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Demo repository for my Concourse Presentation

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Concourse Demo
==============

This repository contains some tutorials for my [Concourse Presentation](https://github.com/michaellihs/presentation-concourse-devopska-2019-06-26) for the DevOps Meetup in Karlsruhe, June 26th 2019.

Prerequisites
-------------

* Docker Engine
* Docker Compose

[TOC]: # "## Table of Contents"

## Table of Contents
- [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
- [Disclaimer](#disclaimer)
- [Spin up local Concourse and Vault with Docker Compose](#spin-up-local-concourse-and-vault-with-docker-compose)
    - [Spin up local Vault with Docker Compose](#spin-up-local-vault-with-docker-compose)
- [Tutorial 1 - Download `fly` cli and login to Concourse](#tutorial-1---download-fly-cli-and-login-to-concourse)
- [Tutorial 2 - Upload your first Pipeline](#tutorial-2---upload-your-first-pipeline)
- [Tutorial 3 - Create a Pipeline with an Input](#tutorial-3---create-a-pipeline-with-an-input)
    - [Bonus Round: Run Tasks directly](#bonus-round-run-tasks-directly)
- [Tutorial 4 - Parametrized Tasks](#tutorial-4---parametrized-tasks)
- [Tutorial 5 - Use Variables and Settings](#tutorial-5---use-variables-and-settings)
- [Tutorial 6 - Use Credentials from Vault](#tutorial-6---use-credentials-from-vault)
- [Tutorial 7 - Building a Docker Image](#tutorial-7---building-a-docker-image)
- [Tutorial 8 - Use Meta Pipeline](#tutorial-8---use-meta-pipeline)

Disclaimer
----------

> This repository contains keys and certificates for Concourse and HashiCorp Vault. This is due to convenience reasons to enable a fast setup for demo purposes. You should never bring this into production, since certificates and keys are supposed to be secret.
>
> Also the unsealing process for Vault is a convenience hack and nothing that should make it into production!

Spin up local Concourse and Vault with Docker Compose
-----------------------------------------------------

```bash
docker-compose up -d
```

Afterwards open [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080) and login with user `test` and password `test`.

> **Caution** do not use this setup in production, since we are using non-secret ssh keys which are checked-in to this repository.

Tutorial 1 - Download `fly` cli and login to Concourse
------------------------------------------------------

Download `fly` CLI with

```bash
export concourse_fqdn=localhost
curl --noproxy ${concourse_fqdn} -s -f -o /usr/local/bin/fly "http://${concourse_fqdn}:8080/api/v1/cli?arch=amd64&platform=darwin"
chmod u+x /usr/local/bin/fly
```

Login to Concourse via

```bash
fly --target=demo login \
    --concourse-url="http://${concourse_fqdn}:8080" \
    --username=test \
    --password=test \
    --team-name=main
```

this will generate a fly target `demo` that you have to reference in your further fly operations, e.g.

```bash
fly -t demo pipelines
```

> Normally `/usr/local/bin` would be a good place to download the fly cli locally. Since we are working with multiple Concourse versions in parallel, we put the corresponding fly binary into the root of the project folder and reference this one from within all our scripts in the project. An alternative would be the usage of the [`fly sync`](https://concourse-ci.org/fly.html#fly-sync) command.

Tutorial 2 - Upload your first Pipeline
---------------------------------------

Our first pipeline contains only a single job with a single task that outputs "Hello World":

---
    jobs:
      - name: hello-world
        plan:
          - task: hello-world
            config:
              platform: linux
              image_resource:
                type: docker-image
                source: {repository: busybox}
              run:
                path: echo
                args:
                  - hello world

we use `fly`'s `set-pipeline` command to upload the pipeline to Concourse:

```bash
cd tutorial-2
fly --target=demo set-pipeline \
    --non-interactive \
    --pipeline=tutorial-2 \
    --config=pipeline.yml
```

afterwards we *unpause* the pipeline via

```bash
fly --target=demo unpause-pipeline -p tutorial-2
```

Now go to the Concourse UI in your browser again and after login, you will see a first pipeline. You can directly access it via [http://localhost:8080/teams/main/pipelines/tutorial-2](http://localhost:8080/teams/main/pipelines/tutorial-2)

Tutorial 3 - Create a Pipeline with an Input
--------------------------------------------

We will know create a pipeline that uses the content of a git repository as an input for a task. For simplicity, we will use this repository and run a simple shell script within it.

Here's our pipeline:

```yaml
---
resources:
  - name: demo-repo
    type: git
    source:
      uri: https://github.com/michaellihs/concourse-demo.git
      branch: master

jobs:
  - name: hello-world
    plan:
      - get: demo-repo
      - task: hello-world
        image: busy-box
        file: demo-repo/tutorial-3/hello-world.yml
 
```

here is our `task` file:

```yaml
---
platform: linux

image_resource:
  type: docker-image
  source: {repository: busybox}

inputs:
  - name: demo-repo

run:
  path: demo-repo/tutorial-3/hello-world.sh
```

We use the very same commands as in tutorial-2 to set up our pipeline.

### Bonus Round: Run Tasks directly

Sometimes, when you debug your pipeline, you want to run only single tasks until they do what you want them to do. Therefore it can be helpful run the task "stand-alone", i.e. without making many debug-commits. The following `fly` command can help you here (requires previous login to Concourse):

```bash
cd tutorial-3
fly -t demo e -c hello-world.yml -i demo-repo=../
```

Tutorial 4 - Parametrized Tasks
-------------------------------

Parameters in Concourse pipelines are "injected" into your task scripts as environment variables.

Here is a parametrized pipeline version of our previous tutorial (mind the `params` section in the `task` config):

```yaml
---
resources:
  - name: demo-repo
    type: git
    source:
      uri: https://github.com/michaellihs/concourse-demo.git
      branch: master
  - name: busy-box
    type: docker-image
    source: {repository: busybox}

jobs:
  - name: hello-world
    plan:
      - get: demo-repo
      - get: busy-box
      - task: hello-world
        image: busy-box
        file: demo-repo/tutorial-4/hello-params.yml
        params:
          GREETING: "hello parameters"
```

here's the task yaml:

```yaml
---
platform: linux

inputs:
  - name: demo-repo

params:
  GREETING:

run:
  path: demo-repo/tutorial-4/hello-params.sh
```

Within your shell script, you can access the `GREETING` parameter as an env var:

```bash
#!/bin/sh

echo "${GREETING}"
```

We use the very same commands like in the previous tutorials to setup the pipeline.

> You might not immediately see the benefit of externalizing tasks - but as one side effect, this allows you to re-use tasks across multiple pipeline and finally create libraries for your pipeline tasks.

Tutorial 5 - Use Variables and Settings
---------------------------------------

In comparison to parameters shown in the previous tutorial, variables are placeholders in your pipeline yaml files, that are filled when you upload your pipeline to concourse via `fly`. Apply a variable by using the `((VARIABLE_NAME))` syntax:

```yaml
---
resources:
  - name: demo-repo
    type: git
    source:
      uri: https://github.com/michaellihs/concourse-demo.git
      branch: master
  - name: busy-box
    type: docker-image
    source: {repository: busybox}

jobs:
  - name: hello-settings
    plan:
      - get: demo-repo
      - get: busy-box
      - task: hello-parameters
        image: busy-box
        file: demo-repo/tutorial-5/hello-settings.yml
        params:
          GREETING: ((greeting))
```

You now have 2 choices to fill this placeholder:

1. by using `fly`'s ` --var=[NAME=STRING]` option
2. by creating another yaml file with key value pairs and reference it via `fly`'s `--load-vars-from=` option

we go with the second option and create a file `settings.yml` with the following content

```yaml
greeting: "hello settings"
```

we now use the modified `fly` command to upload the pipeline:

```bash
fly --target=demo set-pipeline \
    --non-interactive \
    --pipeline=tutorial-5 \
    --load-vars-from=settings.yml \
    --config=pipeline.yml
```

> You can use the `--load-vars-from=` option multiple times and use it to build a chain of overrides for you placeholders, e.g. to create Ansible-style settings override for more complex environments where you merge instance-specific settings over stage-specific settings over global settings...

Tutorial 6 - Use Credentials from Vault
---------------------------------------

In this tutorial we gonna spin up a local Vault instance and make Concourse read credentials from Vault. Remember that the path in which Concourse searches for credentials like `((foo_param))` in Vault looks like

```
/concourse/TEAM_NAME/PIPELINE_NAME/foo_param
/concourse/TEAM_NAME/foo_param
```

Concourse will default for the field `value`, when you use a different field in Vault, e.g. `foo`, you can specify the field to grab via `.` syntax, e.g. `((param.foo))`.

Our `jobs`-section sample pipeline looks like

```yaml
jobs:
  - name: hello-parameters
    plan:
      - get: demo-repo
      - get: busy-box
      - task: hello-parameters
        image: busy-box
        file: demo-repo/tutorial-6/hello-vault.yml
        params:
          GREETING: "((vault-param-1.val))"
          ANOTHER_GREETING: "((vault-param-2.value))"
```

To run the tutorial:

1. Use the provided `docker-compose.yml` to spin up a containerized Vault and Concourse connected to it

```bash
    docker-compose up -d
    cd tutorial-6
    ./setup-vault.sh
    ./write-values-to-vault.sh
    ./setup-pipeline.sh
    ```

2. Initialize & unseal Vault via (within `tutorial-6`)

```bash
    ./setup-vault.sh
    ```

3. Write some sample values to Vault (within `tutorial-6`)

```bash
    ./write-values-to-vault.sh
    ```

4. Setup the pipeline (within `tutorial-6`)

```bash
    ./setup-pipeline.sh
    ```

Tutorial 7 - Building a Docker Image
------------------------------------

In this tutorial, we show the simplest pipeline to build a Docker image with Concourse. We build a Docker image for the [RocketChat Notification Resource](https://github.com/michaellihs/rocketchat-notification-resource). The source code is pulled from GitHub and the built Docker image is pushed to Dockerhub.

Here's the pipeline:

```yaml
---
resources:
  - name: resource-git
    type: git
    source:
      uri: https://github.com/michaellihs/rocketchat-notification-resource.git
      branch: master
  - name: resource-image
    type: docker-image
    source:
      repository: ((docker_repo))/rocket-notify-resource
      username: ((docker_user))
      password: ((docker_password))

jobs:
  - name: build-rocket-notify-resource
    plan:
      - get: resource-git
        trigger: true
      - put: resource-image
        params:
          build: resource-git
```

To setup the pipeline, run

```bash
export DOCKER_PASSWORD='s3cr3t'

cd tutorial-7
./setup-pipeline.sh
```

Tutorial 8 - Use Meta Pipeline
------------------------------

As the *Meta Pipeline* we denote a pipeline that sets up other pipelines in Concourse. In this case, the meta pipeline in tutorial 8 creates all the pipelines within this demo repository besides the pipeline for tutorial 8 itself.

To set up the pipeline, run

```bash
cd tutorial-8
./setup-pipeline.sh
```

To make sure that the pipeline really worked, delete all pipelines (but the meta pipeline) via

```bash
for i in $(seq 2 7); do
    fly -t demo destroy-pipeline -p tutorial-${i}
done
```

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