connect-static-transform

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connect-static-transform

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A connect middleware which allows transformation of static files before serving them.

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# connect-static-transform

## Introduction

`connect-static-transform` is a middleware for [Connect](https://github.com/senchalabs/connect) and systems based on Connect such as [Express](https://github.com/visionmedia/express). It allows you to serve static files but gives you an opportunity to transform the content of the files before they are sent to the client (e.g., compiling `.coffee` files or compiling `.styl` files).

## Example Usage

There are a few examples available in `example/app.js`. Consider the following simple example:
```js
// Dependencies
var http = require('http'),
    connect = require('connect'),
    st = require('connect-static-transform');

// Middleware which serves .txt files in all uppercase
var toUpperCase = st({
  root: __dirname,
  match: /.+\.txt/,
  transform: function (path, text, send) {
    send(text.toUpperCase(), {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  }
});

// Create application which uses middleware
var app = connect().use(toUpperCase);

// Create server and listen
http.createServer(app).listen(3000);
```

This shows the basic usage. `st` acts as a factory which creates middleware for use in a Connect-like system. The above example will serve all files in `__dirname` matching `/.+\.txt/` in all uppercase letters.

### Examples Directory

#### Standard Examples

By running `node examples/standardExample.js` you can access `http://localhost:3000/file.txt` which serves `examples/file.txt` in all uppercase or you can access `http://localhost:3000/file.css` which serves `examples/file.styl` compiled into compressed css.

#### Middleware Factory Examples

By running `node examples/factoriesExample.js` you can access `http://localhost:3000/css/file.css` which serves `examples/file.styl` compiled into compressed css or you can access `http://localhost:3000/js/file.js` which serves `examples/file.coffee` compiled into compressed JavaScript. See documentation below for examples on how to use the built-in middleware factories.

## Options

`st` takes a single argument: an object containing all configuration options.

### Required options

`root`

This option specifies which directory the static files should come from.

`match`

This option should be a regular expression which matches the full path of a file as given to the server from the client.

`transform`

This option should be a function which may operate asynchronously. Three arguments are passed to `transform`. The first argument is the path to the file which was opened. The second argument is the data from the file which was opened. The third argument is a callback to which the transformed data should be passed. If the argument to the callback is `false` or otherwise untruthy then the next middleware in the Connect application is invoked. The callback function also accepts a second parameter of headers to use in the response -- it is highly recommended (but not required) that this argument is set (see example usage above).

### Optional options

`normalize`

This option, if presented, will alter the path to the file being opened before it is opened. For example, if the client requested `script.js` and you wanted to open `script.coffee` for compilation then there are two things you can do with `normalize`.

First, you can pass a string which follows regular expression replacement syntax. If `match` were set to `/(.+)\.js`, you set normalize to `'$1.coffee'`. In this case, a request to `script.js` will result in `script.coffee` being opened for transformation. `match` must have capture groups in order for this to work.

Second, you can pass a function which given the path returns the path of the file to open. For example, to accomplish the same as the first example `normalize` could be set as such:
```js
var compileCoffee = st({
  // other options
  normalize: function (path) {
    return path.substring(0, path.length - 2) + 'coffee';
  },
  // other options
});
```

`pathOnly`

If `true` then the signature for the transformation function becomes `function (path, send) { }`, i.e., the file is not opened by `connect-static-transform`.

`cache`

If set to `true` or an otherwise truthy value, the transformed data for each path will be cached in memory. Appropriate cache headers will also be set on the HTTP response.

`maxage`

Used in conjunction with `cache`, this indicates the maximum age in seconds a client should keep the file cached for. This will not expire the local in-memory cache.

`expires`

Optionally you can set the `Expires` response header. Defaults to 1 year.

`encoding`

The encoding of the files which are opened for transformation. Defaults to `'utf-8'`. If set to `'buffer'` then the transformation function will receive a raw data buffer (see [`fs.readFile(...)`](http://nodejs.org/api/fs.html#fs_fs_readfile_filename_encoding_callback)).

## Included Middleware Factories

`connect-static-transform` includes factory functions for common use-cases. Instead of manually creating middleware using the `st` function as above, you can simply use the factories outlined in this section.

### Stylus
To use the Stylus middleware factory you must have [Stylus](https://github.com/LearnBoost/stylus) installed in your project. If you have [nib](https://github.com/visionmedia/nib) installed in your project it will be automatically included so you can use it. From there, you can create a Stylus middleware using `st.stylus(options)`. See the following example:
```js
// If you have a file `foo.styl` in `__dirname` then you can access the compiled css at the url `/css/foo.css`:
app.use(st.stylus({
  root: __dirname, // where to open the styl files from
  path: '/css', // optional, sets where to serve from
  compress: true, // optional
  cache: true, // optional, caches in memory as well as on the client
  maxage: 3600 // optional, sets the maximum number of seconds a client should keep the compiled file (defaults to one year)
}));
```

### LESS

To use the Less middleware factory you must have [LESS](http://lesscss.org/) installed in your project. From there, you can create a LESS middleware using `st.less(options)`. See the following example:
```js
// If you have a file `foo.less` in `__dirname` then you can access the compiled css at the url `/css/foo.css`:
app.use(st.less({
  root: __dirname, // where to open the less files from
  path: '/css', // optional, sets where to serve from
  cache: true, // optional, caches in memory as well as on the client
  maxage: 3600, // optional, sets the maximum number of seconds a client should keep the compiled file (defaults to one year)
  options: { // optional, options object to send directly to the LESS compiler
    compress: true
  }
}));
```

### CoffeeScript

To use the CoffeeScript middleware factory you must have [Snockets](https://github.com/TrevorBurnham/snockets) and [Coffee-Script](https://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script) installed locally. Compilation is handled by Snockets. You can create a CoffeeScript middleware using `st.coffee(options)`. See the following examples:
```coffee
// If you have a file `foo.coffee` in `__dirname` then you can access the compiles javascript at the url `/js/foo.js`:
app.use(st.coffee({
  root: __dirname, // where to open the coffee files from
  path: '/js', // optional, sets where to serve from
  cache: true, // optional, caches in memory as well as on the client
  maxage: 3600, // optional, sets the maximum number of seconds a client should keep the compiled file (defaults to one year)
  // these options are passed to Snockets:
  options: {
    minify: true
  }
}));
```

## License

**The MIT License**

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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