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silence negligible CVE alerts using LLM

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# VexLLM: silence negligible CVE alerts using LLM

VexLLM generates [Vulnerability-Exploitability eXchange (VEX)](https://www.ntia.gov/files/ntia/publications/vex_one-page_summary.pdf) information using LLM,
so as to silence negligible CVE alerts that are produced by [Trivy](https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy).

The following output formats are supported:
- [`.trivyignore`](https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy/v0.47/docs/configuration/filtering/#trivyignore)
- [OpenVEX](https://github.com/openvex)

## Installation
Option 1: As a standalone program:
```bash
go install github.com/AkihiroSuda/vexllm/cmd/vexllm@latest
```

Option 2: As a Trivy [plugin](https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy/latest/docs/plugin/):
```bash
trivy plugin install github.com/AkihiroSuda/vexllm
alias vexllm="trivy vexllm"
```

## Example
```bash
# Set OpenAI API key
export OPENAI_API_KEY=...

# Specify OpenAI model
export OPENAI_MODEL=gpt-4o-mini

# Generate a report using Trivy
trivy image python:3.12.4 --format=json --severity HIGH,CRITICAL >python.json

# Generate .trivyignore using VexLLM
vexllm generate python.json .trivyignore \
  --hint-not-server \
  --hint-compromise-on-availability \
  --hint-used-commands=python3 \
  --hint-unused-commands=git,wget,curl,apt,apt-get

# Print the report, using the generated .trivyignore
trivy convert --format=table python.json
```

The following hints are passed to the LLM:
- The image is not used as a server program
- Confidentiality and Integrity matter more than Availability for this non-server image
- `python3` command is known to be used
- `git`, `wget`, `curl`, `apt`, `apt-get` commands are known to be unused

Output of `.trivyignore`:
```
# {"vulnerability":{"@id":"CVE-2024-32002","description":"Git is a revision cont
rol system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, an
d 2.39.4, repositories with submodules can be crafted in a way that exploits a b
ug in Git whereby it can be fooled into writing files not into the submodule's w
orktree but into a `.git/` directory. This allows writing a hook that will be ex
ecuted while the clone operation is still running, giving the user no opportunit
y to inspect the code that is being executed. The problem has been patched in ve
rsions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4. If symbolic l
ink support is disabled in Git (e.g. via `git config --global core.symlinks fals
e`), the described attack won't work. As always, it is best to avoid cloning rep
ositories from untrusted sources."},"products":[{"@id":"git-man@1:2.39.2-1.1"}],
"status":"not_affected","justification":"vulnerable_code_not_in_execute_path","i
mpact_statement":"{\"confidence\":0.6,\"reason\":\"This RCE vulnerability is spe
cific to recursive clones in Git, which is not a commonly used feature in the co
ntext of a Python container image.\"}"}
CVE-2024-3200

# [...]

# {"vulnerability":{"@id":"CVE-2023-45853","description":"MiniZip in zlib throug
h 1.3 has an integer overflow and resultant heap-based buffer overflow in zipOpe
nNewFileInZip4_64 via a long filename, comment, or extra field. NOTE: MiniZip is
 not a supported part of the zlib product. NOTE: pyminizip through 0.2.6 is also
 vulnerable because it bundles an affected zlib version, and exposes the applica
ble MiniZip code through its compress API."},"products":[{"@id":"zlib1g-dev@1:1.
2.13.dfsg-1"}],"status":"not_affected","justification":"vulnerable_code_not_in_e
xecute_path","impact_statement":"{\"confidence\":0.7,\"reason\":\"The zlib vulne
rability related to MiniZip is not a concern as the artifact does not involve us
ing MiniZip functionality.\"}"}
CVE-2023-45853
```

The `confidence` score and the `reason` string in the `impact_statement` property
are generated by the LLM.
Other properties are duplicated from the original input.

## Configuration
### LLM backends
VexLLM is tested with OpenAI GPT-4o mini and Ollama.

The LLM backend can be specified in the `--llm=(openai|ollama)` flag.

The following env vars are recognized:
- OpenAI
  - `OPENAI_API_KEY` (necessary)
  - `OPENAI_MODEL`, e.g., `gpt-3.5-turbo` (default), `gpt-4o-mini` (recommended)
  - `OPENAI_BASE_URL`
  - `OPENAI_API_BASE`
  - `OPENAI_ORGANIZATION`
- Anthropic
  - `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` (necessary)
- Ollama
  - `OLLAMA_MODEL`, e.g., `qwen3:8b`, `gemma3:4b`
- Google AI
  - `GOOGLE_API_KEY` (necessary)
  - `GOOGLE_MODEL` (necessary), e.g., `gemini-2.0-flash` (recommanded)

VexLLM may also work with Anthropic, Google AI, and others, but these backends are not tested.
See [`pkg/llm/...`](./pkg/llm/).

## Command reference
### `vexllm generate`
```
Generate Vulnerability-Exploitability eXchange (VEX) information using LLM, so as to silence negligible CVE alerts that are produced by Trivy.

Usage:
  vexllm generate INPUT OUTPUT

Examples:
  # Basic usage
  export OPENAI_API_KEY=...
  export OPENAI_MODEL=gpt-4o-mini

trivy image python:3.12.4 --format=json --severity HIGH,CRITICAL >python.json

vexllm generate python.json .trivyignore \
    --hint-not-server \
    --hint-compromise-on-availability \
    --hint-used-commands=python3 \
    --hint-unused-commands=git,wget,curl,apt,apt-get

trivy convert --format=table python.json

Flags:
  -h, --help                              help for generate
      --hint stringArray                  Hint, as an arbitrary text
      --hint-compromise-on-availability   Hint: focus on Confidentiality and Integrity rather than on Availability
      --hint-not-server                   Hint: not a server program
      --hint-unused-commands strings      Hint: list of unused shell commands
      --hint-used-commands strings        Hint: list of used shell commands
      --input-format string               Input format ([auto trivy]) (default "auto")
      --llm string                        LLM backend ([auto openai ollama anthropic googleai]) (default "auto")
      --llm-batch-size int                Number of vulnerabilities to be processed in a single LLM API call (default 10)
      --llm-temperature float             Temperature
      --output-format string              Output format ([auto trivyignore openvex]) (default "auto")

Global Flags:
      --debug   debug mode [$DEBUG]
```

### `vexllm completion bash`
```
Generate the autocompletion script for the bash shell.

This script depends on the 'bash-completion' package.
If it is not installed already, you can install it via your OS's package manager.

To load completions in your current shell session:

source <(vexllm completion bash)

To load completions for every new session, execute once:

#### Linux:

vexllm completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/vexllm

#### macOS:

vexllm completion bash > $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion.d/vexllm

You will need to start a new shell for this setup to take effect.

Usage:
  vexllm completion bash

Flags:
  -h, --help              help for bash
      --no-descriptions   disable completion descriptions

Global Flags:
      --debug   debug mode [$DEBUG]
```

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