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rails_api_logger

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An Inbound and Outbound requests logger for your Rails application

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# Rails API Logger

The simplest way to log API requests in your database.

The Rails API logger gem introduces a set of tools to log and debug API requests.

It works on two sides:

* **Inbound requests**: API exposed by your application
* **Outbound requests**: API invoked by your application

This gem has been extracted from various [Renuo](https://www.renuo.ch) projects.

This gem creates two database tables to log the following information:

* **path** the path/url invoked
* **method** the method used to invoke the API (get, post, put, etc...)
* **request_body** what was included in the request body
* **response_body** what was included in the response body
* **response_code** the HTTP response code of the request
* **started_at** when the request started
* **ended_at** when the request finished

## Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

```ruby
gem 'rails_api_logger'
```

And then execute:

```bash
bundle install
bin/rails g rails_api_logger:install
bin/rails db:migrate
```

This will generate two tables `inbound_request_logs` and `outbound_request_logs`.
These tables will contain the logs.

## Ensure logging of data

RailsApiLogger can use a separate database, to ensure that the logs are written in the database even if a
surrounding database transaction is rolled back.

Make sure to add the following in your `config/environments/production.rb`:

```ruby
config.rails_api_logger.connects_to = { database: { writing: :api_logger } }
```

and [configure a new database](spec/dummy/config/database.yml) accordingly.

> ⚠️ If you skip this step, rails_api_logger will use your primary database but a rollback will also rollback the
> writing of logs.
> 
> If you are not on SQLite you can simply point `api_logger` to the same database! By doing so you can use a single
> database but still guarantee the writing of logs in an isolated transaction:
> ```
> config.rails_api_logger.connects_to = { database: { writing: :primary } }
> ```
> This is probably what you want if you are using a single Postgres database.

## Log Outbound Requests

Given an outbound request in the following format:

```ruby
uri = URI('http://example.com/some_path?query=string')
http = Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port)
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
response = http.request(request)
```

you can log it by doing the following:

```ruby
uri = URI('http://example.com/some_path?query=string')
http = Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port)
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)

log = RailsApiLogger::OutboundRequestLog.from_request(request)

response = http.request(request)

log.response_body = response.body
log.response_code = response.code
log.save!
```

You can also use the provided logger class to do that in a simpler and safer manner:

```ruby
uri = URI('https://example.com/some_path')
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
request.body = { answer: 42 }.to_json
request.content_type = 'application/json'

response = RailsApiLogger::Logger.new.call(nil, request) do
  Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port, use_ssl: true) { |http| http.request(request) }
end
```

This will guarantee that the log is always persisted, even in case of errors.

### Database Transactions Caveats

If you log your outbound requests inside of parent app transactions, your logs will not be persisted if
the transaction is rolled-back. Use a separate database to prevent this.

## Log Inbound Requests

If you are exposing some API you might be interested in logging the requests you receive.
You can do so by adding this middleware in `config/application.rb`

```ruby
config.middleware.insert_before Rails::Rack::Logger, RailsApiLogger::Middleware
```

this will by default only log requests that have an impact in your system (POST, PUT, and PATCH calls).
If you want to log all requests (also GET ones) use

```ruby
config.middleware.insert_before Rails::Rack::Logger, RailsApiLogger::Middleware, only_state_change: false
```

If you want to log only requests on a certain path, you can pass a regular expression:

```ruby
config.middleware.insert_before Rails::Rack::Logger, RailsApiLogger::Middleware, path_regexp: %r{^/api}
```

If you want to log only requests on a certain host, you can also use a regular expression:

```ruby
config.middleware.insert_before Rails::Rack::Logger, RailsApiLogger::Middleware, host_regexp: /api.example.com/
```

If you want to skip logging the response or request body of certain requests, you can pass a regular expression:

```ruby
config.middleware.insert_before Rails::Rack::Logger, RailsApiLogger::Middleware,
                                skip_request_body_regexp: /api\/books/,
                                skip_response_body_regexp: /api\/letters/
```

In the implementation of your API, you can call any time `attach_inbound_request_loggable(model)`
to attach an already persisted model to the log record.

For example:

```ruby

def create
  @user = User.new(user_params)
  if @user.save
    attach_inbound_request_loggable(@user)
    render json: { id: @user.id }, status: :created
  else
    render json: @user.errors.details, status: :unprocessable_entity
  end
end
```

in the User model you can define:

```ruby
has_many_inbound_request_logs
```

to be able to access the inbound logs attached to the model.

You also have `has_many_outbound_request_logs` and `has_many_request_logs` that includes both.

### Client reference

Both `inbound_request_logs` and `outbound_request_logs` have a `client_reference` column: a free-form indexed
string you can set on a log entry to correlate it with any external identifier (e.g. a request id coming from an
upstream system, an idempotency key, a tenant slug). It is independent from the `loggable` polymorphic association.

For inbound requests, attach it from your controller:

```ruby
def create
  attach_inbound_request_client_reference(request.headers["X-Request-Id"])
  # ...
end
```

For outbound requests, pass it when instantiating the logger:

```ruby
RailsApiLogger::Logger.new(client_reference: "ref-abc").call(uri, request) do
  http.request(request)
end
```

## RailsAdmin integration

We provide here some code samples to integrate the models in [RailsAdmin](https://github.com/sferik/rails_admin).

This configuration will give you some nice views, and searches to work with the logs efficiently.

```ruby
%w[RailsApiLogger::InboundRequestLog RailsApiLogger::OutboundRequestLog].each do |logging_model|
  config.model logging_model do
    list do
      filters %i[method path response_code request_body response_body created_at]
      scopes [nil, :failed]

include_fields :method, :path, :response_code, :created_at

field :request_body, :string do
        visible false
        searchable true
        filterable true
      end

field :response_body, :string do
        visible false
        searchable true
        filterable true
      end
    end

show do
      include_fields :loggable, :method, :path, :response_code
      field(:created_at)
      field(:query_params) do
        formatted_value do
          params = bindings[:object].path.split("?").second
          if params.present?
            params = CGI.parse(params)
            bindings[:view].tag.pre JSON.pretty_generate(params)
          end
        end
      end
      field(:request_body) do
        formatted_value { bindings[:view].tag.pre JSON.pretty_generate(bindings[:object].request_body) }
      end
      field(:response_body) do
        formatted_value { bindings[:view].tag.pre JSON.pretty_generate(bindings[:object].response_body) }
      end
    end
  end
end
```

## Development

We use Appraisals to un on different Rails versions. This is a run example:

```bash
export SAME_TARGET=false 
export SAME_DB=false 
export TARGET_DB=postgres 
export BUNDLE_GEMFILE=/Users/alessandrorodi/RenuoWorkspace/rails_api_logger/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile 
bundle exec rails db:create db:migrate
bundle exec rspec
```

These are the possible ENV variables:

* `SAME_TARGET` if true, the api_logger database is the same as the primary one. It will still use two separate
  connection pools, but they'll point to the same database. This cannot be set to true if TARGET_DB is sqlite because
  sqlite does not support multiple connection pools to the same database.
* `SAME_DB` if true, the api_logger uses the primary database. In this case SAME_TARGET is ignored.
* `TARGET_DB` the database to use. Can be `postgres`, `mysql`, or `sqlite`.
* `BUNDLE_GEMFILE` the gemfile to use. This is used to run the tests on different Rails versions.

Possible combinations:

| SAME_DB | SAME_TARGET | TARGET_DB | Description                                                          |
|---------|-------------|-----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| false   | false       | postgres  | Separate database, separate connection pool.                         |
| false   | true        | postgres  | Same database, separate connection pool.                             |
| true    | -           | postgres  | Same connection pool so the separate target is ignored.              |
| false   | false       | sqlite    | Separate database, separate connection pool.                         |
| false   | true        | sqlite    | Not allowed. sqlite cannot have two connection pools to the same db. |
| true    | -           | sqlite    | Same connection pool so the separate target is ignored.              |

To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the
version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version,
push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).

### Start dummy app

You can spin up the dummy rails app with the following command:

```bash
TARGET_DB=sqlite BUNDLE_GEMFILE=gemfiles/rails_8.0.gemfile bin/rails server
```

and invoke the API endpoints. Here are some examples:

```bash
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/books -d '{"book": {"name": "John Doe"}}' -H "Content-Type: application/json"
```

## Contributing

Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/renuo/rails_api_logger.
This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration.

Try to be a decent human being while interacting with other people.

## License

The gem is available as open source under the terms of the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).

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