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Orth bootstrap compiler, Orth self-hosting compiler, and OS written in Orth

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# orth

### Warning & Apology

Unfortunatley, I haven't had time to do a lot of work on Orth recently. As a result, it has fallen into a state of disrepair where SHOC won't build under modern versions of LLVM and/or GCC (also, it's borked half-way through my work to add generics last time I was looking at it.) I may return to it at some point, but more likley is starting over and building another language, since my further learning in the languages realm has exposed some fundamental structural flaws in orth (only one pointer type...)

Nonetheless it's still cool imho, and the OS still builds which is a fun demo!

### Introduction

Orth is a looosley statically typed, Object Oriented, C and Python inspired systems programming language. It allows much of the same functionality as C, with a focus on elegance and cleanliness of syntax.
It's easy to learn, if you know C you know the fundamentals of orth:

```
import std

function() main -> int does
  printf("Hello, world!\n")
return 0
```

And if you know C and Python you'll understand the OOP scheme:

```
import std

type Person is
  cstr first_name
  cstr last_name
  int age
  
  function(cstr first, cstr last, int age) Person::new -> Person does
    Person new = malloc(@sizeof(Person)@)|Person
    new.first_name=first
    new.last_name=last
    new.age=age
  return new
  
  function(Person self, int year) Person:get_age -> int does
  return year - self.age
endtype

function() main -> int does
  Person bob = Person::new("Bob", "Spuser", 1942)
  printf("%s %s is %i years old\n", bob.first_name, bob.last_name, bob:get_age(2016))
return 0
```

Check out some larger, low-level usage examples from the kernel in this repo (with syntax highlighting!) [here](http://louis.goessling.com/orth/os/kernel.ort.html) (import statements are links)

Orth is still a low-level language, meaning you still need to watch your memory managment and whatnot, but abstractions provided with the OOP ideas work with that simplicity, not against it.

### Compiling Orth
1. Write a program, feel free to crib the hello world example
2. Install python 3 if not already done (should provide a `/usr/bin/python3`)
3. Install LLVM 3.5 (should provide a `llc-3.5`)
4. Install GCC (basically any modern version, should provide a `gcc`)
5. Run `orthc <your_file_name>`
6. Observe and run your new ELF executable with `./out`

### Running the Self-Hosting compiler
0. Install LLVM 5.0 (as to provide a `llc-5.0`)
1. Install some version of clang (as to provide a `clang`)
2. Once you have orthc up and running, head into the shoc directory and run `./py_build --no-unwind` This will probably take ~30 seconds
3. This should produce a `shoc` executable with a similar-but-not-the-same command line interface (flags - documented in `args.txt` - are different)
4. Run `./experimental_build.sh --no-unwind` and shoc will rebuild itself
5. If this worked, copy `shoc` to `shoc_good` to use `./build_self.sh --no-unwind` for further development without breaking the working compiler
6. Now you got a bona-fide orth-in-orth compiler in shoc. Should be compatible with samples stuff - e.g. `./shoc ../samples/http.ort && ./out 5001` to serve a demo web server on localhost:5001
7. Bonus step: install libunwind (`libunwind-dev` on debian,) build `unwind_shim.o` in the `lib/unwind` folder and build without the `--no-unwind` flag

### Running the OS
 * If you want to run the OS, you'll need a i386 cross-compiler GCC toolchain (gcc/as/ld,) and my build scripts will probably need some PATH tweaking, but with that set up in the path you should be able to run the `build.sh` script in the os folder
 
 The OS should run on QEMU/VirtualBox/etc _and_ on REAL x86 HARDWARE! Should run just fine on modern computers too. If you wanna play around with it, `snake` and `rc` are cool toys on the kernel shell.
 Some cool screenshots of the OS in action:
 ![Image of VESA framebuffer terminal](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/602p/orth/master/docs/image/emu2.png)
 ![Image of Raycaster](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/602p/orth/master/docs/image/raycast.png)

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