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distributed-cache

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A high-performance, distributed in-memory cache library for Go that synchronizes local LFU/LRU caches across multiple service instances using Redis as a backing store and pub/sub for set/invalidation events.

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# Distributed Cache Library

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A high-performance, distributed in-memory cache library for Go that synchronizes local LFU/LRU caches across multiple service instances using Redis as a backing store and pub/sub for set/invalidation events.

**Version**: v1.0.4

## Features

- **Two-Level Caching**: Fast local in-process LFU(Ristretto)/LRU(golang-lru) with Redis backing store (built-in) or custom your own implementation
- **Automatic Synchronization**: Redis Pub/Sub for cache set/invalidation across distributed services
- **High Performance**: LFU/LRU provides excellent hit ratios and throughput
- **Kubernetes Ready**: Designed for containerized environments with pod-aware invalidation
- **Simple API**: Easy-to-use interface for Get, Set, Delete, and Clear operations
- **Metrics**: Built-in statistics collection for monitoring cache performance
- **Flexible Configuration**: Environment variable support for easy deployment

## Architecture

The distributed-cache library uses a two-level caching architecture with local in-process caches synchronized via Redis pub/sub.

### 1. Set with Value Propagation

When a pod sets a value, it's stored locally and in Redis, then propagated to all other pods so they can update their local caches immediately without fetching from Redis.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant AppA as Application (Pod A)
    participant CacheA as SyncedCache (Pod A)
    participant LocalA as Local Cache (Pod A)
    participant Redis as Redis Store
    participant PubSub as Redis Pub/Sub
    participant CacheB as SyncedCache (Pod B)
    participant LocalB as Local Cache (Pod B)

AppA->>CacheA: Set(key, value)
    CacheA->>LocalA: Set(key, value)
    CacheA->>CacheA: Marshal(value) → data
    CacheA->>Redis: SET key data
    Redis-->>CacheA: OK
    CacheA->>PubSub: PUBLISH {action:set, key, data}
    CacheA-->>AppA: Success
    PubSub->>CacheB: {action:set, key, data}
    CacheB->>CacheB: Unmarshal(data) → value
    CacheB->>LocalB: Set(key, value)
    Note over LocalB: Ready to serve immediately
```

### 2. Set with Invalidation Only

For large values or lazy loading scenarios, use `SetWithInvalidate()` - other pods only receive an invalidation event and will fetch from Redis when needed.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant AppA as Application (Pod A)
    participant CacheA as SyncedCache (Pod A)
    participant LocalA as Local Cache (Pod A)
    participant Redis as Redis Store
    participant PubSub as Redis Pub/Sub
    participant CacheB as SyncedCache (Pod B)
    participant LocalB as Local Cache (Pod B)

AppA->>CacheA: SetWithInvalidate(key, value)
    CacheA->>LocalA: Set(key, value)
    CacheA->>CacheA: Marshal(value) → data
    CacheA->>Redis: SET key data
    Redis-->>CacheA: OK
    CacheA->>PubSub: PUBLISH {action:invalidate, key}
    CacheA-->>AppA: Success
    PubSub->>CacheB: {action:invalidate, key}
    CacheB->>LocalB: Delete(key)
    Note over LocalB: Will fetch from Redis on next Get
```

### 3. Get - Local Cache Hit

The fastest path: value is found in the local in-process cache (~100ns).

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant App as Application
    participant Cache as SyncedCache
    participant Local as Local Cache

App->>Cache: Get(key)
    Cache->>Local: Get(key)
    Local-->>Cache: value ✓
    Cache-->>App: value, true
    Note over App: ~100ns response time
```

### 4. Get - Remote Cache Hit

Value not in local cache but found in Redis. Fetched and stored locally for future requests.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant App as Application
    participant Cache as SyncedCache
    participant Local as Local Cache
    participant Redis as Redis Store

App->>Cache: Get(key)
    Cache->>Local: Get(key)
    Local-->>Cache: nil (miss)
    Cache->>Redis: GET key
    Redis-->>Cache: data ✓
    Cache->>Cache: Unmarshal(data) → value
    Cache->>Local: Set(key, value)
    Cache-->>App: value, true
    Note over App: ~1-5ms response time
```

### 5. Get - Cache Miss

Value not found in either local cache or Redis.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant App as Application
    participant Cache as SyncedCache
    participant Local as Local Cache
    participant Redis as Redis Store

App->>Cache: Get(key)
    Cache->>Local: Get(key)
    Local-->>Cache: nil (miss)
    Cache->>Redis: GET key
    Redis-->>Cache: nil (miss)
    Cache-->>App: nil, false
    Note over App: Application handles cache miss<br/>(e.g., fetch from DB and Set)
```

### 6. Delete Operation

Removes value from local cache and Redis, then broadcasts deletion to all pods.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant AppA as Application (Pod A)
    participant CacheA as SyncedCache (Pod A)
    participant LocalA as Local Cache (Pod A)
    participant Redis as Redis Store
    participant PubSub as Redis Pub/Sub
    participant CacheB as SyncedCache (Pod B)
    participant LocalB as Local Cache (Pod B)

AppA->>CacheA: Delete(key)
    CacheA->>LocalA: Delete(key)
    CacheA->>Redis: DEL key
    Redis-->>CacheA: OK
    CacheA->>PubSub: PUBLISH {action:delete, key}
    CacheA-->>AppA: Success
    PubSub->>CacheB: {action:delete, key}
    CacheB->>LocalB: Delete(key)
    Note over LocalB: Cache invalidated
```

### 7. Clear Operation

Clears all values from local cache and Redis, then broadcasts clear event to all pods.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant AppA as Application (Pod A)
    participant CacheA as SyncedCache (Pod A)
    participant LocalA as Local Cache (Pod A)
    participant Redis as Redis Store
    participant PubSub as Redis Pub/Sub
    participant CacheB as SyncedCache (Pod B)
    participant LocalB as Local Cache (Pod B)

AppA->>CacheA: Clear()
    CacheA->>LocalA: Clear()
    CacheA->>Redis: FLUSHDB
    Redis-->>CacheA: OK
    CacheA->>PubSub: PUBLISH {action:clear}
    CacheA-->>AppA: Success
    PubSub->>CacheB: {action:clear}
    CacheB->>LocalB: Clear()
    Note over LocalB: All caches cleared
```

### Key Components

- **SyncedCache**: Main API providing Get, Set, Delete, Clear operations
- **Local Cache**: In-process cache build-in(LFU via Ristretto or LRU via golang-lru) or custom implementation
- **Redis Store**: Persistent backing store for cache data
- **Redis Pub/Sub**: Synchronization channel for cache invalidation and value propagation
- **Marshaller**: Pluggable serialization (JSON, MessagePack, Protobuf, etc.)
- **Logger**: Pluggable logging interface (Console, Zap, Slog, etc.)

### Data Flow

1. **Set Operation**: Value stored in local cache → Redis → Pub/sub event sent to other service instances (pods)
2. **Get Operation (Local Hit)**: Value retrieved from local cache (~100ns)
3. **Get Operation (Remote Hit)**: Value fetched from Redis → Stored in local cache (~1-5ms)
4. **Synchronization**: Other service instances (pods) receive pub/sub event → Update/invalidate local cache

## Installation

```bash
go get github.com/huykn/distributed-cache
```

## Quick Start

```go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"time"

"github.com/huykn/distributed-cache/cache"
)

func main() {
	// Create cache with default options
	opts := cache.DefaultOptions()
	opts.PodID = "pod-1"
	opts.RedisAddr = "localhost:6379"

c, err := cache.New(opts)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	defer c.Close()

ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

// Set a value
	if err := c.Set(ctx, "user:123", map[string]string{
		"name": "John Doe",
		"email": "john@example.com",
	}); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

// Get a value
	value, found := c.Get(ctx, "user:123")
	if found {
		log.Printf("Found: %v", value)
	}

// Delete a value
	if err := c.Delete(ctx, "user:123"); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

// Get cache statistics
	stats := c.Stats()
	log.Printf("Stats: %+v", stats)
}
```

## Configuration

### Programmatic Configuration

```go
opts := cache.Options{
	PodID:                   "pod-1",
	RedisAddr:               "redis.default.svc.cluster.local:6379",
	RedisPassword:           "secret",
	RedisDB:                 0,
	InvalidationChannel:     "cache:invalidate",
	SerializationFormat:     "json",
	ContextTimeout:          5 * time.Second,
	EnableMetrics:           true,
	LocalCacheConfig: cache.LocalCacheConfig{
		NumCounters:        1e7,
		MaxCost:            1 << 30,
		BufferItems:        64,
		IgnoreInternalCost: false,
	},
}

c, err := cache.New(opts)
```

## API Reference

### Cache Interface

```go
type Cache interface {
	Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (any, bool)
	Set(ctx context.Context, key string, value any) error
	Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error
	Clear(ctx context.Context) error
	Close() error
	Stats() Stats
}
```

## Performance Characteristics

- **Local Cache Hit**: ~100ns (in-process)
- **Remote Cache Hit**: ~1-5ms (Redis round-trip)
- **Cache Miss**: ~1-5ms (Redis lookup)
- **Set Operation**: ~1-5ms (Redis + Pub/Sub)

## Examples

The library includes comprehensive examples demonstrating various features and use cases:

### Getting Started

- **[Basic Example](examples/basic/)** - Core functionality, multi-pod synchronization, and value propagation
- **[Debug Mode](examples/debug-mode/)** - Detailed logging and troubleshooting techniques

### Cache Strategies

- **[LFU Cache](examples/lfu/)** - Least Frequently Used cache (default) for varying access patterns
- **[LRU Cache](examples/lru/)** - Least Recently Used cache for sequential access patterns
- **[LFU vs LRU Comparison](examples/comparison/)** - Side-by-side comparison to help choose the right strategy

### Customization

- **[Custom Logger](examples/custom-logger/)** - Integrate with Zap, Slog, Logrus, or custom logging systems
- **[Custom Marshaller](examples/custom-marshaller/)** - Use MessagePack, Protobuf, compression, or encryption
- **[Custom Local Cache](examples/custom-local-cache/)** - Implement custom eviction strategies and storage
- **[Custom Configuration](examples/custom-config/)** - Advanced tuning for production environments
- **[Kubernetes](examples/kubernetes/)** - Multi-pod scenario deployment

### Production Deployment

- **[Heavy-Read API](examples/heavy-read-api/)** - High-performance demo with 1M+ req/s, APISIX gateway, Prometheus/Grafana monitoring

Each example includes:
- Detailed README with explanation
- Runnable code demonstrating the feature
- Expected output and behavior
- Configuration options and best practices
- Troubleshooting tips

**Quick Start**: Begin with the [Basic Example](examples/basic/) to understand core concepts, then explore other examples based on your needs.

## Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please see CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.

## License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.

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