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functions-framework-dotnet

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FaaS (Function as a service) framework for writing portable .NET functions

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# Functions Framework for .NET

[![.NET Unit CI](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-dotnet/actions/workflows/unit.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-dotnet/actions/workflows/unit.yml)
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[![Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework](https://img.shields.io/nuget/vpre/Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework?label=Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework)](https://nuget.org/packages/Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework)
[![Google.Cloud.Functions.Hosting](https://img.shields.io/nuget/vpre/Google.Cloud.Functions.Hosting?label=Google.Cloud.Functions.Hosting)](https://nuget.org/packages/Google.Cloud.Functions.Hosting)
[![Google.Cloud.Functions.Templates](https://img.shields.io/nuget/vpre/Google.Cloud.Functions.Templates?label=Google.Cloud.Functions.Templates)](https://nuget.org/packages/Google.Cloud.Functions.Templates)
[![Google.Cloud.Functions.Testing](https://img.shields.io/nuget/vpre/Google.Cloud.Functions.Testing?label=Google.Cloud.Functions.Testing)](https://nuget.org/packages/Google.Cloud.Functions.Testing)

An open source FaaS (Function as a service) framework for writing portable
.NET functions -- brought to you by the Google Cloud Run Functions team.

The Functions Framework lets you write lightweight functions that run in many
different environments, including:

* [Google Cloud Run functions](https://cloud.google.com/functions/)
* Your local development machine
* [Knative](https://github.com/knative/)-based environments

## Prerequisites

The Functions Framework for .NET requires [.NET 8.0](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download) or later.

## Quickstarts

### Quickstart: Hello, World on your local machine

First, install the template package into the .NET tooling:

```sh
dotnet new -i Google.Cloud.Functions.Templates
```

Next, create a directory for your project, and use `dotnet new` to
create a new HTTP function:

```sh
mkdir HelloFunctions
cd HelloFunctions
dotnet new gcf-http
```

That will create `HelloFunctions.csproj` and `Function.cs` in
the current directory. Edit `Function.cs` to have a look at what's
required, and provide a custom message if you want.

Run the function:

```sh
dotnet run
```

Once the server is running, browse to http://localhost:8080 to
invoke the function. Press Ctrl-C in the console to stop the server.

> **Note:**  
> Visual Studio supports using .NET Core CLI templates from version
> 16.8.0 onwards. In some versions (including 16.8.0) you first need
> to enable the feature under Tools / Options / Preview Features /
> "Show all .NET Core templates in the New project dialog". You will
> need to restart Visual Studio after enabling this feature.

### Quickstart: Build a Deployable Container

Here is how to build and run a deployable container on your local machine.

1. Install [Docker](https://store.docker.com/search?type=edition&offering=community) and the [`pack` tool](https://buildpacks.io/docs/install-pack/).

1. Build a container from your function using the Functions [buildpacks](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/buildpacks):
	```sh
	pack build \
		--builder gcr.io/buildpacks/builder:v1 \
		--env GOOGLE_FUNCTION_SIGNATURE_TYPE=http \
		--env GOOGLE_FUNCTION_TARGET=HelloFunctions.Function \
		my-first-function
	```

1. Start the built container:
	```sh
	docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 my-first-function
	# Output: Serving function...
	```

1. Send a request to this function by navigating to `localhost:8080`. You should see the output `Hello, Functions Framework.`

## CloudEvent Functions

After installing the same template package described above, use the
`gcf-event` template:

```sh
mkdir HelloEvents
cd HelloEvents
dotnet new gcf-event
```

That will create the same set of files as before, but the `Function`
class now implements `ICloudEventFunction<StorageObjectData>`. This is a
function that responds to [CNCF Cloud
Events](https://cloudevents.io/), expecting data corresponding to a
Google Cloud Storage object. If you deploy the function with a
trigger of `google.storage.object.finalize` and then upload a new
object to Google Cloud Storage, the sample event will log the
details of the new event, including some properties of the storage
object.

The procedure for running a CloudEvent Function is exactly the same
as for an HTTP Function.

The type argument to the generic `ICloudEventFunction<TData>` interface
expresses the type of data your function expects within the
CloudEvent. The data type should be annotated with
[CloudEventFormatterAttribute](https://github.com/cloudevents/sdk-csharp/blob/master/src/CloudNative.CloudEvents/CloudEventFormatterAttribute.cs)
to indicate an appropriate `CloudEventFormatter` which knows how to parse the CloudEvent, including its data.
Typically this is a type from the
[Google.Events.Protobuf](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Google.Events.Protobuf)
package. See the [google-cloudevents-dotnet
README](https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloudevents-dotnet/blob/main/README.md)
for more information about this package.

> **Note:**  
> Google Cloud Run functions support for events predates the CNCF Cloud
> Events initiative. The types in the `Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework.GcfEvents`
> namespace provide payloads for these events. The Functions Framework
> converts the Google Cloud Run functions representation into a CloudEvent
> representation transparently, so as a developer you only need to
> handle CloudEvents.

### Untyped CloudEvent Functions

If you are experimenting with CloudEvents and don't yet have a
payload data model you wish to commit to, or you want your function
to be able to handle *any* CloudEvent, you can implement the
non-generic `ICloudEventFunction` interface. Your function's method
will then just be passed a `CloudEvent`, with no separate data object.

After installing the template package described earlier, use the
`gcf-untyped-event` template:

```sh
mkdir HelloUntypedEvents
cd HelloUntypedEvents
dotnet new gcf-untyped-event
```

This will create a function that simply logs the information about
any CloudEvent it receives.

## VB and F# support

The templates package also supports VB and F# projects. Just use `-lang vb`
or `-lang f#` in the `dotnet new` command. For example, the HTTP function example
above can be used with VB like this:

```sh
mkdir HelloFunctions
cd HelloFunctions
dotnet new gcf-http -lang vb
```

The examples and documentation are primarily written in C# for the
moment, but the same concepts and features apply equally to VB.

F# support is currently not "idiomatic F#", but regular F# functions
should be easy to wrap using the code in the templates. Feedback on
how we can provide a more familiar F# experience is welcome.

## Run your function on serverless platforms

### Google Cloud Run functions

You can use the [Google Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk) to
deploy to Google Cloud Run Functions from the command line with the
`gcloud` tool.

Once you have created and configured a Google Cloud project (as
described in the [Google Cloud Run functions
Quickstarts](https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/quickstarts)
and [installed the Google Cloud
SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install), open a command line
and navigate to the function directory. Use the `gcloud functions
deploy` command to deploy the function.

Other function types require different command line options. See the
[deployment documentation](docs/deployment.md) for more details.

### Container environments based on Knative

Cloud Run and Cloud Run on GKE both implement the [Knative Serving
API](https://www.knative.dev/docs/). The Functions Framework is designed to be
compatible with Knative environments. Just build and deploy your container to a
Knative environment.

## Configure the Functions Framework

You can configure the Functions Framework using command-line flags or
environment variables. If you specify both, the environment variable will be
ignored. For convenience, if you specify just a single command line
argument, that is assumed to be the target.

Command-line flag             | Environment variable      | Description
----------------------------- | ------------------------- | -----------
`--port`                      | `PORT`                    | The port on which the Functions Framework listens for requests. Default: `8080`
`--target` (or only argument) | `FUNCTION_TARGET`         | The name of the target function (implementing `IHttpFunction`, `ICloudEventFunction` or `ICloudEventFunction<TData>`) to be invoked in response to requests.

If the function isn't specified at all, the assembly is scanned for
compatible types. If a single suitable type is found, that is used
as the function. If multiple types are found, the target type must
be specified.

Examples:

- `dotnet run`
- `dotnet run HelloFunctions.Function`
- `dotnet run --target HelloFunctions.Function`
- `dotnet run --target HelloFunctions.Function --port 8000`

## Further documentation

For more information, see the files in the [docs](docs) directory.

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