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💥 Cython hash tables that assume keys are pre-hashed

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# preshed: Cython Hash Table for Pre-Hashed Keys

Simple but high performance Cython hash table mapping pre-randomized keys to
`void*` values. Inspired by
[Jeff Preshing](http://preshing.com/20130107/this-hash-table-is-faster-than-a-judy-array/).

All Python APIs provded by the `BloomFilter` and `PreshMap` classes are
thread-safe on both the GIL-enabled build and the free-threaded build of Python
3.14 and newer. If you use the C API or the `PreshCounter` class, you must
provide external synchronization if you use the data structures by this library
in a multithreaded environment.

[![tests](https://github.com/explosion/preshed/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/explosion/preshed/actions/workflows/tests.yml)
[![pypi Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/preshed.svg?style=flat-square&logo=pypi&logoColor=white)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/preshed)
[![conda Version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/preshed.svg?style=flat-square&logo=conda-forge&logoColor=white)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/preshed)
[![Python wheels](https://img.shields.io/badge/wheels-%E2%9C%93-4c1.svg?longCache=true&style=flat-square&logo=python&logoColor=white)](https://github.com/explosion/wheelwright/releases)

## Installation

```bash
pip install preshed --only-binary preshed
```

Or with conda:

```bash
conda install -c conda-forge preshed
```

## Usage

### PreshMap

A hash map for pre-hashed keys, mapping `uint64` to `uint64` values.

```python
from preshed.maps import PreshMap

map = PreshMap()                  # create with default size
map = PreshMap(initial_size=1024) # create with initial capacity (must be power of 2)

map[key] = value        # set a value
value = map[key]        # get a value (returns None if missing)
value = map.pop(key)    # remove and return a value
del map[key]            # delete a key
key in map              # membership test
len(map)                # number of entries

for key in map:                    # iterate over keys
    pass
for key, value in map.items():     # iterate over key-value pairs
    pass
for value in map.values():         # iterate over values
    pass
```

### BloomFilter

A probabilistic set for fast membership testing of integer keys.

```python
from preshed.bloom import BloomFilter

bloom = BloomFilter(size=1024, hash_funcs=23)  # explicit parameters
bloom = BloomFilter.from_error_rate(10000, error_rate=1e-4)  # auto-sized

bloom.add(42)          # add a key
42 in bloom            # membership test (may have false positives)

data = bloom.to_bytes()            # serialize
bloom.from_bytes(data)             # deserialize in-place
```

### PreshCounter

A counter backed by a hash map, for counting occurrences of `uint64` keys.

```python
from preshed.counter import PreshCounter

counter = PreshCounter()

counter.inc(key, 1)       # increment key by 1
count = counter[key]      # get current count
len(counter)              # number of buckets

for key, count in counter: # iterate over entries
    pass

counter.smooth()           # apply Good-Turing smoothing
prob = counter.prob(key)   # get smoothed probability
```

### Cython API

All classes expose a C-level API via `.pxd` files for use in Cython
extensions. The low-level `MapStruct` and `BloomStruct` functions operate
on raw structs and can be called without the GIL:

```cython
from preshed.maps cimport PreshMap, map_get, map_set, map_iter, key_t
from preshed.bloom cimport BloomFilter, bloom_add, bloom_contains

cdef PreshMap table = PreshMap()

# Low-level nogil access (requires external synchronization)
cdef void* value
with nogil:
    value = map_get(table.c_map, some_key)
```

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