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Implementation of the EGSR 2025 paper "Footprint-driven cost reduction for bidirectional rendering"

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# Less Can Be More: A Footprint-Driven Heuristic to Skip Wasted Connections and Merges in Bidirectional Rendering

Implementation of the EGSR 2025 paper "Footprint-driven cost reduction for bidirectional rendering"

https://doi.org/10.2312/sr.20251180

![Teaser of the paper](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PearCoding/FootprintVCM/main/teaser.png)

## Abstract

Bidirectional rendering algorithms can robustly render a wide range of scenes and light transport effects. Their robustness
stems from the fact that they combine a huge number of sampling techniques: Paths traced from the camera are combined with
paths traced from the lights by connecting or merging their vertices in all possible combinations. The flip side of this robustness
is that efficiency suffers because most of these connections and merges are not useful – their samples will have a weight close
to zero. Skipping these wasted computations is hence desirable. Prior work has attempted this via manual parameter tuning,
by classifying materials as “specular”, “glossy”, or “diffuse”, or via costly data-driven adaptation. We, instead, propose a
simple footprint-driven heuristic to selectively enable only the most impactful bidirectional techniques. Our heuristic is based
only on readily available PDF values, does not require manual tuning, supports arbitrarily complex material systems, and does
not require precomputation.

## Dependencies

- [.NET 9.0](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/9.0)
  
## Running

To run (and build) the default experiment use the following command-line in your favorite terminal:

```ps
cd Experiments
dotnet run -c Release
```

The executable allows the following arguments to be passed alongside it:

- `--help` To get the following help displayed in the terminal.
 - `--width [NW]`, `--height [NH]` Change the default (1280x720) image size to [NW]x[NH].
 - `--eq-sample [N]` Conduct a equal-sample benchmark instead of an equal-time with [N] samples.
 - `--time [S]` Change the default maximum rendertime (30s) to [S] seconds.
 - `--no-reference` Do not try to compute a reference automatically.
 - `--scene` Load a specific scene instead of the defaults. Can be specified multiple times.

To specify arguments for the application using `dotnet` use the following example:

```ps
cd Experiments
dotnet run -c Release -- --width 800 --height 600 --time 300 --no-reference --scene RGBSofa --scene StillLife
```

Results after a successful run can be found in the corresponding `Experiments/Results*/` directory. The actual name of the result directory depends on the user arguments. Default is `Experiments/ResultsEqTime30s/`.

The environment variable `SEESHARP_SCENE_DIRS` can be used to add directories containing scenes.

## Project Outline

This project is divided into multiple directories

- `Experiments/` Contains the code to evaluate `Ours` against the `Baseline` and a `PathTracer`. Also contains the results after a successful run.
 - `Integrators/` Contains the reference implementation of our heuristic `Ours`.
 - `Scenes/` Contains scenes to evaluate against.

## Scenes

This project ships the following scenes used for the evaluation in the paper:

<table>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/CornellBox/CornellBox.jpg" alt="CornellBox scene" width="320px" height="180px">
CornellBox
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/DragonInIce/DragonInIce.jpg" alt="DragonInIce scene" width="320px" height="180px">
DragonInIce
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/RGBSofa/RGBSofa.jpg" alt="RGBSofa scene" width="320px" height="180px">
RGBSofa
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/RoughGlassesIndirect/RoughGlassesIndirect.jpg" alt="RoughGlassesIndirect scene" width="320px" height="180px">
RoughGlassesIndirect
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/StillLife/StillLife.jpg" alt="StillLife scene" width="320px" height="180px">
StillLife
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/TargetPractice/TargetPractice.jpg" alt="TargetPractice scene" width="320px" height="180px">
TargetPractice
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<img align=center src="Scenes/VeachBidir/VeachBidir.jpg" alt="VeachBidir scene" width="320px" height="180px">
VeachBidir
</td></tr>
</table>

## Funding

This project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 540768663.

## Bibtex
```bibtex
@inproceedings{Yazici2025,
    booktitle = {Eurographics Symposium on Rendering},
    editor    = {Wang, Beibei and Wilkie, Alexander},
    title     = {{Less can be more: A Footprint-driven Heuristic to skip Wasted Connections and Merges in Bidirectional Rendering}},
    author    = {Yazici, Ömercan and Grittmann, Pascal and Slusallek, Philipp},
    year      = {2025},
    publisher = {The Eurographics Association},
    ISSN      = {1727-3463},
    ISBN      = {978-3-03868-292-9},
    DOI       = {10.2312/sr.20251180}
}
```

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