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Foundational components for React Native UI

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# primitives

> Foundational components for React Native UI

[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@backpacker/primitives)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@backpacker/primitives)
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[![code style: prettier](https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-prettier-ff69b4.svg)](https://github.com/prettier/prettier)

1. [Install](#Install)
1. [Usage](#usage)
1. [What are primitives](#what-are-primitives)
1. [How to adopt in your project](#how-to-adopt-in-your-project)
1. [API](#api)
   - [Layout](#layout)
   - [Text](#text)
   - [Spacer](#spacer)
   - [Touchable](#touchable)
   - [Expandable](#expandable)
   - [Modal](#modal)
   - [useTheme](#usetheme)
1. [Custom themes](#custom-themes)

## Install

```sh
yarn add @backpacker/primitives
# or
npm install --save @backpacker/primitives
```

## Usage

```js
/*
  Wrap your App's entry point with the `ConfigProvider` component
*/
import { ConfigProvider } from '@backpacker/primitives';

function Root() {
  return (
    <ConfigProvider>
      <App />
    </ConfigProvider>
  );
}
```

```js
/*
  Then use primitives anywhere you want
*/
import {
  Column,
  Text,
  Spacer,
  Touchable,
  useTheme
} from '@backpacker/primitives';

function MyComponent(props) {
  const { theme, setTheme } = useTheme();

const toggleTheme = () => setTheme(theme.isDark ? 'default' : 'dark');

return (
    <Column flex={1} backgroundColor={theme.colors.background} center>
      <Touchable
        onPress={toggleTheme}
        padding={20}
        backgroundColor={theme.colors.brand}>
        <Text variant='body'>Switch theme</Text>
      </Touchable>

<Text variant='caption1'>Sample text</Text>
    </Column>
  );
}
```

## What are primitives

A `primitive` is the most basic UI component in the system (an `atom` from [Atomic Design](http://atomicdesign.bradfrost.com/chapter-2/#atoms)) that ensures a consistent foundation for all UI layers.

In fact, all the other UI layers - `components` and `screens` are built _with_ `primitives`.

To change a primitive's appearance (or behavior), you can pass `props` - both style and behavioral `props`. Going with this approach, the style and the "markup" of the UI are merged together. I know that this might not be everyone's cup of tea, but I found that it helps having all the information about that UI in one place: what components are used, how they look, how they behave. It also helps with brevity (you no longer need Stylesheets) and removes style duplication. As you'll see in the following example, I only have to write a style once.

This approach opens a new way of having _built-in_ styles. If I want, I can now merge `justifyContent: center` and `alignItems: center` into a single `prop`, like this:

```js
<Column center />
```

This enables writing styles very DRY, since now this `center` _modifier_ will be available for all my layout `primitives`. I only have to write it once. All `primitives` come with a couple of built-in modifiers, a list that can obviously be extended.

## How to adopt in your project

Even if you don't use this package, you can still use the principles to build a custom set of `primitives` for your project and use this way of thinking about your UI.

The benefits are:

- UI consistency
- development speed (`primitive` reuse is much easier than `component` reuse)
- write-it-once approach (never have to duplicate styles - they will be built in the `primitives` themselves most of the time)

From my experience, a good practice is to create a new directory called `primitives` and start building the project's own primitives there. Some of them might be imported directly from this library, others might not.

```
├── src
│   ├── screens
│   ├── components
│   ├── primitives
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   ├── layout
│   │   ├── text
│   │   ├── spacer
│   │   └── ...
```

The important part is to keep a clear separation between `primitives`, `components` and `screens`. This is a discipline that helps on the long run. You might end up with `components` inside your `primitives` directory. That's fine, but as soon as you realize that, your job is to move them out of the directory and set them where they belong.

## API

### Layout

```js
import { Column, Row, Float } from '@backpacker/primitives';

<Column>
  <Row center></Row>
  <Float></Float>
</Column>;
```

`Float` has `position: 'absolute'` and `zIndex: 1`. The others are self-explanatory.

| prop     | type | description                                      |
| -------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| `center` | bool | `justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center'` |
| ∞        | -    | Any other `View` style props                     |

### Text

```js
import { Text } from '@backpacker/primitives';

<Text variant='title1' uppercase semibold>
  Sample Text
</Text>;
```

To configure the `Text` `primitive`, you need to change the following keys in the config file:

- `fontFamily` - `string`, default `undefined` (default for each Platform).
- `textVariants` - `object`, default config [here](./src/config).

You can have any number of `textVariants`, statically defined in the config. By default, the library implements the default typography styles from [Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/ios/visual-design/typography/).

| prop        | type   | description                                                                                                                |
| ----------- | ------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `variant`   | string | Any key defined in [config](./src/config.js) > `textVariants`                                                              |
| `uppercase` | bool   | `textTransform: 'uppercase'`                                                                                               |
| `underline` | bool   | `textDecorationLine: 'underline'`                                                                                          |
| `strikeout` | bool   | `textDecorationLine: 'line-through'`                                                                                       |
| `center`    | bool   | `textAlign: 'center'`                                                                                                      |
| `semibold`  | bool   | `fontWeight: weights.semibold`; Same for all the other font weights. All of them can be found in [config](./src/config.js) |
| `testID`    | string | Test ID                                                                                                                    |
| ∞           | -      | Any other `Text` style props                                                                                               |

### Spacer

```js
import { Spacer } from '@backpacker/primitives';

<Spacer size={2} />;
```

The `Spacer` is just a `View` with equal `height` and `width` by default.

The `height` and the `width` values are computed using the `size` prop and the `spacerUnit` value which is provided through the [config](./src/config.js), via a theme. Formula is `size * spacerUnit`.

A good UI can be expressed with a controlled set of "spacer" values - this gives consistency.

| prop         | type   | description                                                                     |
| ------------ | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `size`       | number | Default value is `defaultSpacerSize`, provided in the [config](./src/config.js) |
| `fullWidth`  | bool   | If true, the width of the spacer will be `100%`. Default is `false`             |
| `fullHeight` | bool   | If true, the height of the spacer will be `100%`. Default is `false`            |
| ∞            | -      | Any other `View` style props                                                    |

### Touchable

```js
import { Touchable } from '@backpacker/primitives';

<Touchable onPress={() => console.log('Hi!')}>...</Touchable>;
```

The `Touchable` primitive is a wrapper around the `TouchableOpacity` component.

| prop            | type     | description                              |
| --------------- | -------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `activeOpacity` | number   | Default is `0.5`                         |
| `onPress`       | function | Default is `undefined`                   |
| `isDisabled`    | bool     | Default is `false`                       |
| ∞               | -        | Any other `TouchableOpacity` style props |

### Expandable

```js
import { Expandable } from '@backpacker/primitives';

<Expandable
  renderHeader={({ isVisible }) => (
    <Row>
      <H1>Expand me!</H1>
    </Row>
  )}>
  ...
</Expandable>;
```

The `Expandable` primitive uses `LayoutAnimation` for a smooth expand/collapse of the content.

| prop                    | type     | description                                                                    |
| ----------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `initialState`          | bool     | Default is `false`                                                             |
| `renderHeader`          | function | Default is `undefined`                                                         |
| `onShow`                | function | Default is noop                                                                |
| `onHide`                | function | Default is noop                                                                |
| `layoutAnimationPreset` | object   | A `LayoutAnimation` preset; default is `LayoutAnimation.Presets.easeInEaseOut` |

### Modal

```js
import { Modal } from '@backpacker/primitives';

const modalRef = useRef(null);

<Modal ref={modalRef}>...</Modal>;

// Then it can be shown
modalRef.current.show();
// or hidden
modalRef.current.hide();
```

The `Modal` primitive is a wrapper for the default RN `Modal`.

| prop            | type     | description       |
| --------------- | -------- | ----------------- |
| `animationType` | string   | Default is `fade` |
| `onShow`        | function | Default is noop   |
| `onHide`        | function | Default is noop   |

### useTheme

```js
import { useTheme } from '@backpacker/primitives';

function MyComponent() {
  const { theme, setTheme } = useTheme;

return (
    <Column backgroundColor={theme.colors.background} flex={1} center>
      <Text>Sample Text</Text>
    </Column>
  );
}
```

## Custom themes

To create a custom theme, we take the [config](./src/config.js) object and extend it using a new key (or overwrite an existing key).

> By default, the library exposes two themes `default` and `dark`.

The following keys can be overwritten to create a new theme:

- `fontFamily` - string, default is `undefined`.
  ```js
  const fontFamily = 'Roboto';
  ```
- `fontWeights` - object, configures all `fontWeight` `variants`.

```js
  const fontWeights = {
    extralight: {},
    thin: {},
    light: {},
    normal: {},
    medium: {},
    semibold: {
      fontWeight: '600'
    },
    bold: {},
    heavy: {},
    extraheavy: {}
  };
  ```

- `textVariants` - object, configures any `Text` `variant`.

```js
  const textVariants = {
    title: {
      fontSize: 28,
      ...fontWeights.semibold
    },
    subtitle: {
      fontSize: 18
    }
  };
  ```

- `spacerUnit` - number, configures default `Spacer` unit

```js
  const spacerUnit = 5;
  ```

- `defaultSpacerSize` - number, configures default `Spacer` size.

```js
  const defaultSpacerSize = 2;
  ```

This means `<Spacer />` now has a size equal to `2*5`.

- `colors` - object, configures any colors that can be later consumed via `useTheme` hook.

```js
  const colors = {
    colors: {
      background: '#000',
      text: '#FFF'
    }
  };
  ```

Now all I have to do is wrap everything together in a `theme`:

```js
import { defaultTheme } from '@backpacker/primitives';

const myDarkTheme = {
  ...defaultTheme,
  fontFamily,
  fontWeights,
  textVariants,
  spacerUnit,
  defaultSpacerSize,
  colors,
  isDark: true
};
```

And pass it to the `ConfigProvider`, in my App's entry point:

```js
import { ConfigProvider } from '@backpacker/primitives';

const customConfig = {
  myDarkTheme
};

function Root() {
  return (
    <ConfigProvider config={customConfig}>
      <App />
    </ConfigProvider>
  );
}
```

To set the newly created `myDarkTheme` as default, use the `defaultTheme` prop on the `ConfigProvider`:

```js
import { ConfigProvider } from '@backpacker/primitives';

function Root() {
  return (
    <ConfigProvider defaultTheme='myDarkTheme'>
      <App />
    </ConfigProvider>
  );
}
```

Or, to switch to this theme, call `setTheme()` inside any child component:

```js
import { useTheme } from '@backpacker/primitives';

function MyComponent() {
  const { setTheme } = useTheme();

const enableDarkMode = () => setTheme('myDarkTheme');

return (
    ...
  )
}
```

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