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Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder

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Azure Hub or virtual WAN & Spoke playground - Lab Builder

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[![LabBuilder - Deploy VNET Scenarios](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/vnet.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/vnet.yml)

[![LabBuilder - Deploy VWAN Scenarios](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/vwan.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/vwan.yml)

[![LabBuilder - Deploy AVNM Scenarios](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/avnm.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/avnm.yml)

[![LabBuilder - Bicep ARM Build](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/armbuild.yml/badge.svg?event=pull_request)](https://github.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/actions/workflows/armbuild.yml)

## Table of contents

- [Table of contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Deploy to Azure](#deploy-to-azure)
- [Description](#description)
- [Scenario's](#scenarios)
  - [Topology drawing - Hub \& Spoke](#topology-drawing---hub--spoke)
  - [Topology drawing - Azure Virtual WAN](#topology-drawing---azure-virtual-wan)
- [Deployment notes](#deployment-notes)
  - [General](#general)
  - [Subnet Ip Address range usage](#subnet-ip-address-range-usage)
  - [Resource Names](#resource-names)
- [Azure Monitor Agent, VM Insights and Dependency Agent](#azure-monitor-agent-vm-insights-and-dependency-agent)
- [Azure Virtual Network Manager](#azure-virtual-network-manager)
- [Private Subnets (Disable Default Outbound Access)](#private-subnets-disable-default-outbound-access)
- [Multi-Region](#multi-region)
  - [Multi-Region Deployments](#multi-region-deployments)
  - [Multi-Region Configuration](#multi-region-configuration)
  - [Multi-Region Topology](#multi-region-topology)
- [Parameters overview](#parameters-overview)
- [Updates](#updates)
- [April 2026 updates](#april-2026-updates)
  - [July 2025 updates](#july-2025-updates)
  - [April 2025 updates](#april-2025-updates)
  - [March 2025 updates](#march-2025-updates)
  - [July 2024 updates](#july-2024-updates)
  - [Februari 2024 updates](#februari-2024-updates)
  - [June 2023 updates](#june-2023-updates)
  - [May 2023 updates](#may-2023-updates)
  - [September 2022 updates](#september-2022-updates)
  - [July 2022 updates](#july-2022-updates)
  - [June 2022 updates](#june-2022-updates)
  - [May 2022 updates](#may-2022-updates)

## Deploy to Azure

| Description                  | Template                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Deploy to Azure Subscription | [![Deploy to Azure](https://aka.ms/deploytoazurebutton)](https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_Azure_CreateUIDef/CustomDeploymentBlade/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FPieterbasNagengast%2FAzure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder%2Fmain%2FARM%2Fmain.json/uiFormDefinitionUri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FPieterbasNagengast%2FAzure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder%2Fmain%2FuiDefinition.json) |

> :warning: **Warning:**
> **This deployment is meant for Demo, Test, Learning, Training, Practice or Reproduction purposes ONLY!!**
> **Please don't deploy to production environments!!**

## Description

This Lab Builder is built for testing, training, learning, reproduce and demo purposes which allows for quickly repeatable deployments of Azure Hub & Spoke topology. All components like: Azure Virtual Machines, Azure Firewalls, Azure Virtual Network Gateways, Azure Bastion Hosts and the number of Spokes are optional making this deployment suitable for every scenario!

**New Multi-Region Support**: Deploy across multiple Azure regions with automatic cross-region connectivity, global VNET peering, and cross-region VPN tunnels for comprehensive multi-region testing scenarios.

Optionally you can deploy:

- Azure Firewall (Standard or Premium) in the Hub (VNET or vWAN) incl. Route table
- Azure Virtual network manager (AVNM) with Hub & Spoke topology and optionally Directly Connected network group.
- Virtual Machines in Spoke VNET's **
- Bastion Host in Hub VNET ****
- Azure Monitor Agent and Dependency Agent on Virtual Machines
- Azure Firewall rule Collection group which enables spoke-to-spoke and internet traffic.
- Simulated 'OnPremises' VNET with optional ***:
  - VPN Gateway
  - Site-2-Site VPN connection to Hub (VNET or vWAN)
  - Bastion Host
  - Virtual Machine

** On deployment you can specify the amount of Spoke VNET's to be deployed. VNET peerings will be deployed if both Hub and Spoke(s) are selected for deployment. When deploying together with AVNM the VNET peerings will be managed by AVNM.

*** To simulate OnPrem hybrid connectivity you can optionally deploy a 'OnPrem' VNET. Optionally deploy a Bastion Host, Virtual Machine and Virtual Network Gateway in the OnPrem VNET. When a Hub is also deployed with a VPN Gateway you can optionally deploy a site-to-site VPN connection.

**** Azure Virtual Network Manager is only supported in 'VNET' Hub & Spoke topology.

## Scenario's

With LAB Builder you can deploy 4 **main** scenario's.

1. Only deploy **Spoke(s)**
2. Only deploy **VNET Hub** or **Azure Virtual Hub**
3. Deploy **Hub or vWAN Hub and Spoke(s)**
4. Deploy **Hub or vWAN Hub and Spoke(s)** and **OnPrem** simulating Hybrid connectivity

Within these **main** scenario's there are multiple options (but not limited to this):

| Scenrio | What gets deployed |
| ------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **1. Only deploy Spokes** | - Resource Group (rg-Spoke#) - Virtual Network (VNET-Spoke#) - Network Security Group (NSG-Spoke#) linked to 'Default' Subnet - Subnet (Default) - [optional] Subnet (AzureBastionSubnet) - [optional] Subnet (AzureFirewallSubnet) - [optional] Azure Bastion Host (Bastion-Spoke#) incl. Public IP - [optional] Azure Virtual Machine (Windows) *Only in combination with Firewall in Hub:* - Route table (RT-Hub) linked to 'Default' Subnet, with default route to Azure Firewall |
| **2. Only deploy Hub or vWAN Hub** | - Resource Group (rg-Hub) - Virtual Network (VNET-Hub) - [optional] Subnet (AzureBastionSubnet) - [optional] Subnet (AzureFirewallSubnet) - [optional] Subnet (GatewaySubnet) - [optional] Azure Bastion Host (Bastion-Hub) incl. Public IP - [optional] Azure Firewall (AzFw) incl. Public IP - [optional] Azure Firewall Policy (AzFwPolicy) - [optional] Azure Firewall Policy rule Collection Group - [optional] Virtual Network Gateway *Only in combination with Firewall in Hub:* - Route table (RT-Hub) linked to 'Default' Subnet, with default route to Azure Firewall |
| **3. Deploy Hub or vWAN Hub and Spokes** | includes all from scenario 1 and 2, incl: - VNET Peerings |
| **4. Deploy Hub or vWAN Hub and Spokes + OnPrem** | includes all from scenario 1, 2 and 3 incl: - Resource Group (rg-OnPrem) - Virtual Network (VNET-OnPrem) - Network Security Group (NSG-OnPrem) linked to 'Default' Subnet - Subnet (Default) - [optional] Subnet (AzureBastionSubnet) - [optional] Subnet (GatewaySubnet) - [optional] Azure Bastion Host (Bastion-Hub) incl. Public IP - [optional] Azure Virtual Machine (Windows) *Only in combination with Hub:* - [optional] Site-to-Site VPN Connection to Hub Gateway |
| **5. Deploy Multi-Region Hub & Spoke** | includes all from scenarios 1, 2, 3 and 4 deployed across multiple regions, incl: - Global VNET Peering between regions - Cross-Region VPN Connections - Multi-Region Hub & Spoke topology - Cross-Region OnPrem connectivity - Region-specific resource groups and naming - Independent address spaces per region |

### Topology drawing - Hub & Spoke

![LabBuilderTopology](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/main/images/LabBuilder.svg)

### Topology drawing - Azure Virtual WAN

![LabBuilderTopology-vWAN](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PieterbasNagengast/Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder/main/images/LabBuilder-vWAN.svg)

## Deployment notes

### General

- VNET Connections will be deployed when vWAN Hub and Spokes are selected
- VNET Peering will be deployed when Hub and Spoke are selected
- ICMPv4 Firewall rule will be enabled on Virtual Machines
- Windows VM image is Windows Server 2022 Datacenter Gen2
- Linux VM image is Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS Gen2
- Route table incl. Default routes (Private and Public) will be deployed in vWAN Hub if Azure Firewall is selected.  
- Route tables (UDR's) incl. Default route will be deployed if Azure Firewall is selected (0.0.0.0/0 -> Azure Firewall)
- Network Security group will be deployed to 'default' subnets only
- At deployment use a /16 subnet. every VNET (Hub and Spoke VNET's) will get a /24 subnet
- Hub VNET will always get the first available /24 address space. eg. 172.16.0.0/24
- Spoke(s) VNET gets subsequent address spaces. eg. 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24 etc.
- OnPrem VNET will always get the latest available /24 address space. eg. 172.16.255.0/24
- see subnet details:

### Subnet Ip Address range usage

*Spoke VNET's subnets:*

| Subnet Name        | Subnet address range | notes                         |
| ------------------ | -------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| default            | x.x.Y.0/26           |                               |
| AzureBastionSubnet | x.x.Y.64/26          | Only when Bastion is selected |

*Hub VNET subnets:*

| Subnet Name         | Subnet address range | notes                                                     |
| ------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| AzureFirewallSubnet | x.x.0.4/26           | Only applicable for Hub VNET with Azure Firewall selected |
| AzureBastionSubnet  | x.x.0.64/26          | Only when Bastion is selected                             |
| GatewaySubnet       | x.x.0.128/26         | Only when Gateway is selected                             |

*Azure virtual WAN Hub subnet:*

| Subnet Name | Subnet address range | notes |
| ----------- | -------------------- | ----- |
| n/a         | x.x.0.0/24           |       |

*OnPrem VNET subnets:*

| Subnet Name        | Subnet address range | notes                         |
| ------------------ | -------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| default            | x.x.255.0/26         |                               |
| AzureBastionSubnet | x.x.255.64/26        | Only when Bastion is selected |
| GatewaySubnet      | x.x.255.128/26       | Only when Gateway is selected |

### Resource Names

| Type                                      | Name               |
| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Hub VNET                                  | VNET-Hub           |
| Spoke VNET's                              | VNET-Spoke#        |
| Spoke Virtual Machines                    | VM-Spoke#          |
| Hub Route Table                           | RT-Hub             |
| Spoke Route tables                        | RT-Spoke#          |
| Hub Bastion Host                          | Bastion-Hub        |
| Spoke Bastion Hosts                       | Bastion-Spoke#     |
| Hub Network Security Group for Bastion    | NSG-Bastion-Hub    |
| Spoke Network Security Groups             | NSG-Spoke#         |
| Hub Azure Firewall                        | Firewall-Hub       |
| Hub Virtual Network Gateway               | Gateway-Hub        |
| OnPrem VNET                               | VNET-OnPrem        |
| OnPrem Virtual Machine                    | VM-OnPrem          |
| OnPrem Bastion Host                       | Bastion-OnPrem     |
| OnPrem Network Security Group             | NSG-OnPrem         |
| OnPrem Network Security Group for Bastion | NSG-Bastion-OnPrem |
| OnPrem Virtual Network gateway            | Gateway-OnPrem     |
| Azure Virtual Network Manager             | LabBuilder-AVNM    |

## Azure Monitor Agent, VM Insights and Dependency Agent

- Azure Monitor Agent will be deployed on all VM's (Windows and Linux)
- Data collection rule (DCR) will be deployed in Hub Resource group and associated with all VM's
- Data collection rule includes all configuration for VMInsights including Service Map (Dependency agent)
- Dependency Agent will be installed on Windows VM's only.

## Azure Virtual Network Manager

When deploying a Hub you can also deploy a Azure Virtual Network Manager (AVNM). AVNM will be deployed in the HUB resource group and will add the Spoke VNET's as 'static' members of the Network Group. Connectivity configuration is added to support HUB&Spoke topology. Configuration will be deployed using a Deployment Script and User Assigned Identity.

> :warning: **Warning:**
> You will need to have 'Owner' rights on the HUB resource group to deploy AVNM. 
> The deployment script will create a User Assigned Identity and assign the 'Network Contributor' role to the HUB resource group.
> This is required to run the Deployment Script which deploys the AVNM configuration.

## Private Subnets (Disable Default Outbound Access)

When deploying Private Subnets in the Spoke VNET's you can disable the default outbound access. This is only available when deploying Azure Firewall in the Hub VNET. The default outbound access will be disabled on the Spoke VNET subnets and all traffic will be routed to the Azure Firewall (Explicit outbound access).

## Multi-Region

### Multi-Region Deployments

The LAB Builder now supports deploying across multiple Azure regions (up to 2 regions) for comprehensive multi-region testing scenarios. This enables you to test:

- **Global VNET Peering**: Automatic peering between VNETs across regions
- **Cross-Region VPN Connections**: Site-to-site VPN tunnels between regions
- **Multi-Region Hub & Spoke**: Deploy Hub and Spoke topologies across regions
- **Cross-Region OnPrem Connectivity**: Simulate OnPrem connections to multiple regions

### Multi-Region Configuration

To deploy across multiple regions, configure the `locations` parameter in your deployment:

```bicep
param locations = [
  {
    region: 'swedencentral'
    addressSpace: '172.16.0.0/16'
    hubSubscriptionID: subscription().subscriptionId
    spokeSubscriptionID: subscription().subscriptionId
    onPremSubscriptionID: subscription().subscriptionId
  }
  {
    region: 'germanywestcentral'
    addressSpace: '172.31.0.0/16'
    hubSubscriptionID: subscription().subscriptionId
    spokeSubscriptionID: subscription().subscriptionId
    onPremSubscriptionID: subscription().subscriptionId
  }
]
```

### Multi-Region Topology

When deploying in multi-region mode:
- Each region gets its own Hub and Spoke topology
- Global VNET peering is automatically configured between regions
- Cross-region VPN tunnels are established between Hub VNETs or vWAN Hubs
- OnPrem VNETs can connect to multiple regions simultaneously

## Parameters overview

## Updates

## April 2026 updates
- Updated Bicep code to use latest API versions for all resources
- Fixed: Azure Firewall Policy now adds correct CIDR range used for network and application rules
- Upgraded VPN Gateway SKU to VpnGw1AZ Generation 2 SKU as older VPN Gateway SKUs are being retired by Microsoft
- Upgraded VPN Gateway PiP to deploy zone redundant (required by AZ's VPN Gateways)

### July 2025 updates
- Enhanced multi-region deployment capabilities with improved cross-region connectivity
- Updated default Virtual Machine SKUs to more cost-effective options (Standard_B2ls_v2)
- Improved Bicep parameter file structure with better organization and validation
- Enhanced Azure Bastion Premium SKU support across all deployment scenarios
- Optimized subnet allocation for better address space utilization
- Improved documentation and parameter descriptions for better user experience
- Updated resource naming conventions for better consistency across deployments
- Enhanced AVNM (Azure Virtual Network Manager) integration with improved routing capabilities

### April 2025 updates
- Added support for Multi-Region deployments
- Added Global VNET Peering when deploying in Multi-Region
- Added Cross Region VPN tunnels when deploying in Multi-Region including OnPrem VNET

### March 2025 updates
- Updated Resources API's to latest version
- Add ability to enable Private Subnet on Spoke VNET's
- Added NSG for Bastion Subnets
- AVNM deployments: added support for AVNM managed Route tables (UDR's) on Spoke VNET's
- Test/Validation Pipelines: moved from JSON paramters files to bicep parameters files
- Test/Validation Pipelines: moved to azure/bicep-deploy@v2instead of azure/arm-deploy@v2
- Bicep Build Pipeline: Optimized pipeline to auto generate ARM file and Commit-PushNewBranch-PR-AutoApprove

### July 2024 updates

- Updated Bicep code to use safe-access operator (?.) and null-coalescing operator (??)
- Updated Resources API's to latest version
- Add support for Azure Bastion Premium SKU
- Modified VNET deployment so Default subnet is optional
- Updated UI Definition; Removed 'deploy VM in Hub option'
- Updated UI Definition; Added Azure Bastion Premium Option
- Removed Default subnet in HUB VNET deployment
- Removed option to deploy VM in HUB VNET (Default subnet)
- Removed specific routes to Default subnet in HUB in Route tables
- Resized Subnets to use /26 instead of a mix of /26 and /27
- Updated validation and error description of BGP ASN usage in UI definition to make it more clear
- Changed default values for BGP ASN's (for VNET deployment = 65010, VWAN deployment = 65515, OnPrem deployment = 65020)
- Removed 'Deploy Bastion to Spokes'
- Removed VNET peering fully meshed option (Deploy AVNM instead and use direct connected group)
- Removed batched deployment of vWAN vnet connections
- Modify parameter files for testing to not include Hub VM's anymore
- Update README file
- Update topology drawings

### Februari 2024 updates

- Enable Azure vWAN Routing Intent Policy with Azure Firewall
- Update Bicep code to use function CIDRSubet and CIDRHost

### June 2023 updates

- Deploy Azure Virtual Network Manager (AVNM) to manage VNET Peerings

### May 2023 updates

- Deploy Azure Monitor Agent on Windows and Linux VM's
- Deploy Dependency Agent (Service Map) on Windows VM's
- Deploy Data Collections Rule (DCR) with VMInsights (Performance and Map) enabled
- Select an existing Log Analytics Workspace to be used with AMA/DA and DCR
- Deploy VNET peerings between Spoke VNET's in a fully Meshed topology

### September 2022 updates

- Enable Azure Firewall DNS proxy and set VNET DNS to Firewall IP address
- Enable Diagnostic settings to log to existing LogAnalytics workspace
- Deploy Microsoft Monitoring agent if existing LogAnalytics is selected

### July 2022 updates

- Multi Subscription deployment. You can now specify different Subscriptions for HUB, Spokes and Onprem deployments
- Virtual machine Sizes. You can now specify different VM Sizes for HUB, Spokes and OnPrem deployments
- Vitual machine Os Types. You can now specify Windows or Linux for HUB, Spokes and OnPrem deployments
- Bastion Host SKU Types. You van noew specify Bastion SKU Basic or Standard for HUB, Spokes and OnPrem deployments
- Updated this ReadMe file

### June 2022 updates

- BGP support for VPN site-to-site (VNET and vWAN)
- Azure Virtual WAN support. Choose between Azure vWAN or VNET for Hub deployments

### May 2022 updates

- Add default Firewall Network & Application rules
- Deploy separate VNET (simulate OnPrem) and deploy VPN gateways including Site-to-Site tunnel
- remove static Resource Group names
- use CIDR notation as Address Space (Instead of first two octets
- Virtual machine OS Type. Windows and Linux support
- Virtual Machine SKU size selection
- Virtual machine boot diagnostics (Managed storage account)
- Virtual machine delete option of Disk and Nic
- Tags support for resources deployed

Azure-HubSpoke-LabBuilder

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