // If not --test option is specified, run all tests.
    var test_case = grunt.option('test') || '**/*';

grunt.config.set('mocha.browser', ['test/' + test_case + '.html']);
    grunt.task.run('mocha');
  });
});
```

In the above, a custom task `test` is registered by the name "test". Therefore, when `./node_modules/grunt-cli/bin/grunt test` is run from the CLI, the function registered at task "test" is run. That function being:

```javascript
// If not --test option is specified, run all tests.
var test_case = grunt.option('test') || '**/*';

grunt.config.set('mocha.browser', ['test/' + test_case + '.html']);
grunt.task.run('mocha');
```

Which just checks the command line for a "test" option, configuring the standard Mocha task to use either the CLI supplied test or the default glob "**/*" for all tests. Then, it simply runs the standard Mocha task (which comes from `grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-mocha');`).

So, if for example, there were two tests (`./test/test1.html` and `./test/test2.html`), you can run the commands:

```bash
./node_modules/grunt-cli/bin/grunt test --test=test1
./node_modules/grunt-cli/bin/grunt test --test=test2
```

The above command would run each test indivdually. Alternatively, to run all the tests, you just run the default test command:

```bash
./node_modules/grunt-cli/bin/grunt test
```

Grunt's [Task Runner Documentation](http://gruntjs.com/api/grunt.task "The Gurnt Task Runner Guide") explains how to register tasks and whatnot in more depth. Check it out if you're scratching your head.

### Multipurpose Reusable RequireJS Config File

If you immediately run `require.config()` with your RequireJS config options, you can't modify or easily access the the config options from other files.

Therefore, it's better to store the config options in some dictionary `Config`. Later, it can be exported either AMD-like (for RequireJS) or CommonJS-like (for node). E.G.:

```javascript
(function() {
  // This is ultimately fed to require.config().
  var Config = {
    'paths': {
      // src
      'add-one': 'src/add-one'
    }
  };

// If _TEST_MODE, configre to '../' since our tests are stored in './test/'.
  if (typeof _TEST_MODE !== 'undefined' && _TEST_MODE === true) {
    Config.baseUrl = '../src/';
    require.config(Config);
    return true;
  }

// If 'define' exists as a function, run main.
  if (typeof define === 'function') {
    require.config(Config);
    require(['main'], function(Main) {
      Main.main();
    });
    return true;
  }
  // If exports exists as an object, CommonJS.
  if (typeof module === 'object') {
    module.exports = Config;
  }
  // If module exists as an object, use CommonJS-like module exports for node.
  if (typeof exports === 'object') {
    exports.RJSConfig = Config;
  }

return Config;
})();
```

### RequireJS Configuration for Your Gruntfile

So, now that you have a nice RequireJS configuration file, let's use it in Grunt to make building your distributable nice and simple.

```javascript
var _ = require('underscore')._;
var RJSConfig = require('./src/config');

module.exports = function(grunt) {
  // Add require.js to the paths.
  RJSConfig.paths = _.extend(RJSConfig.paths, {
    'require-lib': '../node_modules/requirejs/require'
  });

// Include EVERY path in the distributable.
  RJSConfig.include = [];
  _.each(RJSConfig.paths, function(path, key) {
    RJSConfig.include.push(key);
  });

grunt.initConfig({
    requirejs: {
      compile: {
        options: _.extend(RJSConfig, {
          name: 'config',
          out: 'dist/my-proj.js',
          baseUrl: './src',
          generateSourceMaps: true,
          optimize: 'uglify2',
          optimizeAllPluginResources: true,
          preserveLicenseComments: false
        })
      }
    }
  });

grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-requirejs');

grunt.registerTask('dist', ['requirejs']);
};
```

This assumes that your RequireJS configuration is in directory `src` relative to your Gruntfile (which it is for this example, but may not be in your case). Notice the `requirejs.compile.options` set to "./src".

### Putting it Together

To have the fancy mocha task to run tests individually by name, and to have the requirejs task to build your distributable--you'd end up with a Gruntfile like so:

```javascript
var _ = require('underscore')._;
var RJSConfig = require('./config');

module.exports = function(grunt) {
  // Add require.js to the paths.
  RJSConfig.paths = _.extend(RJSConfig.paths, {
    'require-lib': '../node_modules/requirejs/require'
  });

// Include EVERY path in the distributable.
  RJSConfig.include = [];
  _.each(RJSConfig.paths, function(path, key) {
    RJSConfig.include.push(key);
  });

grunt.initConfig({
    pkg: grunt.file.readJSON('package.json'),
    requirejs: {
      compile: {
        options: _.extend(RJSConfig, {
          name: 'config',
          out: 'dist/my-proj.js',
          baseUrl: './src',
          generateSourceMaps: true,
          optimize: 'uglify2',
          optimizeAllPluginResources: true,
          preserveLicenseComments: false
        })
      }
    },
    mocha: {
      options: {
        reporter: 'Nyan', // Duh!
        run: true
      }
    }
  });

grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-mocha');
  grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-requirejs');

grunt.registerTask('test', 'Run Mocha tests.', function() {
    // If not --test option is specified, run all tests.
    var test_case = grunt.option('test') || '**/*';

grunt.config.set('mocha.browser', ['test/' + test_case + '.html']);
    grunt.task.run('mocha');
  });
  grunt.registerTask('dist', ['requirejs']);
};
```

Other Resources
---------------
* [grunt-mocha](https://github.com/kmiyashiro/grunt-mocha "An Example of Running Mocha Tests with Grunt") - Most helpful resource that I found while trying to tie these libraries together.
* [Grunt Guide](http://gruntjs.com/getting-started "Getting Started with Grunt") - Grunt's documentation (in case you have any troubles with grunt or grunt-cli).
* [Sinon Examples](http://sinonjs.org/docs/ "Sinon Documentation - Mocks and Stubs and Spies, oh my!") - Use cases for Sinon (and why you might want to consider using it, if you're not already).
* [Mocha Examples](http://mochajs.org/#getting-started "Getting Started with Mocha.js") - Unit tests example with Mocha (and why you might want to consider it, if you're using something else).
* [RequireJS / React.JS + JSX Configuration](https://github.com/podio/requirejs-react-jsx "RequireJS + React.JS + JSX Configuration Example")
* [RequireJS / Backbone Configuration](http://gregfranko.com/blog/require-dot-js-2-dot-0-shim-configuration/ "RequireJS / Backbone shim Configuration") - Not the best example, but...

Acknowledgements
----------------

* [Mocha-AMD-Example](https://github.com/netdance/Mocha-AMD-example) - Special thanks to Jim Driscoll for his fork, and suggestion to use Bower. Check out his fork. He's taking it to some interesting places, to the next level.

License
-------

grunt-requirejs-mocha-chai-sinon-example is free--as in BSD. Hack your heart out, hackers.

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