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ARMv8 example programs to learn from and armsim, an ARMv8 simulator

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# ARMv8 Examples

+ The examples run on a Raspberry Pi 4 with Ubuntu 20.04.1 64 bit Server. Unfamiliar concepts are explained in source comments as they are introduced.
+ Examples include:
    + **hello.s** start here if you are completely new to ARM assembly and/or linux system calls
	+ **loop.s** same as hello.s, but prints a message mutliple times in order to demonstrate a basic looping construct
	+ **prompt.s** Asks the user for a name then prints out the name with a greeting. Introduces reading input from the command line
	+ **guess.s** Generates a random number from 0 - 9 and asks the user to guess until the right answer is inputted
	+ **collatz.s** Asks the user to input a positive number and returns the number of steps for the number to converge on 1 using the Collatz Conjecture
	+ **sort.s** Demonstrates how a simple sort algorithm (insertion sort) can be implemented in assembly. Each line of the algorithm is mapped to the corresponding assembly code
    + **brk.s** An example usage of the brk system call to dynamically allocate more memory to a program.

# To Compile
`$ as -g name.s -o name.o && ld name.o -o name`

where "name" is replaced with the example you want to run

# Examining with gdb
It's highly encouraged to step through the programs with a debugger to see what's actually going on. To do this run
`$ gdb name`

Here are some commands you'll want to know:
+ **start** starts the program
+ **layout asm** brings up a TUI environment so you can see what assembly instructions are being executed
+ **stepi** steps one assembly instruction
+ **i r** prints out the contents of the registers
+ **x addr** prints out the contents of the given address
+ **x/s addr** prints out the contents of the given address as a string
+ **q** quit

Pressing enter at a blank prompt causes the previously executed command to run again. This can save a lot of typing.

# armsim.py
This is a python3 simulator for a subset of arm64 instructions. It aims to be compatible with gnu assembler files and supports a subset of directives. Further documentation can be found in the numerous comments. Currently armsim can run hello.s, loop.s, prompt.s, guess.s, collatz.s, sort.s, and brk.s. See [the guide](documentation/armsim_guide.md) for information on its features and what instructions are currently supported. It's advisable to use the sample programs as a starting point for understanding the supported instructions and for writing your own programs

# armdb.py
A simple debugger interface for armsim. See [the guide](documentation/armdb_guide.md) for usage instructions.

# Using armsim as a Library
See [this guide](documentation/armsim_lib.md) for instructions on how to execute armsim from another python program.

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